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Fig. 7 in The Amphibian Tree Of Life

Fig. 7. Relationships of salamanders suggested by Wiens et al. (2005). Families are noted on right. Results reflect a parsimony analysis of 326 character transformations of morphology (221 parsimonyinformative), and DNA sequences from nu rRNA (212 bp from Larson, 1991; 147 parsimonyinformative) and RAG1 (1,530 bp; 624 parsimonyinformative). Sequence alignment was made using Sequencher (Gene Codes Corp.). Morphological characters identified as paedomorphic were treated as unknown for adult morphology and in some cases hypothetical terminals were relatedspecies chimaeras of composite molecular and morphological data. Molecular transformations were weighted equally in analysis. Inferred insertiondeletion events were coded as binary characters separate from the nucleotide sequence characters and indelrequired gaps within sequences were coded as missing. The tree was rooted on Gymnophiona 1 Anura.

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Fig. 9 in The Amphibian Tree Of Life

Fig. 9. Tree of Plethodontidae by Mueller et al. (2004), with the traditional taxonomic assignments (Desmognathinae 1 tribes of Plethodontinae; Wake, 1966) placed on the right, with taxonomic fragments numbered for clarity. The generic taxonomy was updated to reflect name changes of former Salamandra luschani to Lyciasalamandera (Veith and Steinfartz, 2004) and Hydromantes italicus to Speleomantes. The results reflect a Bayesian analysis of entire mt DNA genomes (number of informative sites not stated, but analyzed fragments totalled 14,040 bp), with control region and ambiguously alignable region excluded. Sequences were aligned with default costs of GCG v. 10.3 (Accelrys, San Diego; cost of 8 for gap creation and extension cost of 2) and subsequently adjusted manually. It was not stated whether gaps were treated as evidence or as missing data.

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Fig. 4 in The Amphibian Tree Of Life

Fig. 4. Relationships of salamanders suggested by Larson and Dimmick (1993). Families are noted on right. Typhlonectes and Xenopus were employed as outgroups. Consensus of 40 equallyparsimonious trees (length 5 460, ci 5 0.59). Data are 32 morphological and 177 molecular (nu rDNA) character transformations (from Larson, 1991). The method of DNA alignment was not specified. Gaps were excluded as evidence.

PLATE 2 in The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition

PLATE 2. Alsodes nodosus, SSUC-AM 261, Quebrada Escobares, Valparaíso Region, Chile. SVL 2,5 cm. (10) Dorsal view; (11) ventral view; (12) head in lateral view; (13) tongue; (14) palatal view, sowing choanes and no palatine teeth. Scale: figs. 10–11: 1,0 cm; fig. 12: 1,5 cm; figs. 13–14: 2,0 cm.

PLATE 1 in The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition

PLATE 1. Amphibians from the Valparaíso region and their illustrations in the Atlas of the USEE. (1) Bufo lugubrosus (Holotype). USNM 15369; reproduced with authorization J.F.J. (2) Bufo lugubrosus. Plate 6, fig. 10. Girard (1858b). (3) Rhinella arunco, Los Molles, Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Claudio Correa. (4) Bufo thaul, Plate 5, fig. 15. Girard (1858b). (5) Alsodes nodosus, Camino a Farellones, Cordillera de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Cristián Sepúlveda C. (6) Cystignathus nebulosus, Pl. 3, fig. 19. Girard (1858b). (7) Pleurodema thaul. Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile. Felipe E. Rabanal. (8) Pleurodema bibroni, Plate 4, fig. 33. Girard (1858b). (9) Pleurodema thaul. Valdivia, Región de los Ríos, Chile. Felipe Rabanal. Pleurodema elegans, Plate 4, fig. 28. Girard (1858b).

PLATE 3 in The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition

PLATE 3. (16) Alsodes nodosus juvenil, greenish phase. Palmar del Salto, Viña del Mar, Región de Valparaíso, Chile. José Luis Inostroza.

Fig. 1 in Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity

Fig. 1 in Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity

Fig. 1. Global distribution of chytridiomycosis-associated amphibian species declines. Bar plots indicate the number (N) of declined species, grouped by continental area and classified by decline severity. Brazilian species are plotted separately from all other South American species (South America W); Mesoamerica includes Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean Islands; and Oceania includes Australia and New Zealand. No declines have been reported in Asia. n, total number of declines by region. [Photo credits (clockwise from top left): Anaxyrus boreas, C. Brown, U.S. Geological Survey; Atelopus varius, B.G.; Salamandra salamandra, D. Descouens, Wikimedia Commons; Telmatobius sanborni, I.D.l.R; Cycloramphus boraceiensis, L.F.T.; Cardioglossa melanogaster, M.H.; and Pseudophryne corroboree, C. Doughty]

Fig. 2 in Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity

Fig. 2. Taxonomic distribution of chytridiomycosis-associated amphibian declines. Each bar represents one species, and color denotes the severity of its decline. Concentric circles indicate, from inner to outer, order (Caudata or Anura), family, and genus. Full names are given only for families and genera that include>5 and>2 species, respectively; details for all taxa are in table S4. Within each taxonomic level, sublevels are ordered alphabetically. Protruding bars indicate species for which there is evidence of recovery. [Photo credits (left to right): Telmatobius bolivianus, I.D.l.R.; Atelopus zeteki, B.G.; and Craugastor crassidigitus, B.G.]

Fig. 4 in Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity

Fig. 4. Severity of chytridiomycosis-associated amphibian declines in relation to the geographic and elevational ranges of species. (A) Declines in relation to geographic range. Each dot indicates a species, located randomly along the perimeter of a circle with radius equal to the log10 of the species's geographic range in kilometers squared. (B) Declines in relation to elevational range. Horizontal bars, boxes, and vertical bars indicate, respectively, mean, first and second quartiles, and 95% quantiles of elevation ranges within each category of decline severity.

FIGURE 2 in Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937), one additional anuran species for the amphibian fauna of China

FIGURE 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the genus Nidirana inferred from a fragment of COI gene. "-" denotes low support by Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP <95%), and bootstrap support (BS <70%). The scale bar represents 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per site.

FIGURE 4 in Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937), one additional anuran species for the amphibian fauna of China

FIGURE 4. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the hand, and (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views of the foot of Nidirana chapaensis in life from China.

FIGURE 1 in Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937), one additional anuran species for the amphibian fauna of China

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Nidirana chapaensis near the China-Vietnam border. Red circle (Xichou, Wenshan, Yunnan, China) represent the new distribution record of the species in China.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

Notes on vocalizations of Brazilian amphibians iv

<p>Raw acoustic data of "<strong>Notes on vocalizations of Brazilian amphibians iv: advertisement calls of 20 Atlantic Forest frog species"</strong></p>

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

FIG. 2 in Discerning the Environmental Drivers of Annual Migrations in an Endangered Amphibian

FIG. 2. Comparison of arrival dates for male and female flatwoods salamanders. Plots are standardized from 1 October and separated by year, i.e., 10–11 is the fall 2010–spring 2011 breeding season. Within year comparisons are made with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Discerning the Environmental Drivers of Annual Migrations in an Endangered Amphibian

FIG. 1. Daily counts of individuals as a proportion of the total number of individuals available for capture for each year. Major tick marks are set at January 1, and minor tick marks are months.

FIG. 4 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 4. Additions of amphibian species over time. (A) Geographic heat map and point cluster of new species described between 2016 and 2020. The countries with the highest numbers of new species in this time period are China (100 species), Brazil (95 species), Ecuador (67 species), Madagascar (56 species), and Peru (56 species). Inset graphs indicate the cumulative number of new species described by region between 2007 and 2020; years 2016–2020 are highlighted with the blue rectangle; y-axis scale indicated for Latin America is the same for all insets. Total cumulative number of (B) species and (C) genera in AmphibiaWeb taxonomy database, split by order. (D) Cumulative numbers of formal and unspecified (informal) species names in the GenBank Taxonomy database. Examples of unspecified names are ''Hyla cf areniCOlOr'' or ''Hyla sp. B.'' See supplemental data files for data used to generate this figure (see Data Accessibility).

FIG. 3 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 3. Images of several new species described in the last five years. (A) IChthyOPhiS benjii from Mizoram, India (Lalremsanga et al., 2021), photo by Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga; (B) HydrOManteS SaMWeli (Bingham et al., 2018), holotype from Shasta County, CA, USA, photo copyright Robert Hansen; (C) NaSUtiXalUS MedOGenSiS (Jiang et al., 2016), holotype from Medog, Tibet, China, photo by Ke Jiang; (D) Rhinella lilyrOdriGUeZae (Cusi et al., 2017), holotype from Cordillera Azul National Park, Perú, photo copyright Anton Sorokin; (E) PriStiMantiS VerrUCOlatUS (Páez and Ron, 2019), holotype from Azuay Province, Ecuador, photo by Santiago Ron; (F) Mini MUM (Scherz et al., 2019), holotype from Manombo Special Reserve, Madagascar, photo by Mark Scherz.

FIG. 7 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 7. The (A) cumulative amount of data and (B) number of studies in the Sequence Read Archive, separated by model (AMbyStOMa MeXiCanUM, XenOPUS laeViS, XenOPUS trOPiCaliS) and non-model (all other) species. (C) Total number of species represented in the Sequence Read Archive. Years missing data points indicate that no data were submitted that year for that order.

FIG. 6 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 6. (A) Cumulative number and (B) size of sequenced amphibian genomes by year. The blue box highlights the years 2016–2020.