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FIGURE 4. Tanaecia julii duc T in Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam
FIGURE 4. Tanaecia julii duc T. Saito & Vu ssp. nov. A–B—PT J same location as HT, B—Ditto underside; C–D—♀ HT, D—Ditto underside; E—J T. j. indochinensis (Fruhstorfer, 1905) Thac Mai, Dong Nai, S. Vietnam, F—Ditto underside; G—♀ T. j. indochinensis same location; H—Ditto underside.
FIGURE 2 in Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURE 2 Phylogeny of Euptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
FIGURE 1 Summary tree based on the FULL dataset showing the major clades supported in this study. Colours are the same as in Espeland et al. (2019a). Support for major clades is shown. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend.
Data set and analytic codes supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia"
<p>This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia".</p> <p>We investigated how habitat structure and complexity within smallholding oil palm plantations affected resource-use behaviours of two common butterfly species in the study areas (oil palm plantations in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia): Leptosia nina (Pieridae) and Ypthima spp. (Nymphalidae). Using direct-observation methods we developed, we followed seven and nine individuals of each species respectively, for three minutes in smallholder-owned immature monoculture and polyculture oil palm, and mature monoculture oil palm plantations. We recorded distance travelled by each individual from both straight line and the sums of distances between all perching points, and the position and characteristics of each perch location, where the individual landed. We compared our observations to control runs, generated by pairing observed distances travelled, but selecting the direction for each movement at random. By comparing the distance travelled and characteristics of locations used by butterflies and paired control points across habitats, we assessed how individuals in the two species used the local environment and whether this differed with habitat structure and complexity.</p> <p>Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund funded MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) funded the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was granted by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).</p>
Alves, W. F./Connectivity and climate influence diversity-stability relationships across spatial scales in European butterfly metacommunities
<p>First release of the codes in support of 'Connectivity and climate influence diversity-stability relationships across spatial scales in European butterfly metacommunities'</p>
Fig. 6. Cisandina n. gen. immature stages, C. philippa n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Fig. 6. Cisandina n. gen. immature stages, C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0336: (a) penultimate instar in dorso-lateral view; (b) last instar in dorso-lateral view; (c) host plant of C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Taquara micrantha (Poaceae) in situ; (d) inflorescence material of (c); C. castanya n. sp. based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0188: (e) second instar in lateral view; (f) third instar in lateral view; (g) fourth instar in lateral view; (h) pupa in lateral view; (i) pupa in ventral view; (j) host plant of C. castanya n. sp., Olyra latifolia (Poaceae) in situ. Scale bar = 1 mm for a, b, e-g; 5 mm for h, i.
Fig. 4. Cisandina n. gen. female genitalia, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Fig. 4. Cisandina n. gen. female genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; illustration showing arrangement of signa below (not to scale); (b) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([a and b] based on dissection SN-20-53); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (c) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded; illustration showing arrangement of signa to right (not to scale); (d) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([c and d] based on dissection SN-20-11); C. castanya n. sp.: (e) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (f) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([e and f] based on dissection SN-20-13); C. fida n. comb.: (g) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (h) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([g and h] based on dissection SN-15-180); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (i) female genitalia
Fig. 7. Cisandina philippa n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Fig. 7. Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. head capsule illustration based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0336: (a) penultimate instar in frontal view; (b) last instar in frontal view. Cisandina castanya n. sp. head capsule illustrations based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0188: c) second instar in frontal view; (d) third instar in frontal view; (e) fourth (last) instar in frontal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 2. Cisandina n. gen. adults, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Fig. 2. Cisandina n. gen. adults, C. lea n. comb.: (a) male lectotype of Papilio lea in dorsal view; (b) male lectotype of Papilio lea in ventral view (associated labels to the right); (c) female lectotype of Papilo junia in dorsal view; (d) female lectotype of Papilo junia in ventral view (associated labels to the right); C. esmeralda n. sp., e) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (f) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (g) male indivdual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103081); (h) female individual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103092); C. castanya n. sp.: (i) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (j) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (BC-DZ-139); C. fida fida n. comb.: (k) male paralectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (l) female lectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); C. fida directa n. ssp.: (m) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (n) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (DNA voucher LEP-14650, but sequence not obtained); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (o) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (p) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP 103661); C. trinitesis n. comb.: (q) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (r) female allotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Fig. 3. Cisandina n. gen. male genitalia, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Fig. 3. Cisandina n. gen. male genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (b) posterior view of juxta; (c) lateral view of phallus; (d) posterior view of genitalic capsule indicating the reduced appendices angulares ([a to c] based on dissection KW-14-18, [d] based on dissection SN-20-16); C. esmeralda n. sp.: (e) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (f) posterior view of juxta; (g) lateral view of phallus (e to g) based on dissection SN-20- 14); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (h) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (i) posterior view of juxta; (j) lateral view of phallus ([h to j] based on dissection SN-20-34); C. castanya n. sp.: (k) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (l) posterior view of juxta; (m) lateral view of phallus; (n) vesica everted to visualize cornuti ([k to m] based on dissection SN-20-12, [n] based on SN-20-32); C. fida n. comb.: (o) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (p) posterior view of juxta; (q) lateral view of phallus ([o to q] based on dissection SN-20-40); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (r) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (s) posterior view of juxta; (t) lateral view of phallus ([r to t] based on dissection SN-14-149); C. trinitesis n. comb.: (u) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (v) posterior view of juxta; (w) lateral view of phallus ([u to w] based on dissection SN-20-84). Scale bar = 1 mm. Drawings of C. sanmarcos n. comb. are reproduced from Nakahara et al. (2018a).
FIGURE 7 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 7. Map of (a) site known as Pico da Bela Adormecida (Serra do Padre Ângelo), showing the recorded fire scar of the large-scale fire of September/October 2020, in one of the collecting sites of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov. (b) Part of the burned area with crops of Eucalyptus, coffee and pastures in the background. (c) Burned area at collecting site of A. rupicola gen. et sp. nov., at 1250m a.s.l. (d) Burned area at the uppermost part of the mountain, another collecting site of A. rupicola gen. et sp. nov.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 4. Wing venation of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov.. Sc = subcostal vein; R = radial vein; M = median vein; CuA = cubitus anterior vein; A = anal vein; Rs = radial sector vein; hv = humeral vein. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 1. Habitat of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Padre Ângelo, Pico da Bela Adormecida, quartzitic campo rupestre: (a) Overview of the mountain, (b) Collecting site at 1250 m a.s.l., (c) Uppermost part of the mountain, known as Pico da Bela Adormecida, at 1500 m a.s.l., (d) Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Parado, nearby Vista Alegre village, quartzitic campo rupestre. (e–f) Santa Rita do Itueto, Pedra de Santa Rita, granitic inselberg: (e) Overview and (f) Specific spot where most of the individuals of A. rupicola gen. et sp. nov. were observed.
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 3. Morphology of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov.: (a) Head in frontal view and (b) apex of the clavate antennae. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov.: (a) Lateral, (b) Dorsal, (c) Ventral, (d) Aedeagus, lateral, (e) Aedeagus, dorsal. t = tegume; u = uncus; g = gnathos; v = valva; s = anterior projection of the saccus; ct = cornutus; a = androconial tuft. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 2. Holotype male of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov.: (a) Dorsal and (b) Ventral. White arrows indicate key features on the wing pattern to easily recognize the species: a, d, e = monopupillated ocelli; b, c = irregular submedian and median lines. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 6 in A new genus and endangered species of euptychiine butterfly from isolated mountains in southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
FIGURE 6. Map of known occurrence of Agojie rupicola gen. et sp. nov. (a) Map of South America with Brazil highlighted in dark grey. (b) Map of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, highlighting the Atlantic Forest domain. (c) Map of the land use and cover of the sampled area. (d) Map of the fire frequency between 1985–2020 in the sampled area.
Macroecological patterns in European butterflies unveil strong interrelations between larval diet breadth, latitudinal range size, and voltinism
<p>Diet breadth is one of the fundamental species traits of an herbivorous insect, as it strongly determines its ecological niche and, at the same time, its ability to cope with changing environmental conditions. To what extent this trait is associated with other characteristics that may influence a species' ability to respond to environmental changes, however, is yet poorly understood. Using European butterflies as a model group of holometabolous insect herbivores, we here tested whether larval diet breadth is positively related with latitudinal range size (i.e., north-south extent of global distribution), voltinism, and adult body size. We further investigated whether range size, voltinism, and body size are associated with each other. In order to test for these relationships, we based our analyses on a solid, time-calibrated butterfly phylogeny as well as on an updated host plant database that reflects interactions between butterfly larvae and their food plants in a yet unparalleled breadth and depth. We further calculated two measures to reflect the fundamental dietary niche of a species: taxonomic diet breadth and phylogenetic diet breadth. Irrespective of diet breadth measure, we found that diet breadth increases with latitudinal range size. We further found an overall higher diet breadth for species that are capable of realising multiple broods per year (i.e., multivoltine species) compared to obligatorily univoltine species. Contrary to expectation, our results indicated a negative relationship between larval diet breadth and adult body size. Regarding our explorative analyses, we observed a positive link between voltinism and latitudinal range size, while neither one of these variables was associated with body size. Taken together, our study shows that larval diet breadth, latitudinal range size, and voltinism are positively linked in European butterflies, and we argue that these interrelationships are important in determining a species' overall potential to cope with changing environmental conditions.</p>
sRGB Reflectances from Iberian butterflies
<p>Data on wing reflectance (visible spectrum, mean standard RGB values (243.7= white, to 52= black) from 224 species of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea): 223 from the Iberian Peninsula and one (<em>Cyclyrius</em> <em>webbianus</em>) from the Canary Islands. Average of male and female, sample size as indicated in column n. The data from <em>C. webbianus</em> and <em>Cacyreus</em> <em>marshalli</em> are provided although these species were not included in our analyses of reflectance.</p>
Information Trapping by Topologically Protected Edge States: Scrambling and the Butterfly Velocity
<p>Data files, in the form of Mathematica mx files, for "Information Trapping by Topologically Protected Edge States: Scrambling and the Butterfly Velocity". Included are data for the OTOCs for two models. Parameters and models are given in the file names. For the Kitaev model the form is {System size, location of perturbation, {J_0, Delta_0, mu_}, {J_1, Delta_1, mu_1}, Invariant, Invariant} (The invariant is written twice at the end due to bookkeeping). For the SSH model 'pert' refers to the location of the unitary perturbation, 'edge' refers to OTOCs only calculated at teh system boundary, and 'longt' are data for longer times. See the paper for further details.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.184303">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.184303</a></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00527">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00527</a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.