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FIGURE 6 in A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies

FIGURE 6. Structural differences in dawn song elements. Between C. s. semifuscus, "a" notes, pre-trill notes ("b" and "c"), trill, and posttrill notes ("d" and "e"), C. "El Oro", the order of "c" + "b" notes in C. "El Oro" follow our comparisons with C. s. semifuscus (see Table 3 for descriptions per note) and C. f. phaeocephalus, notes "a" + "a1", notes "b", trill and notes "c". Bird artwork by Carmen Lu Páez.

FIGURE 4. A in A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies

FIGURE 4. A. Principal Components Analysis on male morphometric measurements (transformed values). B. Linear Discriminant Analysis on male morphometric measurements. The confusion matrix of the LDA correctly classified them in a 47.27% (jackknifed). Among the three individuals of C. "El Oro" in the confusion matrix, one was assigned to C. s. livingstoni and another to C. "Chimborazo"; the remaining individual was correctly assigned to its own group.

FIGURE 1 in A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies

FIGURE 1. Distribution and plumage of populations of the Chlorospingus semifuscus group in the northwestern Andes down to Angamarca river, and Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus in the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador with the putative southwestern populations in Ecuador. The map includes records (circles), geographic barriers (rivers, and Cajanuma Transversal Ridge), and the two sites with no records of the western populations (red crosses). Bird artwork by Carmen Lu Páez.

FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies

FIGURE 2. Maximum Clade Credibility tree based on ATP8‒6 and ND2, showing the relationships among taxa within Chlorospingus. Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp) indicate the support for major nodes; * is for 0.95 or higher Bayesian (pp).

FIGURES 105–112 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 105–112. Mniotype spp., female genitalia: 105, M. adjuncta adjuncta, Himalaya Mts, slide AV0776 Volynkin; 106, M. a. cineritia, paratype, Nepal, slide AV0791 Volynkin; 107, M. juldussica, neotype, Central Tien Shan Mts, slide 0328 Matov; 108, ditto, lectotype of Mamestra vicina, slide 0276 Matov; 109, ditto, Tajikistan, Gissarsky Ridge, slide AV0697 Volynkin; 110, M. kobyakovi, paratype, Altai Mts, AV0722 Volynkin; 111, ditto, paratype, Altai Mts, slide AV0766 Volynkin; 112, M. bathensis, lectotype of Hadena adusta var. moesta, slide GB7870f Behounek.

FIGURES 113–120 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 113–120. Mniotype spp., female genitalia: 113, M. bathensis, South Siberia, slide AV0725 Volynkin; 114, M. aulombardi, paratype, Taiwan, slide 8144f Behounek; 115, M. anilis anilis, France, slide GB8142f Behounek; 116, M. a. sylvatica, Corsica, slide AV0787 Volynkin; 117, M. dubiosa dubiosa, paralectotype, "Mustagata Yarkend", slide 7659; 118, ditto, SE Kazakhstan, slide AV0878 Volynkin; 119, M. d. amitayus, paratype, W China, Tibet Plateau, slide AV0777 Volynkin; 120, M. krisztina, China, Tibet, slide hhl-2271-2 Han.

FIGURES 97–104 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 97–104. Mniotype spp., female genitalia: 97, M. lama lama, Kyrgyzstan, slide AV0033 Volynkin; 98, M. l. kortka, paratype, SE Kazakhstan, slide AV1122 Volynkin; 99, M. l. etugen, paratype, W Mongolia, slide AV0673 Volynkin; 100, M. l. ayubaevorum, paratype, Altai Mts, slide AV0505 Volynkin; 101, M. adusta adusta, Altai Mts, slide AV0724 Volynkin; 102, M. a. poltavskyi, paratype, N Caucasus, slide 0296 Matov; 103, M. a. sommeri, Iceland, slide 0294 Matov; 104, M. adjuncta adjuncta, holotype, Dalhousie, slide A. Giusti (© BMNH) (photo by A. Giusti).

FIGURES 81–86 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 81–86. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: 81, M. dubiosa dubiosa, lectotype, Muztagh-Ata Mt., slide MB 355 Boursin; 82, M. d. dubiosa, Kyrgyzstan, slide AV0693 Volynkin; 83, M. d. amitayus, holotype, China, Tibet Plateau, slide 3210 Gyulai; 84, M. d. amitayus, paratype, Bhutan, Prov. Paro, slide AV1116 Volynkin; 85, M. krisztina, W China, slide hhl-2162-1 Han; 86, M. krisztina, W China, slide hhl-2272-1 Han.

FIGURES 87–96 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 87–96. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: carina. 87, M. lama lama, Kyrgyzstan, slide AV0681 Volynkin; 88, M. adusta adusta, E Kazakhstan, slide AV0713 Volynkin; 89, M. adjuncta adjuncta, Pakistan, slide AV0792 Volynkin; 90, M. juldussica, Tajikistan, slide AV0796 Volynkin; 91, M. kobyakovi, paratype, Altai Mts, slide AV0744 Volynkin; 92, M. bathensis, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0513 Volynkin; 93, M. aulombardi, Taiwan, slide AV0786 Volynkin; 94, M. anilis anilis, Italy, Reg. Lazio, slide GB8141m Behounek; 95, M. dubiosa dubiosa, E Kazakhstan, slide AV0680 Volynkin; 96, M. krisztina, China, Tibet, slide hhl-2506-1 Han.

FIGURES 75–80 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 75–80. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: 75, M. bathensis, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0513 Volynkin; 76, M. bathensis, Russian Far East, Kurile Islands, slide AV0735 Volynkin; 77, M. aulombardi, Taiwan, slide 0259 Matov; 78, M. aulombardi, Taiwan, slide AV0786 Volynkin; 79, M. anilis anilis, France, Alpes-Maritimes, slide AV0789 Volynkin; 80, M. a. sylvatica, France, Corsica, slide AV0788 Volynkin.

FIGURES 69–74 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 69–74. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: 69, M. adjuncta cineritia, holotype, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, slide AV0790 Volynkin; 70, M. a. cineritia, paratype, Nepal, Muktinath Himal, slide AV0774 Volynkin; 71, M. juldussica, Tajikistan, Gissar Ridge, slide AV0696 Volynkin; 72, M. juldussica, Kyrgyzstan, Alai Ridge, glyc. prep. Volynkin; 73, M. kobyakovi, holotype, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0692 Volynkin; 74, M. kobyakovi, paratype, China, Inner Mongolia, slide OP2277m Pekarsky (Photo by O. Pekarsky).

FIGURES 63–68 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 63–68. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: 63, M. adusta sommeri, Greenland, slide 0324 Matov; 64, M. a. sommeri, Iceland, slide 0293 Matov; 65, M. adusta? ssp., Turkey, slide AV0778 Volynkin; 66, M. adusta? ssp., SE Kazakhstan, slide 5838 Behounek; 67, M. adjuncta adjuncta, N India, Himalaya Mts, slide GB12103 Behounek; 68, M. a. adjuncta, Pakistan, Himalaya Mts, slide AV0792 Volynkin.

FIGURES 57–62 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 57–62. Mniotype spp., male genitalia: 57, M. lama ayubaevorum, holotype, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0457 Volynkin; 58, M. l. ayubaevorum, paratype, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0504 Volynkin; 59, M. adusta adusta, Russia, Moskow reg., glyc. prep. Volynkin; 60, M. adusta adusta, Russia, Altai Mts, slide AV0516 Volynkin; 61, M. adusta poltavskyi, holotype, Armenia, slide AV0732 Volynkin; 62, M. adusta poltavskyi, paratype, Armenia, slide AV0733 Volynkin.

FIGURES 51–56 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 51–56. Mniotype lama sspp., male genitalia: 51, M. l. lama, lectotype, Korla, slide GB7658m Behounek; 52, M. l. lama, Kyrgyzstan, Alai Ridge, slide AV0001 Volynkin; 53, M. l. kortka, holotype, SE Kazakhstan, slide AV1121 Volynkin; 54, M. l. kortka, paratype, SE Kazakhstan, slide AV1119 Volynkin; 55, M. l. etugen, holotype, W Mongolia, slide AV0666 Volynkin; 56, M. l. etugen, paratype, W Mongolia, slide AV0676 Volynkin.

FIGURES 41–50 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 41–50. Mniotype spp. adults: 41, M. anilis anilis, male, Italy, Lazio region (GBG/ZSM); 42, M. anilis sylvatica, male, France, Corsica (GBG/ZSM); 43, M. dubiosa dubiosa, lectotype male, "Mustagata Yarkend" (NKMB); 44, ditto, male, Tajikistan, Pamir Mts (ZISP); 45, ditto, female, SE Kazakhstan (AVB); 46, M. dubiosa amitayus, holotype male, China, Tibet Plateau (PGM); 47, ditto, paratype female, China, Sichuan Prov. (BBT); 48, ditto, paratype male, Bhutan (URK); 49, M. krisztina, male, China, Tibet Plateau (BBT) (Photo by B. Benedek); 50, ditto, female, China, Tibet Plateau (CAU).

FIGURES 31–40 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 31–40. Mniotype spp. adults: 31, M. kobyakovi, holotype male, Russia, Altai Mts (ZISP); 32, ditto, paratype male, Russia, Altai Mts (AVB); 33, ditto, paratype male, S Siberia, Tyva (MDS) (Photo by M. Dvořák); 34, ditto, paratype male, China, Inner Mongolia (ASV) (Photo by A. Saldaitis); 35, M. bathensis, male, Russia, Leningrad territory (ZISP); 36, ditto, female, lectotype of Hadena adusta var. moesta, East Siberia, Yablonovoi Ridge (NKMB); 37, ditto, female, Kurile Islands (ZISP); 38, ditto, male, same locality (ZISP); 39, M. aulombardi, paratype female, Taiwan (GBG/ZSM); 40, ditto, male, Taiwan (HMHN).

FIGURES 21–30 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 21–30. Mniotype spp. adults: 21, M. adusta sommeri, male, Iceland (ZISP); 22, ditto, female, Iceland (ZISP); 23, M. adjuncta adjuncta, holotype female, Dalhousie, NW Himalaya (© BMNH) (photo by A. Giusti); 24, ditto, female, Pakistan, Himalaya Mts (HMNH); 25, M. adjuncta cineritia, holotype male, Nepal (HMNH); 26, ditto, paratype female, Nepal (BBT); 27, M. juldussica, neotype female, Central Tien Shan Mts (ZISP); 28, M. juldussica, female, lectotype of Mamestra vicina, Tien Shan Mts (ZISP); 29, M. juldussica, male, Tajikistan, GissarskyRidge (ZISP); 30, M. juldussica, female, Kyrgyzstan, Alai Ridge (ZISP).

FIGURES 11–20 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 11–20. Mniotype spp. adults: 11, M. lama ayubaevorum, holotype male, Russia, Altai Mts (ZISP); 12, ditto, paratype male, Russia, Altai Mts (ZISP); 13, ditto, paratype female, Russia, Altai Mts (AVB); 14, ditto, paratype female, Russia, Altai Mts (AVB); 15, M. adusta adusta, male, Germany (GBG/ZSM); 16, ditto, female, Russia, Minussinsk (ZISP); 17, M. a. poltavskyi, holotype male, Armenia (SZMN); 18, ditto, paratype female, Russia, North Osetia (ZISP); 19, M. adusta? ssp., Turkey (HMNH); 20, M. adusta? ssp., SE Kazakhstan, (GBG/ZSM).

FIGURES 1–10 in A review of the Palaearctic Mniotype adusta (Esper, 1790) species-group with description of a new species and six new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

FIGURES 1–10. Mniotype lama sspp. adults: 1, M. l. lama, lectotype male, Korla (NKMB); 2, ditto, female, Kyrgyzstan (ZISP); 3, ditto, male, China, Xinjiang (ASV) (Photo by A. Saldaitis); 4, M. l. kortka, holotype male, SE Kazakhstan (BBT); 5, ditto, paratype female, same locality (BBT); 6, ditto, paratype female, same locality (BBT). 7, M. l. etugen, holotype male, W Mongolia, (ZISP); 8, ditto, paratype male, W Mongolia (AVB); 9, ditto, paratype male, W Mongolia (AVB); 10, ditto, paratype female, W Mongolia (ZISP).