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opennotspecifiedNov 2013View details →

Figure 1 in Congruence between molecular phylogeny and cuticular design in Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada)

Figure 1. The five types of cuticular designs traditionally used to group Echiniscus species and the recently described genus Diploechiniscus (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983; Peluffo et al., 2002; Pilato et al., 2007, 2008): A, bigranulatus; B, blumi-canadensis; C, merokensis; D, arctomys; E, viridis; F, D. oihonnae. A to D and F were made using phase contrast. E was made using differential interference contrast. Scale bars: 10 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA

FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills based on maximum likelihood analysis of mitochondrial sequence data (cytochrome-b, ND2). Bootstrap support based on 1000 replicates (ML at top, MP in middle) and Bayesian posterior probability (at bottom) are indicated for each node.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA

FIGURE 1. Distributions of Platalea species (following Hancock et al. 1992). The heavy gray line across Africa represents the southern edge of the winter range of migratory P. leucorodia.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach

Figure 2. Summary tree of parsimony and maximum likelihood molecular-only dataset. Bootstrap values for parsimony (BP), maximum likelihood (BL), and Goodman–Bremer parsimony (GB) support values are given for the most inclusive clades on the topology. Clades B, D, E and G do not show significant differences of bootstrap values. Clade F shows lower BL values. Clade F shows different topologies with parsimony and maximum likeihood. Some clades show uncertain relationships, such as clades H, I, L and U. For BL, the position of clades I and U is indicated by the red dashed clade and green dashed arrow, respectively. The 'andicoles' and 'caraïbes' groups are shown in clades E and D, respectively. For this topology, the Neotropical clades are named and coloured as: pink, Oroperipatus; pale brown, Colombia and Northern Brazil (CNB); light red, Epiperipatus edwardsii; blue, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana and Panama (CSG, with Epiperipatus vagans and their related species nested within the clade); green, Other Brazilian groups. See individual topologies in Figs S2 and S3.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach

Figure 1. Origin of samples used in this study. Colours indicate the genera listed at the bottom of the map.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Figure 3 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach

Figure 3. Total evidence analysis. Cladogram of 175 terminals, using matrices from morphological and molecular data (subunits COI, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA), and analysed in POY (6715 steps). Selected examined specimens are shown for some clades. The tree is rooted with Peripatopsidae. The unambiguous synapomorphies, mapped for Peripatus solorzanoi, P. bouvieri and clades Neotropics (D + E), E and L, are the same as those shown in Supporting Information, Table S2. Morphological synapomorphies are mapped for branches and terminals. Different colours indicate separate groupings: purple, Oroperipatus; light brown, Colombia and Northern Brazil; light red, Northern Brazil and French Guiana; blue, Costa Rica and Panama; green, remaining Brazilian groups. The asterisk indicates the position of Epiperipatus edwardsii – the type

Figure 10 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 10. Ancestral state reconstructions for the genus Hemicycliophora based on parsimony (left maximum parsimony tree) and Bayesian inference (BI; right: BI tree) of A, vulval lip structure; B, tail shape; C, presence of males. Posterior probabilities for each character state are indicated as pie charts in the majority consensus BI tree.

Figure 9 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 9. Ancestral state reconstructions for the genus Hemicycliophora based on parsimony (left maximum parsimony tree) and Bayesian inference (BI; right: BI tree) of A, average body length; B, average stylet length; C, average R (total number of body annuli); D, average RV (number of annuli between posterior end of body and vulva). Posterior probabilities for each character state are indicated as pie charts in the majority consensus BI tree.

Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 7. Phylogenetic relationships within populations and species of the genus Hemicycliophora as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the D2-D3 of the 28S rRNA gene sequence data set with the general time reversible substitution model with estimation of invariant sites and assuming a gamma distribution with four categories. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 5. Photomicrographs of specimens of a Spanish population of Hemicycliophora obtusa Thorne, 1955. A, entire female body; B, female pharyngeal region; C, female anterior region; D, detail of lateral field; E, F, vulval and tail regions; G, pharyngeal region of pre-adult male showing absence of stylet; H, I, detail of spicules and bursa of pre-adult male. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E–I = 20 μm; D = 10 μm.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–D, lip region; E–L, lateral field. A, Hemicycliophora wyei (North Carolina, USA) (CD683); B, Hemicycliophora poranga (California, USA) (CD714); C, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (Arizona, USA) (CD715); D, Hemicycliophora californica (California, USA) (CD826B); E, Hemicycliophora gracilis (California, USA) (CD45); F, H. wyei (North Carolina, USA) (CD679); G, H. californica (CD826B); H, H. wyei (CD683); I, H. poranga (CD714); J, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (CD715); K, Hemicycliophora sp. 4 (North Carolina, USA) (CD675); L, H. californica CD826B). Scale bars: A–C, E, G–J, L = 5 μm; D = 2 μm; F, K = 10 μm.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–E, anterior region; F–J, lateral field: K–O, posterior region. A, F, K, Hemicycliophora floridensis (topotype, Florida, USA); B, G, L, Hemicycliophora poranga (California, USA); C, H, M, Hemicycliophora sp. 11 (Florida, USA), D, I, N, Hemicycliophora sp. 4 (North Carolina, USA); E, J, O, Hemicycliophora wyei (North Carolina, USA). Scale bars: A–E, K–O = 10 μm; F–J = 5 μm.

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of specimens of a new Spanish population of Hemicycliophora iberica Castillo et al., 1989. A, entire female body; B, female pharyngeal region; C, female anterior region; D, posterior region; E, detail of lateral field; F–I, female tail tips. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–D, F–I = 20 μm; E = 10 μm. ep, excretory pore.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of specimens of populations of selected Hemicycliophora species. A–F, anterior region; G–L, lateral field; M–R, posterior region. A, G, M, Hemicycliophora conida (Washington State, USA); B, H, N, Hemicycliophora sp. 3 (Arizona, USA); C, I, O, Hemicycliophora sp. 8 (California, USA); D, J, P, Hemicycliophora raskii (California, USA); E, K, Q, Hemicycliophora sp. 10 (California, USA); F, L, R, Hemicycliophora californica (California, USA). Scale bars: A–F, M–R = 10 μm; G–L = 5 μm.

Figure 8 in Molecular phylogeny, diagnostics, and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Figure 8. Phylogenetic relationships within populations and species of the genus Hemicycliophora as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequence data set with the general time reversible substitution model with estimation of invariant sites and assuming a gamma distribution with four categories. Posterior probabilities of over 70% are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated in bold.

opennotspecifiedApr 2010View details →

FIGURE 5 in Description of Halichoeres rubrovirens, a new species of wrasse (Labridae: Perciformes) from the Trindade and Martin Vaz Island group, southeastern Brazil, with a preliminary mtDNA molecular phylogeny of New World Halichoeres

FIGURE 5. Geographic location of Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands, off Brazil, southwestern Atlantic.

opennotspecifiedApr 2010View details →

FIGURE 4. The 50 in Description of Halichoeres rubrovirens, a new species of wrasse (Labridae: Perciformes) from the Trindade and Martin Vaz Island group, southeastern Brazil, with a preliminary mtDNA molecular phylogeny of New World Halichoeres

FIGURE 4. The 50% majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the partial cytochrome b gene of New World Halichoeres. Numbers above branches correspond to the bootstrap support calculated from the maximum likelihood analysis of 500 replicates and to posterior probabilities estimated using the Bayesian approach (presented as ML/PB).

FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny of long-tailed shrews (genus Sorex) from México and Guatemala

FIGURE 5. ML reconstruction of ancestral geographical origins using Mesquite 2.0 software (Maddison & Maddison 2007). The current geographical distribution of the species was coded: (0) only Eurasia, (1) Eurasia and America, (2) North America north of the Trans Neovolcanic Belt of Mexico, (3) between Trans Neovolcanic Belt and the Tehuantepec Isthmus of Mexico and (4) south of the Tehuantepec Isthmus. The pie charts represent the proportional likelihoods of each character state.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny of long-tailed shrews (genus Sorex) from México and Guatemala

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships among long-tailed shrews of the genus Sorex from Mexico based on 77 mtDNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene. The tree represents the maximum likelihood analysis. Numbers indicate bootstrap probability values of nodal support. Bayesian method identified the same supported clades.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogeny of long-tailed shrews (genus Sorex) from México and Guatemala

FIGURE 4. Chronogram tree with the divergence time estimated of speciation events derived from the r8s test (version 1.7; Sanderson 2003). Numbers indicate millions of years.