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FIGURES 31–34. Cardicola lafii n in Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes (

FIGURES 31–34. Cardicola lafii n. sp. from the atrium and ventricle (heart) of Siganus fuscescens off Lizard Island. 31. Adult, whole mount, dorsal view. Posterior caeca unclear in outline, path seen as convoluted due to colouration of intestinal contents. 32. Anterior region, dorsal view, showing vestigial oral sucker delimited by fine membrane. Although spines seen on sucker exact number of concentric rows not clear, spines illustrated to show their presence only. 33. Male terminal genitalia, ventral view. 34. Female terminal genitalia, dorsal view. Vitelline duct and vitelline reservoir omitted from figure as they obscure the path of the uterus as they pass posteriorly. Scalebars: 31, 250 m; 32–34, 100 m.

FIGURES 6–14. Cardicola milleri n in Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes (

FIGURES 6–14. Cardicola milleri n. sp. 6. Adult, dorsal view. Male genital pore positioned posterodextrally to female pore. 7, 8. Tegumental spines, ventral view. Spines in ventrolateral transverse rows. 9. Tegument, ventral view. Surface appearing folded in mazelike configuration. 10. Tegumental papillae, ventral view. Papillae extend across body surface from inner most spines of ventrolateral transverse rows. 11. Vestigial oral sucker, ventral view. Sucker defined by constriction of body wall. Mouth subterminal. Anterior to the mouth are 6–7 concentric rows of small spines. 12. Vestigial oral sucker, lateral view. 13. Male genital pore, dorsal view. Surrounded by large papillae anteriorly. 14. Female genital pore, dorsal view. Surrounded by intricate tegumental folds. Abbreviations: FGP, female genital pore; M, mouth; MGP, male genital pore; TP, tegumental papillae; VOS, vestigial oral sucker. Scalebars: 6, 100 m; 7,8,11,12, 10 m; 9,10,13,14,1 m.

FIGURES 27–30. Cardicola watsonensis n in Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes (

FIGURES 27–30. Cardicola watsonensis n. sp. from the atrium and ventricle (heart) of Siganus corallinus off Lizard Island. 27. Adult, whole mount, dorsal view. 28. Anterior region, dorsal view, showing vestigial oral sucker delimited by fine membrane. Spines not seen on single specimen as anterior end folded dorsally. 29. Male terminal genitalia, dorsal view. 30. Female terminal genitalia, dorsal view. Vitelline duct and vitelline reservoir omitted from figure as they obscure the path of the oviduct, oviducal seminal receptacle and uterus as they pass posteriorly. Mehlis' gland not seen in this specimen. Scalebars: 27, 250 m; 28–30, 100 m.

FIGURES 2–5. Cardicola milleri n in Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes (

FIGURES 2–5. Cardicola milleri n. sp. from the atrium and ventricle (heart) of Lutjanus bohar off Lizard Island. 2. Adult, whole mount, ventral view. 3. Anterior region, ventral view, vestigial oral sucker delimited by fine membrane, possessing 6–7 concentric rows of spines. 4. Male terminal genitalia, ventral view. 5. Female terminal genitalia, ventral view. Vitelline duct omitted from figure as it obscures the path of the oviduct, oviducal seminal receptacle and uterus as it passes posteriorly. Scalebars: 2, 250 m; 3–5, 100 m.

FIGURES 23–26. Cardicola bartolii n in Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes (

FIGURES 23–26. Cardicola bartolii n. sp. from the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus (heart), and gills of Siganus lineatus off Heron Island. 23. Adult, whole mount, ventral view. Only species so far found with uterus that is not convoluted anterior to oötype (distally). 24. Anterior region, ventral view, showing vestigial oral sucker delimited by fine membrane and body constriction, and the nerve commissure. 25. Male terminal genitalia, ventral view. 26. Female terminal genitalia, ventral view. Vitelline duct and vitelline reservoir omitted from figure as they obscure the path of the oviduct, oviducal seminal receptacle and uterus as they pass posteriorly. Scalebars: 23, 250

FIGURE 4 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Suite 2 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with subterminal mouth position.

FIGURE 3 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 3. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 2 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with subterminal mouth position. A. Elacatinus sp. 1 (Cayman Islands), B. E. genie (Bahamas), C. E. randalli (photo J.E. Randall), D. E. prochilos (Barbados).

FIGURE 2 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Suite 1 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with inferior mouth position.

FIGURE 1 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 1. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 1 Elacatinus: coral-dwelling, cleaning species with inferior mouth position. A. Elacatinus oceanops (Florida), B. E. " lobeli" (Belize), C. E. evelynae (white form-Jamaica), D. E. evelynae (yellow-blue form-Bahamas), E. E. evelynae (yellow form-NE Bahamas), F. E. illecebrosus (yellow form- Panama), G. E. illecebrosus (blue form-Colombia)(Photo-C. Roesler).

FIGURE 5 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 5. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 3 Elacatinus: shallow water sponge-dwelling species. A. Elacatinus chancei (Bahamas), B. E. horsti (yellow form-Curacao), C. E. horsti (white form-Jamaica), D. E. lori (Belize)(Photo J.E. Randall), E. E. xanthiprora (yellow form-Florida), F. E. serranilla (Serranilla Bank), G. E. colini (Belize)(photo P.S. Lobel).

FIGURE 9 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 9. Tropical western North Atlantic species of Suite 5 Elacatinus: hovering planktivores. A. Elacatinus atronasus (dorsal aspect-Bahamas), B. E. atronasus (Bahamas), C. E. jarocho (Veracruz, Mexico)(photo by L. Akins).

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Climate-assisted persistence of tropical fish vagrants in temperate marine ecosystems

Rising temperatures and extreme climatic events are propelling tropical species into temperate marine ecosystems, but not all species can persist. Here, we used the heatwave-driven expatriation of tropical black rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) to the temperate environments of Western Australia to assess the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that may entail their persistence. Population genomic assays for this rabbitfish indicated little genetic differentiation between tropical residents and vagrants to temperate environments due to high migration rates, which were likely enhanced by the marine heatwave. DNA metabarcoding revealed a diverse diet for this species based on phytoplankton and algae, as well as an ability to feed on regional resources, including kelps. Irrespective of future climate scenarios, these macroalgae-consuming vagrants may self-recruit in temperate environments and further expand their geographic range by 2100. This expansion may compromise the health of the kelp forests that form Australia's Great Southern Reef. Overall, our study demonstrates that projected favourable climatic conditions, continued large-scale genetic connectivity between populations, and diet versatility are key for tropical range-shifting fish to establish in temperate ecosystems.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Non-reef habitats in a tropical seascape affect density and biomass of fishes on coral reefs

Non-reef habitats such as mangroves, seagrass, and macroalgal beds are important for foraging, spawning, and as nursery habitat for some coral reef fishes. The spatial configuration of non-reef habitats adjacent to coral reefs can therefore have a substantial influence on the distribution and composition of reef fish. We investigate how different habitats in a tropical seascape in the Philippines influence the presence, density, and biomass of coral reef fishes to understand the relative importance of different habitats across various spatial scales. A detailed seascape map generated from satellite imagery was combined with field surveys of fish and benthic habitat on coral reefs. We then compared the relative importance of local reef (within coral reef) and adjacent habitat (habitats in the surrounding seascape) variables for coral reef fishes. Overall, adjacent habitat variables were as important as local reef variables in explaining reef fish density and biomass, despite being fewer in number in final models. For adult and juvenile wrasses (Labridae), and juveniles of some parrotfish taxa (Chlorurus), adjacent habitat was more important in explaining fish density and biomass. Notably, wrasses were positively influenced by the amount of sand and macroalgae in the adjacent seascape. Adjacent habitat metrics with the highest relative importance were sand (positive), macroalgae (positive) and mangrove habitats (negative), and fish responses to these metrics were consistent across fish groups evaluated. The 500-m spatial scale was selected most often in models for seascape variables. Local coral reef variables with the greatest importance were percent cover of live coral (positive), sand (negative), and macroalgae (mixed). Incorporating spatial metrics that describe the surrounding seascape will capture more holistic patterns of fish-habitat relationships on reefs. This is important in regions where protection of reef fish habitat is an integral part of fisheries management but where protection of non-reef habitats is often overlooked.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Tropicalization of temperate reef fish communities facilitated by urchin grazing and diversity of thermal affinities

Aim: Global declines in structurally complex habitats are reshaping both land and seascapes in directions that affect biological communities' responses to warming. Here, we test whether widespread loss of kelp habitats through sea urchin overgrazing systematically changes sensitivity of fish communities to warming. Location: Global temperate latitudes Time period: Modern Major taxa studied: Fishes Methods: Community thermal affinity shifts related to habitat were assessed by simulating and comparing fish communities from 2,271 surveys across 15 ecoregions. Results: We find that fishes in kelp and urchin barrens differ in realized thermal affinities and range sizes, but only in regions where species pools have high variability in species' thermal affinities. Barrens on warm-temperate reefs host relatively more warm-affinity fish species than neighbouring kelp beds, highlighting acceleration of tropicalization processes facilitated by urchin herbivory. By contrast, proportionally more cool-affinity fishes colonize barrens at high temperate latitudes, contributing to community lags with ocean warming in these regions. Main conclusions: Our findings implicate urchins as drivers of ecological change, in part by affecting biological resilience to warming.