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opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Trade-off between dispersal traits in a heterocarpic plant across its invasion route

Dispersal ability can vary across plant species or populations, such as among core compared to leading populations of invasive plants. However, in heterocarpic plants, which produce propagules with varying dispersal abilities, dispersal potential can also increase via investment in the proportion of dispersing morphs (termed dispersal rate). Nevertheless, very little is known about the interplay between investment in dispersing structures vs. dispersal rate or how each is affected by varying environmental pressures. Methods This study examined the interplay between investment in dispersing structures and dispersal rate across the invasion route of the heterocarpic plant Heterotheca subaxillaris. H. subaxillaris's capitula were collected from eight populations along its invasion route in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal plain. The dispersal ability of dispersing pappus-bearing achenes was measured as the ratio between their pappus width and biomass. The dispersal rate was calculated as the ratio between the number of dispersing achenes and total achenes per capitulum. Key Results The dispersal ability of the dispersing achenes and dispersal rate were found to be negatively correlated across H. subaxillaris' populations, with a greater investment in pappus length in populations at the leading edge of the invasion compared to a greater number of dispersing achenes in core populations. Conclusions Our results suggest a trade-off might exist between dispersal ability and dispersal rate, which could change along the invasion route of heterocarpic plants such as H. subaxillaris and contribute to their invasive success. This study highlights the importance of examining both dispersal traits when studying the dispersal potential of heterocarpic species.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Border Interceptions Reveal Novel Bridgehead Effects on Global Dispersal of Insects

Supplemental data - including raw and processed data from intercepting agencies, native range information and code for the analysis of the final data.

Figure 5 in Offspring sex and maternal effects influence the development and natal dispersal of an arboreal marsupial

Figure 5.—The age (a) and weight (b) at which movement and development milestones were reached by brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), based on sex. ***Indicates significance; ^phase only relevant to males.

Figure 4 in Offspring sex and maternal effects influence the development and natal dispersal of an arboreal marsupial

Figure 4.—The relationship between age at which juvenile brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) ceased sheltering with their mother (age at independence) and age at sexual maturity.

Figure 3 in Offspring sex and maternal effects influence the development and natal dispersal of an arboreal marsupial

Figure 3.—The percentage of previously unfamiliar shelter sites used by brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) during their exploratory stage (± 1 SE). *Indicates significance (P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2 in Offspring sex and maternal effects influence the development and natal dispersal of an arboreal marsupial

Figure 2.—The percentage of new shelter sites used by mother brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) when they had either female or male young-at-foot (± 1 SE).

opennotspecifiedFeb 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Exploring the potential of brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) as a long-distance seed disperser: a pilot study in South-Western Europe

Figure 2: Summer (continuous line) and fall (dashed line) average distance covered by Balou (black diamonds) and Sarousse (gray triangles) over an 18 h period. This time covers gut retention time (GRT) according to Elfström et al. (2013). For a berry-based diet, median GRT50% is 5 h 47 min long and for a carcass-based diet, it is 14 h 30 min. Ninety-five percent CI have been deleted for better readability but can be found in Table 5.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2016View details →

Figure 1 in Exploring the potential of brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) as a long-distance seed disperser: a pilot study in South-Western Europe

Figure 1: Western and central core brown bear subpopulations in the Pyrenees mountains from 2008 to 2012 and locations (full grey circles) of faeces used in our pilot study and collected by the Brown Bear Network.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

THz optical solitons from dispersion-compensated antenna-coupled planarized ring quantum cascade lasers

Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) constitute an intriguing opportunity for the production of on-chip optical Dissipative Kerr Solitons (DKS): self-organized optical waves which can travel while preserving their shape thanks to the interplay between Kerr effect and dispersion. Originally demonstrated in passive microresonators, DKS were recently observed in mid-IR ring QCL paving the way for their achievement even at longer wavelengths. To this end we realized defect-less THz ring QCLs featuring anomalous dispersion leveraging on a technological platform based on waveguide planarization. A concentric coupled-waveguide approach is implemented for dispersion compensation whilst a passive broadband bullseye antenna improves the device power extraction and far field. In these devices, comb spectra featuring sech2 envelopes are presented for free-running operation. This first hint of the presence of solitons is further supported by the observation of highly hysteretic behaviour and by phase-sensitive measurements which show the presence of self-starting 12 ps-long pulses in the reconstructed time profile of the emission intensity. These observations are in very good agreement with our numeric simulations based on a Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation time-domain solver. Such devices constitute a new experimental platform for the study of soliton phenomena in the THz range, allowing as well on-chip, passive ultrashort THz pulse generation appealing for a variety of applications.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Dataset from Paper "Simultaneously Incorporating Atomically Dispersed Co-Nx sites with Graphitic Carbon Layer-Wrapped Co9S8 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Electrolyte" DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300110

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Authors:</td> <td>Jun Wu, Mengjun Gong, Wuyi Zhang, Asad Mehmood, Jinfeng Zhang, Ghulam Ali, Anthony Kucernak</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Title:</td> <td>Simultaneously Incorporating Atomically Dispersed Co-Nx sites with Graphitic Carbon Layer-Wrapped Co9S8 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Electrolyte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Journal:</td> <td>ChemElectroChem</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>DOI:</td> <td>10.1002/celc.202300110</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Supplementary Documents for Manuscript 'Investigating the use of two-dimensional OSL laser scanning instruments and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy for OSL exposure dating'

Appendix Data for Manuscript 'Investigating the use of two-dimensional OSL laser scanning instruments and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy for OSL exposure dating' - with added "Readme's" for relevant databases.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data for: Bet-hedging via dispersal aids the evolution of plastic responses to unreliable cues

Adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve when informative cues predict environmental variation. However, plastic responses can be maladaptive even when those cues are informative, if prediction mistakes are shared across members of a generation. These fitness costs can constrain the evolution of plasticity when initial plastic mutants use cues of only moderate reliability. Here we model the barriers to the evolution of plasticity produced by these constraints and show that dispersal across a metapopulation can overcome them. Constraints are also lessened, though not eliminated, when plastic responses are free to evolve gradually and in concert with increased reliability. Each of these factors can be viewed as a form of bet-hedging: by lessening correlations in the fates of relatives, dispersal acts as diversifying bet-hedging, while producing submaximal responses to a cue can be understood as a conservative bet-hedging strategy. While poor information may constrain the evolution of plasticity, the opportunity for bet-hedging may predict when that constraint can be overcome.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects

Seed dispersal is a fundamental process that is highly threatened by the rapid decline of large-bodied frugivores worldwide. The Brazilian Cerrado, the largest savanna in the world, represents an ideal site for investigating seed dispersal because of its biodiversity, environmental challenges, and knowledge shortfalls. We performed a Systematic Literature Review to analyze the seed dispersal network in the Cerrado and the potential impacts of the defaunation of large-bodied frugivores on it. We considered network metrics, calculated the defaunation index of the frugivore assemblage, and compared traits among different fruit-sized plants and their respective dispersers in the network. We retrieved 1,565 interactions involving 193 plant species and 270 animal species. Results show that the Cerrado seed dispersal network is slightly nested and considerably modular, dominated by small to medium-sized generalist species, such as passerines, marsupials, and mesocarnivores. Nonetheless, large-bodied frugivores like the lowland tapir have a key role in the network due to their great foraging and network integration capacity. The Cerrado frugivore assemblage is moderately defaunated, with possible effects in its interactions with large-fruited plants. The Cerrado's defaunation and functional loss of large vertebrates deserve urgent attention to further understand the impacts on seed dispersal mechanisms and ecosystem functioning.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data for Selfing species has greater genetic diversity and less structure than related outcrossing species due to seed dispersal and population history in Roscoea (Zingiberaceae)

Data matrix of two species with nexus format.

Figure 10 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 10. Palaeogeographic map of the Early Miocene, 20 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3). Siluridae have originated. Dashed arrows show the major dispersal routes of Gangesiinae. Range expansion of Siluridae into northern Africa allowed host-shifting into Malapteruridae. Dispersal and diversification of Gangesiinae, especially Gangesia, continued in the Indomalayan region and extended to north-east Asia. The rectangular box with an 'x' mark inside it indicates the absence of gangesiine tapeworms in catfish hosts. Sigmoid marks indicate the presence of Gangesiinae in catfish hosts.

Figure 8 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 8. Palaeogeographic map of the Late Aptian, 115 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3), showing the origin of the Siluriformes (catfishes) in South America with subsequent dispersal to Africa or an origin in Gondwana when Africa and South America were still united, followed by vicariance. The presence of siluriforms in India during this time is questionable. Siluriforms are absent from Eurasia at this time (see text for discussion). The '?' mark on the catfish in Africa indicates the uncertainty about the Gangesiinae in catfishes on that landmass at the time. The '?' mark on the Indian landmass (IND) indicates that it is uncertain if catfishes were present on that landmass at the time. Abbreviations: AUS, Australian region; INM, Indomalayan region; PAL, Palaearctic region.

Figure 9 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 9. Palaeogeographic map of the Middle Eocene, 40 Mya (C. Scotese, Palaeoatlas, v.3). Siluroid hosts of some major lineages of Gangesiinae are already present: Malapterurus in Africa, and Rita and Pangasius in Asia. Families of other siluroid hosts of Gangesiinae, such as Schilbeidae and Bagridae, have also originated by this time. Silurus is yet to appear. Gangesiinae have originated in the Indomalayan region by this time but are absent in Europe and Africa. Their presence in siluroids outside the Indomalayan region during this time is uncertain. Rectangular boxes with 'x' marks inside them indicate the absence of gangesiine tapeworms in catfish hosts. The '?' mark on catfishes indicates that the presence of Gangesiinae in these hosts is uncertain. Sigmoid marks indicate the presence of Gangesiinae in catfish hosts.

Figure 7 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 7. Present-day distribution of major lineages (genera) of Gangesiinae, showing varying levels of disjunct distribution in Electrotaenia, Gangesia, Postgangesia and Silurotaenia, and the endemic nature of other genera such as Pangasiocestus, Ritacestus and Vermaia.

Figure 6 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Gangesia mukutmanipurensis sp. nov. from Ompok bimaculatus. A, scolex, subapical view. B, scolex, dorsoventral view. C, detail of rostellum-like organ. D, sucker with coniform spinitriches on the outer rim. E, F, detail of outer rim of the sucker with coniform spinitriches. G, detail of capilliform filitriches on the rostellumlike organ. H, detail of coniform spinitriches on the rostellum-like organ. I, detail of gladiate spinitriches on the neck region.

Figure 5 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)

Figure 5. Line drawings of Gangesia mukutmanipurensis sp. nov. from Ompok bimaculatus (specimen accession number in parentheses). A, scolex, subapical view (ZSI/W11086/1). B, C, scolex, dorsoventral view (ZSI/W11085/1 and ZSI/W11082/1/1). D, frontal section of the scolex (ZSI/W11087/1). E, mature proglottid, ventral view (ZSI/W11084/1). F, terminal genitalia (ZSI/W11083/1/2). G, egg drawn in distilled water. Abbreviations: cc, chromophil cell; cs, cirrus-sac; doc, dorsal osmoregulatory canal; eh, embryonic hook; em, embryophore; ga, genital atrium; mi, microtriches; oc, osmoregulatory canal; oe, outer envelope; on, oncosphere; ov, ovary; re, retractor muscles; ro, rostellum-like organ; su, sucker; te, testes; up, uterine pore; va, vagina; vf, vitelline follicles; voc, ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs, vaginal sphincter.