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FIGURES 33–38. Hermaeophaga belkadavi. 33 in New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea

FIGURES 33–38. Hermaeophaga belkadavi. 33, head, frontal view; 34, median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 35, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 36, spermatheca; 37, vaginal palpi; 38, tignum.

FIGURES 14–16. Arthrotus daliensis. 14 in New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea

FIGURES 14–16. Arthrotus daliensis. 14, aedeagus, ventral view; 15, aedeagus, lateral view; 16, spermatheca.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Early development of carbonate platform (Xisha Islands) in the northern South China Sea

It contains data about the concentrations of Ca, Ti, Th, Zr, and the mineralogical compositions for the Xisha carbonate platform.

FIGURES 45–47. Hermaeophaga korotyaevi. 45 in New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea

FIGURES 45–47. Hermaeophaga korotyaevi. 45, head, frontal view; 46, median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 47, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 39–44. Hermaeophaga dali. 39 in New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea

FIGURES 39–44. Hermaeophaga dali. 39, head, frontal view; 40, median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 41, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 42, spermatheca; 43, vaginal palpi; 44, tignum.

Figure 6 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 6. The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of 63 spirotrichous taxa, showing the position of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. (boxed), and the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa possessing midventral cirral rows (i.e. urostylids s.l.; branches are depicted by thick lines, and species names are highlighted in bold text). Nodal support for branches in the ML, Bayesian inference (BI), and neighbour-joining (NJ) trees are marked in order. Bootstrap values lower than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities lower than 0.70 are replaced with hyphens. Clades with different topologies in the NJ tree relative to the ML and BI trees are indicated with asterisks. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Phacodinium and Protocruzia were taken as out-group taxa.

Figure 3 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 3. Ventral (A, C, E, G) and dorsal (B, D, F, H) views of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. in morphogenesis (A–D) and regeneration (E–H), after impregnation with protargol. A, an early divider, showing the oral primordium (arrow) and fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowhead) of the proter. The double arrowheads mark the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which comes from the posteriormost FVT streak. B, the same specimen as shown in (A), showing the enlarged macronuclear nodules and the formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrows). C, an individual at a late stage of division, with all cirri developed; note the structures that will respectively form the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (arrowheads) and the delicate left ventral cirri (arrows). The double arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, the differentiating marginal row (arrows) and dorsal kineties; note that the macronuclear nodules are separating. E, F, an early reorganizer, showing the oral primordium (arrow in E), FVT streak (arrowhead), nonmigratory row (double arrowheads) and dorsal kinety anlagen; the arrows in (F) indicate the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows, which are derived within the parental structure. G, H, a middle-stage reorganizer, with a further proliferation of kinetosomes, showing the first frontal cirrus (arrow in G) generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, the basal bodies developed from FVT streaks (arrowhead), the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowheads), and the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows (arrows in H). Abbreviations: DK, dorsal kineties; DKA, dorsal kinety anlagen. Scale bars: 40 Mm.

Figure 2 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. from life. A, ventral view of a specimen. B, C, ventral view of slender and fat forms; the arrow indicates the wide and bright oral field. D, lateral view. E, F, lateral (E) and dorsal (F) views, showing the distribution of the granules; the arrows mark the granule rows near the base of each marginal cirrus, the arrowheads point to the granule rows along with midventral rows, and the double arrowheads mark the granule bands in the gap between the somatic kineties. G, H, showing the cortical granules (arrows), the fibres associated with cirri (arrowheads), and a dorsal cilium (double arrowheads). I, focusing on the oral field; note the paroral membrane (arrowhead) and the endoral membrane (arrow). J, the cortical granules (arrow) near the base of marginal cirri. K, lateral view of the posterior portion; arrows point to the enlarged postoral ventral cirri. L, globular lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Scale bars: 50 Mm.

Figure 1 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 1. Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. drawn from life (A–C, E–F) and after impregnation with protargol (D, G–J). A, ventral view of a specimen. B, different body shapes. C, section of the ventral infraciliature, showing the fibres associated with the postoral ventral cirri (double arrowheads) and the obliquely arranged left ventral cirri (arrow). D, distribution of cortical granules (arrow) near the marginal cirri. E, F, distribution of the cortical granules on the ventral (E) and dorsal (F) sides; the arrow indicates the granules along the nonmigratory row, and the arrowheads point to the granular rows along the dorsal kineties. G, left lateral side view of the infraciliature. H–I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views of the infraciliature; note the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (dashed lines), the frontal cirri (dashed lines), and the three dorsal kineties (arrows). J, ventral view of an early divider; the arrow indicates the oral primordium of the proter, the arrowheads mark the old endoral membranes in dedifferentiation, and the double arrowhead points to the oral primordium of the opisthe. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral rows; MVR, midventral rows; NMR, nonmigratory row; PM, paroral membrane; PVR, postoral ventral rows; RMR, right marginal row. Scale bars: 40 Mm (A–C, F–J); 15 Mm (E).

Figure 5 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 5. Photomicrographs of regeneration in Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, B, ventral views of middle reorganizers, showing the oral primordium (arrow in A), fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowhead); the arrow in (B) points to the undulating membrane anlagen. C, a middle-stage reorganizer; the arrow marks the first frontal cirrus generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, dorsal view of the same specimen, showing the anlagen for the left marginal row (arrow) and the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrowheads).

Figure 4 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, infraciliature of the ventral posterior portion, showing the nonmigratory row (arrow), the postoral (arrowheads), and the left ventral cirri (double arrowheads). B, infraciliature of an anterior portion, showing the frontal cirri (arrows), buccal cirri (arrowhead), and the undulating membranes (double arrowheads). C, left lateral view, showing the left ventral rows, and the left marginal row (arrow). D, dorsal kineties, in which kinetosomes become more densely spaced from left to right (arrows). E, dorsal view, showing the anterior portion of the nonmigratory row (arrowhead) and the right marginal row (arrow). F, nuclear apparatus, some with replication bands can be seen. G, H, ventral and dorsal views of an early stage divider, showing the undulating membrane anlagen (arrow in G), FVT anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which come from the posteriormost FVT streak (double arrowheads) of the opisthe. The arrows in (H) indicate the dorsal kineties anlagen. I, early divider showing the appearance of the oral primordium (arrow) and the enlarged macronuclear nodules of the proter. J, separating ellipsoid macronuclear nodules. K, L, ventral views of a late-stage divider (same specimen), showing the developed cirri of the proter (K) and the opisthe (L); the arrows indicate the migrating postoral and left ventral cirri, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. M, dorsal view of the same specimen shown in (K) and (L), showing the anlagen of the marginal rows (arrows) and the new dorsal kineties.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Mooreocrinus liaoi sp. nov. (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Outangdi Formation in Zhejiang, South China Block

A new crinoid species of the Order Cladida, Mooreocrinus liaoi Mao and Li sp. nov. , is described from the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Outangdi Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province, representing the first record of Mooreocrinus Wright & Strimple, 1945 in China. The presence of Mooreocrinus in the South China Block extends the palaeogeographic record of this genus and indicates it to be a cosmopolitan taxon. Three other ancient tectonically-separated areas that are now combined into the modern China mass (Sibumasu, Junggar, North China) do not contain any record of Mooreocrinus. Overall, there is low biodiversity of the Late Paleozoic crinoid faunas in the South China Block. Our new materials provide further evidence for diversity assessment of crinoid faunas in peri-Gondwana blocks.

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

FIGURE 3. Senegalia propinqua. A. Fertile branches. B in Senegalia propinqua (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), a new species from the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley in south-central Yunnan Province, China

FIGURE 3. Senegalia propinqua. A. Fertile branches. B. Terminal raceme with leaf primordia (arrows) at base of peduncles. C. Head (showing elongated receptacle, and flowers with pale-coloured calyx and corolla). D. New shoot showing spathulate stipules (arrows) subtending emergent leaves, and stem with dark reddish brown glandular hairs in narrow grooves. E. Vegetative bud, and branchlet showing numerous lenticels and scattered prickles. F. Leaf (with petiole broken so that petiole gland not visible). G. Leaflets (lower surface) showing main veins close to and parallel with upper margin. H–J. Petiole glands (plane view). K–L. Petiole glands (side view). Photos. Lin Bai

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

FIGURE 2. Senegalia propinqua. A. Habit. B in Senegalia propinqua (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), a new species from the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley in south-central Yunnan Province, China

FIGURE 2. Senegalia propinqua. A. Habit. B. Stems (inset: prickles scattered on mature branches). C. Branches. Photos. Lin Bai

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

FIGURE 1. Senegalia propinqua. A in Senegalia propinqua (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), a new species from the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley in south-central Yunnan Province, China

FIGURE 1. Senegalia propinqua. A. Leaf showing numerous leaflets per pinnae and position of petiole gland (thick arrow) and rachis gland (thin arrow). B. Leaflets (upper surface—left and lower surface—right) showing indumentum, vernation and main vein close to upper margin. C. Flowering branch with oblongoid heads in axils of mature and immature (arrowed) leaves. D. Stipules (outer surface— left and inner surface—right). E. Branchlet with minute, straight patent hairs and scattered prickles. F. Petiole glands (side view). G. Petiole glands (plane view). H. Flower (calyx and corolla opened artificially to expose gynoecium and numerous, free stamens). I. Corolla (abaxially—upper and adaxially—lower). J. Gynoecium showing densely hirsute ovary. K. Stamen. Drawn by Ding Han Cui (South China Botanical Garden); A, B, D–K are based on holotype and isotype specimens (L. Bai & Q. Tian BLSC-029); C is based on H. Zhu-Ge 10424 (SWFC [barcode 00007548]).

FIGURE 6. A–B. Lithacrosiphon cristatus. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 6. A–B. Lithacrosiphon cristatus. A) lateral view, introvert everted; B) hooks. C–D. Cloesiphon aspergillus. C) lateral view, introvert retracted; D) hook. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 20 µm; C, 2 mm; D, 20 µm.

FIGURE 4. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 4. A. Antillesoma antillarum, lateral view, introvert everted. B–D. Apionsoma misakianum. B) lateral view, introvert everted; C) lateral view, introvert retracted; D) hook. E–F. A. trichocephalus. E) head (white arrowhead - rudimental tentacle on dorsal arc.); F) hook. Scale bars: A–B, 5 mm; C, 2 mm; D, 20 µm; E, 100 µm; F, 20 µm.

FIGURE 2. A–B. Nephasoma pellucidum. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 2. A–B. Nephasoma pellucidum. A) lateral view, introvert everted; B) hook. C) Thysanocardia catharinae, lateral view, introvert everted. D) Themiste cymodoceae, dorsal view, introvert everted. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 100 µm; C–D, 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 1. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 1. A. Sipunculus nudus, dorsal view, introvert everted. B–D. Siphonosoma australe. B) lateral view, introvert retracted; C) head with tentacular apparatus; D) hooks. Scale bars: A–B, 10 mm; C, 3 mm; D, 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 5. A–C. Aspidosiphon elegans. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 5. A–C. Aspidosiphon elegans. A) lateral view, introvert everted; B) bidentate hook; C) conical hook. D–H. A. gracilis. D) lateral view, introvert half everted; E) anal shield; F) caudal shield (white arrowhead - caudal shield.); G) hooks; H) the base of hooks (black asterisk - bifurcated posterior edge of hooks). I–J. A. muelleri. I) lateral view, introvert everted; J) hooks. K–L. A. laevis. K) lateral view, introvert everted; L) hooks. M-Q. A. steenstrupii. M) lateral view, introvert everted; N) close-up view of the introvert with calcareous anal shield (white arrow, calcareous cap on anal shield); O) bidentate hook; P) bidentate hooks & papillae; Q) pyramidal hooks. R-S. A. tenuis. R) lateral view, introvert everted; S) hook. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 20 µm; C, 50 µm; D, 5 mm; E–F, 1 mm; G–H, 50 µm; I, 5 mm; J, 20 µm; K, 5 mm; L, 20 µm; M–N, 5 mm; O, 50 µm; P, 25 µm; Q, 50 µm; R, 5 mm; S, 50 µm.