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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Figure 1 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships of basal groups of Onchoproteocephalidea with focus on the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae based on the maximum likelihood analysis of the single gene lsrDNA (above) and COI (below) datasets. Nodal values depict SH-like approximated likelihood ratio test values (SH-aLRT) (10 000 replicates) followed by standard bootstrap values (1 000 replicates). Only values above 50 are shown. The subfamilies Acanthotaeniinae (green) and Gangesiinae (blue), along with the outgroups (grey), are set in colour.
Figure 2 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 2. Phylogenetic interrelationships of basal groups of Onchoproteocephalidea with focus on the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae based on the maximum likelihood analysis of concatenated lsrDNA + COI data. Nodal values depict SH-like approximated likelihood ratio test values (SH-aLRT) (10 000 replicates) followed by standard bootstrap values (1000 replicates). Only values above 50 are shown. The subfamilies Acanthotaeniinae (green) and Gangesiinae (blue), along with the outgroups (grey), are set in colour.
Figure 3 in The evolution of an ancient tapeworm lineage in its catfish hosts: vicariance, dispersal and diversification in Gangesiinae (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Figure 3. Simplified relationships among the genera of the subfamilies Gangesiinae and Acanthotaeniinae after collapsing nodes with SH-aLRT ≤ 80% and BS ≤ 70–80% on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 2. This simplified tree, having essentially similar topology once the poorly supported nodes on the lsrDNA tree are collapsed, provides the basis for discussions of historical biogeography.
Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert
<p>Under habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual-based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter-patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long-distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re-consideration of the eco-evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.</p>
Data for taxon-dependent effects of dispersal limitation versus environmental filters on bryophyte assemblages―Multiple perspective studies in land-bridge islands
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: To explore the taxon-dependent contribution of dispersal limitation vs. environmental filters to bryophyte assemblages.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span>: The Thousand Island Lake, China </span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon</span></strong><span>: Bryophytes</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: We compared the observed beta diversity with the expected values based on six null models (EE, EF, FE, FF, PE, PF) and detected the partial correlation of beta diversity with geographical distances. We quantified the contributions of spatial vs. environmental variables, and island isolation per se to species composition (SC) by using variance partitioning. We modeled the species-area relationships (SARs) for bryophytes and other eight biotas. To explore the taxon-dependent effects of spatial vs. environmental filters on bryophytes, sixteen taxa including five categories (total bryophytes, total mosses, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses) and eleven species-richest families were included in the analyses.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: The observed beta diversity values were significantly different from the predicted values based on the six null models for all 16 taxa. For all five categories, the observed partial correlations between beta diversity and geographical distance after controlling environmental effects were not only positive but also significantly different from the predicted values based on the null models. Spatial eigenvectors are more important in shaping SC than environmental variables for all 16 taxa except Brachytheciaceae and Anomodontaceae. Spatial eigenvectors contributed more to SC variation in liverworts than in mosses, and in pleurocarpous mosses than in acrocarpous mosses. The effects of island isolation on SC were significant for all five categories and varied </span><span>highly </span><span>at the family level. The z-values of the SARs for the five bryophyte categories were all larger than those of the other eight biotas.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong></span><span>: In subtropical fragmented forests, dispersal limitation exerted significant, taxon-dependent effects on bryophyte assemblages. It was dispersal limitation rather than environmental filtering that predominantly regulated SC patterns of bryophytes. </span></p>
The dispersal capacity of Mollusca - a test on the South Azorean Seamount Chain - supplementary material
<p>This study investigates the molluscan fauna of the South Azorean seamount chain (SASC), which comprises several seamounts culminating in 300-1600 m depth, separated by distances less than 200 km. Material was collected mainly by dredging and comprises mostly empty shells. A total of over 111 000 shells representing at least 439 species (409 identified) was collected. Larval development was inferred from protoconch morphology and the assemblage comprises species with planktotrophic larvae, with non-feeding planktonic larva and with lecithotrophic larvae with direct development. The direct developers are more prevalent among species endemic to the SASC in the upper bathyal part (300-800 m) of the seamounts, whereas most planktotrophic species are shared with the Lusitanian seamounts and/or the European mainland. Nevertheless, there are notable exceptions to this trend, where species with non-planktotrophic larvae are also widespread, and a large proportion of the species with non-feeding planktonic larvae are shared with Eastern and/or Western Atlantic. Level of endemism of Mollusca is high within the SASC (22.5% overall, 35.8% considering only the interval < 800 m) and even higher (32.6% overall) when considering together the SASC and the Azores. The generic composition and large set of overlapping fauna suggests a strong relation to the temperate Eastern Atlantic, whereas only 19% of the species are shared with the Western Atlantic.</p> <p>The occurrences of the species in each sampling location are detailed in supplementary Table S1, the list of species with their attributes is given in Table S2, and the list of species with their score in other areas of the Atlantic Ocean Table S3.</p>
Data from: Dispersal-induced social stress prolongs gestation in wild meerkats
<p><span>In the majority of mammals, gestation length is relatively consistent and seldom varies by more than 3%. In a few species, females can adjust gestation length by delaying the development of the embryo after implantation. Delays in embryonic development allow females to defer the rising energetic costs of gestation when conditions are unfavourable, reducing the risk of embryo loss. Dispersal in mammals that breed cooperatively is a period when food intake is likely to be suppressed and stress levels are likely to be high. Here we show that pregnant dispersing meerkats (<em>Suricata suricatta</em>), which have been aggressively evicted from their natal group and experience weight loss and extended periods of social stress, prolong their gestation by means of delayed embryonic development. Repeated ultrasound scans of wild, unanaesthetised females throughout their pregnancies showed that pregnancies of dispersers were on average 6.3% longer and more variable in length (52-65 days) than those of residents (54-56 days). The variation in dispersers shows that, unlike most mammals, meerkats can adapt to stress by adjusting their pregnancy length by up to 25%. By doing so, they potentially rearrange the costs of gestation during adverse conditions of dispersal and enhance offspring survival. </span></p>
Dataset of Larval dispersal simulations of marine benthic invertebrates around New Zealand
<p>Dataset generated from biophysical simulations modelling larval dispersal around New Zealand with OpenDrift and the Moana Hindcast Backbone from 15 different locations and 4 different maximum PLD lengths. </p> <p>Within each file, the first 2 columns are a particles starting co-ordinates, columns 3 and 4 are ending co-ordinates, column 5 was state at the end of simulations (contact Charles Michie for more information), and column 6 is the origin.</p> <p>Abbreviations for locations: LMR - Leigh Marine Reserve, CTC - Cathedral Cove, RKK - Rongokako, CST - Castlepoint, ISB - Island Bay, KAI - Kaikoura, SPO - Seal Point, HMB - Half Moon Bay, DBS - Doubtful Sound, JSB - Jackson Bay, CFW - Cape Foulwind, OKB - Okiwi Bay, CPE - Cape Egmont, PIH - Piha Beach, CPR - Cape Reinga (also called FRN - Far North elsewhere).</p> <p>Data will accompany the publication "Variation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New ZealandVariation in the dispersal of marine invertebrate larvae around coastal New Zealand" </p>
FIGURE 9. A in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 9. A stridulating male at the mouth of its burrow. The wide mouth of the burrow serves as an 'acoustic chamber' for amplification (Photo: J.J. Borg).
FIGURE 8 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 8. Correlation between atmospheric pressure and the count interval (difference in the count between successive, weekly observation periods) with trendlines for all points (grey) and when not considering the only outlier (blue).
FIGURE 1 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 1. Aerial image of the area of study and its surrounding terrain (Source: Google Earth—imagery 23/5/2021).
FIGURE 6 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 6. Sustained wind speed (main chart) and accompanying wind gusts (inset) are practically aligned, which indicates a quasi-constant wind during observation periods.
FIGURE 7. Humidity chart across observation periods with a range varying from 75 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 7. Humidity chart across observation periods with a range varying from 75% to 94%. Notwithstanding the high level of humidity registered on some days, no precipitation was recorded during or immediately prior to field sessions.
FIGURE 3 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 3. Abundance across the eleven weeks of field observations on the area of study and its immediate surroundings.
FIGURE 2 in An investigation of patch occupancy and dispersal by third to final instar nymphs of Brachytrupes megacephalus Lefèbvre, 1827 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) across the sand dune biotope at the Għadira Nature Reserve, Malta
FIGURE 2. The high concentration of individuals on the sand dune biotope patch devoid of trees demonstrates a preference for such habitat conditions (each orange dot represents a single sighting record).
Animations for Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean
<p>Animations associated with <em>Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean</em>. Please see the thesis text for animation explanations.</p>
ExtendedData Fig. 9 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 9 | Correlationbetweenseasonalityanddisturbance. At thelocallandscapelevel (a), seasonalityiscalculatedasthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperaturevaluesthroughouttheyearatthelandscapecentroid (n = 31). Highdisturbancemeans 50% of thestudylandscapeareaoverlaps areasofhighnatural (forexamplestorms,glaciers,fires) orAnthropogenic (for exampleforestloss).Boxplotsshowmedian,interquartile range,andwhiskers toextremevalues (outliersaredatapoints>1.5x quartiles).Statisticsarefrom atwo-sided Wilcoxon test.Atthespecieslevel (b), communitymeanvalues (n = 31), arecalculatedusingspecies' distributionalseasonalityanddisturbance scores.Disturbanceiscalculatedastheproportionof thespeciesbreedingrange whichoverlapsareasofhighnatural (forexamplestorms,glaciers,fires) or anthropogenic (forexampleforestloss) disturbance.Seasonalityiscalculated asthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperaturevaluesthroughoutthe year,averagedacrossallgridcellsinthespecies' breedingrange.Statisticsare fromalinearregressionwith Gaussianerrors;purplelineshowsmodelfit;shaded areais 95% confidenceintervals.
ExtendedData Fig. 8 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 8 | Relationshipbetweendispersallimitation (nHWI) anddiet. Datashownfor (a) 276 birdspeciessampledacross 18 temperate studylandscapes,and (b) 817 birdspeciessampledacross 13 tropicalstudy landscapes.Dietaryclasseswith <5 specieswereremovedfromtheanalysis.Diet classificationsarefrom Tobiasand Pigot110. F-statisticand P-valuearecalculated withatwo-way ANOVA.Boxplotsshowmedian,interquartile range,andwhiskers toextremevalues (outliersaredatapoints>1.5x quartiles).
ExtendedData Fig. 7 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 7 | Predictorsofdispersallimitationinbirds. Results shownareoutputsof phylogeneticleastsquaresmodelpredictingdispersal limitation (nHWI) acrossallbirdspeciessampled,includinglong-distance migrants (swallowimage,dark bars;n = 1034); onlyresidentspeciesandshort distance/partialmigrants (thrushimage,medium bars;n = 921); orresident speciesonly (pittaimage,palebars;n = 858). Panelspresentthreesetsofmodels withincreasingcomplexity:aunivariatemodelwithsinglepredictor (a,d), and multivariatemodelswithtwo (b,e) andthree (c,f) predictors.Eachpredictor iscalculatedatthespecieslevelbyaveragingacross landscapeswhereeach speciesispresent.Disturbance (red) iscalculatedastheproportionofspecies breedingrangewhichoverlapsareasofhigh natural (e.g. storms,glaciers,fires) oranthropogenic (e.g. forestloss) disturbance.Absolutelatitude (yellow) is calculatedasthecentroidlatitudeof thespeciesbreedingrange.Seasonality (blue) iscalculatedasthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperature valuesthroughouttheyear,averagedacrossallgridcellsinthebreedingrange. a–c, EffectsiZeestimatesaregivenwith 95% confidenceintervals;anegative effectindicatesreduceddispersallimitation (thatisincreased dispersalability). R2 and AICvaluesarecalculatedforfullsamplemodelsonly.d–f, Proportion of independentvariationexplainedbyeachmodelcovariate,calculatedusing hierarchicalpartitioning.
ExtendedData Fig. 6 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 6 | Driversoffragmentationsensitivitywithnatural disturbances. Resultsof Bayesianphylogeneticmixedeffectmodelspredicting fragmentationsensitivityfor 1564 birdpopulations (n = 1034 species). Populationswereclassifiedasfragmentationsensitiveiftheywereidentifiedas 'Forest-core' by BIOFRAG. Restrictedanalysisassignedfragmentationsensitivity onlyto 'Forestspecialists' (a); Expandedanalysisassignedfragmentation sensitivitytoboth ' Forestspecialist' and ' Forestassociated' species (b; see Methods).Bayesianposteriordistributionisshownabovetheline;effectsiZe estimateswithcredibleintervals (CI) belowtheline (68%: thickerrorbars; 95%: thinerrorbars).HigheffectsiZesindicateapositiveassociationwith fragmentationsensitivity;loweffectsiZesindicateanegativeassociation. Finchandhawksilhouettesindicatethatbothmodelswererunonacomplete sample. Historicaldisturbanceisabinaryvariable (1/0) calculatedusingnatural disturbance (forexamplefires,storms & glaciation) layersonly.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.