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Fig. 3 in Taxonomy of the genus Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from the Oriental Region, with the description of two new species

Fig. 3. Neopanorpa xingmini Wang & Hua sp. nov., paratypes (NWAU). A, C–L. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Abdomen, left-lateral view. E. Apical portion of epandrium, ventral view. F. Hypovalves, caudal view. G–H. Genital bulb, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. I. Epandrium and hypandrium, right-lateral view. J. Left gonostylus, ventral view. K–L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and right-lateral views, respectively. – B, M–N. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. M. Subgenital plate, ventral view. N. Medigynium, ventral view.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 3. Trees constructed using maximum likelihood (above) and Bayesian inference (below) and based on 29 haplotype sequences (658bp) of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene of specimens currently identified as Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) and one as Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941). Each label corresponds to one roman letter which encompasses all sequences from a haplotype (for more details see Table 3). A, Lasioglossum medinai; B–D: Lasioglossum villosulum. Label highlighted in blue corresponds to L. berberum. This phylogenetic tree is rooted using Lasioglossum bluethgeni Ebmer, 1971 as outgroup (label III, voucher AP222). Bootstrap support (%) and posterior probabilities are given at nodes.

Fig. 10. Halictus villiersi Benoist, 1941 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 10. Halictus villiersi Benoist, 1941, holotype, ♀. A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. First tergum. E. Metasoma.

Fig. 18 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 18. Punctation of the first tergum of females. A. Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) (France: Uchaux). B. L. villosulum (Kirby, 1802) (France: Visan).

Fig. 14. Lasioglossum villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 14. Lasioglossum villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008, ♂ (UAE). A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. First tergum. E. Metasoma.

Fig. 9. Halictus rufotegularis Cockerell, 1938 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 9. Halictus rufotegularis Cockerell, 1938, holotype, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head. C. Scutum. D. Propodeum. E. First tergum. F. Metasoma.

Fig. 12. Heads. A in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 12. Heads. A. Lasioglossum villosulum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), ♀ (France, Allier). B. L. medinai, ♀ (France, Vaucluse). C. L. villosulum trichopse (Strand, 1914), ♀ (Taiwan). D. Idem, ♂.

Fig. 17 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 17. Propodeum sculpture of females. A. Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) (France: Uchaux). B. L. villosulum (Kirby, 1802).

Fig. 16 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 16. Alignment of variable positions of the 18S rRNA gene of five astome ciliates isolated from the lumbricid earthworms. Boxes mark 25 nucleotide positions in which M. lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841) differs from M. varians (de Puytorac, 1954). The comparison with three outgroup species of Anoplophrya Stein, 1860 indicates that 19 out of the 25 variable nucleotide positions of M. lumrici are either plesiomorphies or possibly homoplasies.

Fig. 7 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 7. Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954), Slovak specimens in vivo. A, D. Ventral view of representative specimens, showing the typical body shape, localization of the fibrillar hook, the long rodlike macronucleus and two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. C. Dorsal view, showing the somatic kineties. The ciliary rows are narrowly arranged and are composed of very densely spaced basal bodies (left inset). E. Ventral view, showing a late divider. Scale bars: A, C–E = 50 µm; B = 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 2. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the fibrillar hook as well as the contractile vacuole and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The hook is composed of two unequally long arms: the longer arm is flat and 25–35 µm long, while the shorter arm appears slightly more robust at the base and is 8–13 µm long. D–E. Lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture in the posterior body region. F. Ventral view, showing the general body organization. G. The cytoplasm contains innumerable granules being ca 0.4 µm across and rod-like bacteria being about 3–15 µm long. Scale bars: A, F = 50 µm; B = 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 1. Map of Slovakia showing the localization of six collection sites (marked by black dots). A schematized outline of Bratislava City is depicted left of the map of Slovakia. Rectangles A and B indicate the two Bratislava study areas, whose details are shown in panels (A) and (B) under the map of Slovakia. For locality codes and further details, see Table 1.

Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 6. Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the localization of fibrillar hook, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The longer arm of the hook measures on average 30 µm, while the shorter arm only 11 µm. D–E. The macronucleus is rodlike and accompanied by an elliptical micronucleus. F–I. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. There are two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles arranged along the left and right side of the macronucleus. Drawn to scale. J. Ventral view, showing a late divider. Scale bars: A, F–J = 50 µm; B = 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 3. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B, F–M. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. Drawn to scale. C–E. The macronucleus is rod-like and its surface is smooth or with some indistinct irregularities. However, many small vesicules appear in its vicinity in dying cells. The micronucleus is elliptical and typically situated close to the mid-portion of the macronucleus. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B, F–M = 100 µm.

Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 4. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A–B. Ventral view of representative specimens, showing the typical body shape, localization of the fibrillar hook, the long rod-like macronucleus and two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). C–D. Detail, showing the long rod-like macronucleus, a single micronucleus, contractile vacuoles and cytoplasmic bacteria. The central region of the micronucleus appears homogenous and brighter than its margin in the differential interference optics and might represent a central nucleolus. E–F. Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of very densely ciliated meridional kineties. In the posterior body region, lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture (arrow in E), whose detail is shown in the left inset. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C–D = 10 µm; E–F = 20 µm.

Fig. 5. A–B in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 5. A–B. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. Details of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. The somatic kineties above the suture run towards the anterior body end where they curve onto the dorsal body side to meridionally extend over its surface towards the posterior body end. On the other hand, the somatic kineties below the suture run meridionally over the ventral side towards the posterior body end. The ventral somatic kineties are lined with fibers attached to the fibrillar hook. Scale bars: 20 µm.

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Figure 2 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity

Figure 2. Distinctive morphological characters of the Monstrilloid copepods described from Brazil: (A) Cymbasoma rochai male genital complex showing spiniform processes; (B) C. rochai female fifth leg and ovigerous spines; (C) Monstrilla careli female fifth leg, ventral view; (D) M. pustulata female forehead with integumental field of pustules; (E) same, fifth leg, ventral view; (F) M. satchmoi, bilobed female oral papilla, lateral view; (G) same, left antennule, dorsal view; (H) C. brasiliensis female fifth legs, ventral view; (I) same, right antennule, dorsal view; (J) M. bahiana male genital complex, lateral view; (K) same, ventral view showing lappets; (L) same male right geniculate antennule, dorsal view; (M) M. fosshageni male genital complex, semi-lateral view; (N) same, lateral view; (O) M. fosshageni male left geniculate antennule, dorsal view.

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Figure 3 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity

Figure 3. Distribution of species of the copepod order Monstrilloida: (A) Brazilian map showing the number of Monstrilloida species recorded from each state; (B) Monstrilloida species number by Brazilian marine ecoregions. State abbreviations: (AC) Acre, (AL) Alagoas, (AM) Amazonas, (AP) Amapá, (BA) Bahia, (CE) Ceará, (DF) Federal District, (ES) Espírito Santo, (GO) Goiás, (MA) Maranhão, (MG) Minas Gerais, (MS) Mato Grosso do Sul, (MT) Mato Grosso, (PA) Pará, (PB) Paraíba, (PE) Pernambuco, (PI) Piauí, (PR) Paraná, (RJ) Rio de Janeiro, (RN) Rio Grande do Norte, (RO) Rondônia, (RR) Roraima, (RS) Rio Grande do Sul, (SC) Santa Catarina, (SE) Sergipe, (SP) São Paulo, (TO) Tocantins.

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Figure 1 in TaXonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: the intriguing copepod order Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), taXonomy and diversity

Figure 1. Monstrilloid copepod species described from Brazil: (A) Cymbasoma rochai adult female, dorsal view; (B) Monstrilla careli adult female, lateral view; (C) same, dorsal view; (D) M. pustulata adult female, lateral view; (E) same, dorsal view; (F) M. satchmoi adult female, lateral view; (G) Caromiobenella brasiliensis adult female, ventral view; (H) same, dorsal view; (I) C. brasiliensis adult male, lateral view; (J) same, dorsal view; (K) Monstrilla bahiana adult male, dorsal view; (L) same, ventral view; (M) Cymbasoma rochai adult male, ventral view; (N) Monstrillopsis fosshageni adult male, lateral view. Illustrations modified from Suárez-Morales and Dias (2000, 2001), Dias and Suárez-Morales (2023), Suárez-Morales et al. (2020). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.