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FIGURE 15 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 15. Mid-caudal vertebra of Wiehenvenator albati in anterior (1) and lateral (2; stereophotographs) views. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, and: as, anterior spur. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

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FIGURE 13 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 13. Dentition of Wiehenvenator albati. 1, replacement tooth in the 2nd maxillary alveolus; 2, functional tooth in the 4th maxillary alveolus; 3, probable maxillary tooth with partially preserved root (WMN P27459) in lingual view; 4-6, probable maxillary tooth with complete root (WMN P27483) in distal (4), lingual (5) and mesial (6) views; 7, mesial (posterior premaxillary or anterior dentary) tooth (WMN P27467) in labial(?) view; 8, maxillary or dentary tooth (WMN P27473) in labial(?) view; 9, detail of crown apex of WMN P27373, showing the carina that is continuous across the tip (mesial is to the left); 10-12, mesial (probably premaxillary) tooth (WMN P27456) in distal (10), labial (11) and mesial (12) views. Abbreviations: idp, interdental plates; pdl, paradental lamina. Scale bars equal 10 mm (1, 2) and 50 mm (3-12; not 9).

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FIGURE 12 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 12. Right dentary of Wiehenvenator albati in lateral (1), ventral (2), and medial (3) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 4 | Observed fish-species richness vs. environments. Violin plot comparing the median, interquartile range, and 95% confidence interval on the distribution pattern of richness among environments (left: native fish, right: non-native fish). The shape of the violin plot represents data distribution by kernel-density estimation, meaning that wider sections represent a higher probability of that given value of richness in that environment; the skinnier sections represent a lower probability. P-values from Kruskal–Wallis test for richness among environment is displayed. The environments were identified from upstream to downstream direction, as follows: (RPM) Porce River isolated between the dams, (RG) Guadalupe River, (RSV) Reservoir, (CFR) Creeks flowing to the reservoir, (CFD) Creeks flowing to the Porce River below the dam and (RPD) Porce River below the Porce III dam.

FIGURE 6 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 6 | Total variance in beta diversity (BDTotal) in each year and first Species Contributions to Beta-Diversity (SCBD) by year. Local contribution to beta-diversity (LCBD) per aquatic environment and year (black circles represents significant values p <0.05).

FIGURE 3 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 3 | Observed fish-species richness vs. time. Observed fish-species richness native (left) and non-native (right) by sampling year in the area of influence of the Porce III reservoir. The generalized linear models and their confidence interval have been added. Each point represents an environment.

FIGURE 1 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 1 | Sampling sites in Porce III reservoir. The digital elevation model (SRTM, 1 arc-second) was obtained from USGS Earth Explorer (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov) and shape file of dams was obtained from IGAC (https://geoportal.igac.gov.co/). All other products were produced by the authors and are copyright-free.

FIGURE 2 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 2 | Changes in relative abundance over time in each aquatic environment (RPM) Porce River isolated between the dams, (RG) Guadalupe River, (RSV) Reservoir, (CFR) Creeks flowing to the reservoir, (CFD) Creeks flowing to the Porce River below the dam, and (RPD) Porce River below the Porce III dam. White vertical line represents the year of filling and separates the years of pre-construction and postfilling of the reservoir.

FIGURE 5 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time

FIGURE 5 | Fish-assemblage ordination in the aquatic environments of Porce III by non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) using Jaccard similarity index. A. Before filling the reservoir from 2008 to 2011 and B. After filling the reservoir from 2017 to 2020. Environments are identified by symbols, and assemblage groups are identified by lines (70% of similarity). (RPM) Porce River isolated between the dams, (RG) Guadalupe River, (RSV) Reservoir, (CFR) Creeks flowing to the reservoir, (CFD) Creeks flowing to the Porce River below the dam, and (RPD) Porce River below the Porce III dam.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales

FIGURE 1 | Sampled sites and forest fragments in the Machado River basin, Brazil. The inset map of Brazil depicts the relative location of the study area (black) within the Madeira River basin (dark gray), inside the Amazon biome (light gray).

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales

FIGURE 4 | Explained variation of environmental contribution in turnover metrics partitioned by MRM and associated commonality analysis into pure local, shared and pure catchment components. RC = Raup-Crick; MPD = mean pairwise distance; MNTD = mean nearest taxon distance; all = all sampled streams; ref = streams with forested watersheds; new = streams with recently deforested watersheds; old = streams with historically deforested watersheds.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales

FIGURE 2 | Distribution of sampling sites with (A) forest patches ranked according to the forest quality multimetric index and (B) effective forest cover. Non-forested area is white and is not included in the multimetric index calculation (or legend).

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales

FIGURE 3 | Standardized effect sizes for each taxonomic and functional turnover metric (mean and 95% confidence intervals). RC = Raup-Crick; MPD = mean pairwise distance; MNTD = mean nearest taxon distance; ref = streams with forested watersheds; new = streams with recently deforested watersheds; old = streams with historically deforested watersheds.

Fig. 16 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 16. Transverse sections of Emanuella aff. takwanensis (Kayser, 1883); all specimens are from sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian. A–D. Sections at various distances from the ventral apex of specimens PUM05042~PUM05045; acetate peel numbers: 05J, 05G, 05I, and 05H respectively. E. Transverse serial sections of specimen PUM05046, acetate peel number: 05F; numbers refer to approximate distance in mm from the ventral apex.

Fig. 13 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 13. Transverse serial sections of Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen, 1978; Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex. A. Specimen PUM05035, numbers 1–3 on the lateral profile indicate the first three sections at ~1.0, ~2.0, 3.1 mm; acetate peel number: 05C, sample QZQ1. B. Specimen PUM05036, acetate peel number: 05E, sample QZQ1.

Fig. 12. A in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 12. A. Sinal plication pattern of Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen, 1978, specimen illustrated on Fig. 11F. B. Sinal plication pattern of Cyrtospirifer? sp., specimen illustrated on Fig. 11C.

Fig. 10 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 10. The spinatrypinae brachiopods from the Early and Middle Frasnian of the Caiziyan and Qiziqiao sections. A, B. Spinatrypina douvillei (Mansuy, 1912). A. PUM05018, sample GC21–24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view of an exfoliated specimen on slab. B. PUM05019, sample GC21–24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view of another exfoliated specimen on slab. C–G. Spinatrypa subkwangsiensis (Tien, 1938) Group B. C. PUM05020, sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal view of an exfoliated specimen on slab. D. PUM05021, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, dorsal (D1), lateral (D2), ventral (D3), posterior (D4), and anterior (D5) views of an adult(?), note spiny bases and broken spines. E. PUM05022, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, posterior (E1), anterior (E2), ventral (E3), dorsal (E4), and lateral (E5) views of another adult (?) with a well preserved foramen bounded by a pair of conjunct deltidial plates at the bottom. F. PUM05023, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, dorsal (F1), ventral (F2), lateral (F3), posterior (F4), anterior (F5), and enlarged area (F6) views of a juvenile with a well preserved foramen bounded by a pair of conjunct deltidial plates at the bottom. G. PUM05024, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, anterior (G1), posterior (G2), dorsal (G3), ventral (G4), and lateral (G5) views of another juvenile. H–I. Spinatrypina lungkouchungensis (Tien, 1938). H. PUM05025, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably Late Frasnian, ventral view, specimen is on slab. I. PUM05026, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (I1), lateral (I2), ventral (I3), and anterior (I4) views of a juvenile.

Fig. 11 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 11. Plicate spiriferid brachiopods from the Frasnian of the Qiziqiao and Qifengzhen sections. A. Theodossia? sp. PUM05027, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably early Late Frasnian (cardinal extremities somewhat broken), ventral (A1), area (A2), and lateral (A3) views of a ventral valve. B–D. Cyrtospirifer? sp. B. PUM05028, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (B1), posterior (B2), ventral (B3), lateral (B4), and anterior (B5) views of a juvenile. C. PUM05029, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, posterior (C1), lateral (C2), anterior (C3), dorsal (C4), and ventral (C5) views, note the thick shell material. D. PUM05030, sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, ventral interior (D1), lateral (D2), and ventral exterior (D3) views, note thickened ventral posterior. E, F. Cyrtospirifer cf. sichuanensis Chen in Xu et al. (1978). E. PUM05031, dorsal view of a heavily exfoliated specimen of sample GQ6 of the Qifengzhen section in the vicinity of Guilin, about 17 m above the base of the "Gubi Formation" (Zhong et al. 1992). F. PUM05032, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, ventral view of an entirely exfoliated specimen. G. Cyrtospirifer cf. extensa Ching et Liu in Wang et al. 1982; PUM05033, sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian (cardinal extremities somewhat broken), anterior (G1), dorsal (G2), ventral (G3), lateral (G4), and posterior (G5) views. H. Pyramidaspirifer cf. helenae (Fenton, 1918); PUM05034, sample QZQ4, Qiziqiao section, probably early Late Frasnian, dorsal (H1), ventral (H2), lateral (H3), area (H4), and anterior (H5) views of a slightly distorted shell.

Fig. 9 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 9. Transverse serial sections of Desquamatia qiziqiaoensis sp. nov. Specimen PUM05017 (24.3 mm wide, 24.6 mm long, and 11.8 mm thick), acetate peel number: 05B, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex.

Fig. 7 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 7. Photographs of acetate peels of Desquamatia cf. kimberleyensis (Coleman, 1951) from the Middle Frasnian of the Panxi section, PUM05008, sample PY4 (same specimen as Fig. 5C). A. Left side at 0.8 mm. B. Left inner socket ridge at 2.2 mm showing combed knots (traces of muscle attachment?). C. Left tooth and socket at 3.2 mm.