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5,145 results for “CO₂”
Multiple co-occurring bioeconomic drivers of overexploitation can accelerate rare species extinction risk
<p>1. The unsustainable harvest of species for the global wildlife trade is a major cause of vertebrate extinction. Through the Anthropogenic Allee Effect, overexploitation to extinction can occur when a species' rarity drives up its market price, enabling profitable harvest of all remaining individuals. Even in the absence of rarity value, however, the harvest of other species can subsidize the overexploitation of a rare species to the point of extinction, a phenomenon termed opportunistic exploitation. These two pathways to extinction have only been considered independently, but many traded species experience them simultaneously.</p> <p>2. In this study, we develop a simple model that incorporates these mechanisms simultaneously and demonstrate that including multiple harvest strategies with market-based feedbacks fundamentally alters rare species extinction risk and the rate at which overexploitation occurs. As a pertinent case study, we consider the harvest of ground pangolins (<em>Smutsia</em> <em>temminckii</em>).</p> <p>3. Our results show that pangolin extinction was generally associated with high rarity value, the use of multiple harvest strategies, and the simultaneous harvest of a common species that has a fast life-history. Pangolin population depletion and short-term extinction risk were greatest when harvesters used a combination of pursuit and opportunistic (i.e. multi-species) harvest strategies.</p> <p>4. Policy implications. Our results suggest that feedbacks between multiple financial incentives to overharvest can exacerbate the risk of extinction of rare species. As a result, continuing to address AAE and opportunistic exploitation as separate extinction pathways may insufficiently capture extinction risk for many exploited species. Criteria for assessing extinction risk or harvest sustainability of exploited species should incorporate multiple drivers of harvest pressure, with an expanded focus on including species with high rarity value that are exploited in multi-species harvest regimes.</p>
Grandparental co-residence and grandchild survival in a pre-industrial population
<p>Although grandparents are and have been important alloparents to their grandchildren, they are not necessarily only beneficial but can also compete with grandchildren over limited resources. Competition over parental care or other resources may exist especially if grandparents live in the same household with grandchildren and it can be dependent on grandchild age. By utilising demographic data collected from historic population registers in Finland between 1761 and 1895 (study sample n = 4041) we investigate whether grandparents living in the same household with grandchildren are detrimental or beneficial for grandchild survival. Having a living but not co-residing grandmother or grandfather were both associated with better survival whereas having a co-resident grandfather was associated with lower chance of survival for infants (age < 1 year). Separating the effect between maternal and paternal grandparents and grandmothers and grandfathers revealed no differences in the effects between lineages. Negative effect of having a co-residing grandfather was not significant when grandfathers were separated for lineage-specific models. These results implicate that accounting for the co-residence status and child's age, grandparents were mostly beneficial when not co-residing with very young children and that having a co-residing grandfather at that age could be associated with lower chances to survive. Predictions made by grandmother hypothesis and resource competition both received support. The results presented here also offered comparison points to preindustrial and contemporary three-generational families.</p>
Dataset: Resource limitation has a limited impact on the outcome of virus-fungus co-infection in an insect host
<p>Infection by pathogens is strongly affected by the diet or condition of the prospective host. Studies that examine the impact of diet have mainly focussed on single pathogens; however, co-infections within a single host are thought to be common. Different pathogen groups might respond differently to resource availability and diverse infections could increase the costs of host defence, meaning the outcome of mixed infections under varying dietary regimes is likely to be hard to predict. We used the generalist cabbage looper, <em>Trichoplusia ni</em> and two of its pathogens, the DNA virus <em>T. ni</em> nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> to examine how nutrient reduction affected the outcome of mixed pathogen infection. We challenged insects with a low or high effective dose of virus, alone or combined with a single dose of fungus. We manipulated food availability after pathogen challenge by diluting artificial diet with cellulose, a non-nutritious bulking agent, and examined its impact on host and pathogen fitness. Reducing diet quantity did not alter overall or pathogen-specific mortality. In all cases, TniSNPV-induced mortality was negatively affected by fungus challenge. Similarly, <em>B. bassiana</em>-induced mortality was negatively affected by TniSNPV challenge, but only at the higher virus dose. Dietary dilution mainly affected <em>B. bassiana </em>speed of kill when mixed with a high dose of TniSNPV, with an increase in the duration of fungal infection when cellulose was low (high quantity). One pathogen dominated the production of transmission stages in the cadavers and co-infection did not affect the yield of either pathogen. There was no evidence that co-infections were more costly to the survivors of pathogen challenge. In conclusion, dietary dilution did not determine the outcome of mixed pathogen infection, but it had more subtle effects, that differed between the two pathogens and could potentially alter pathogen recycling and host-pathogen dynamics.</p>
Open access and international co-authorship: a longitudinal study of the United Arab Emirates research output
<p>Enriched data from Scopus used for the article: Open access and international co-authorship: a longitudinal study of the United Arab Emirates research output</p>
Co-designing conservation interventions through participatory action research in the Indian Trans-Himalaya
<ol> <li> <span>Community-based conservation, despite being more inclusive than fortress conservation, </span><span>has been criticized for being a top-down implementation of external ideas brought to local communities for conservation's benefit. This is particularly true for Changpas, the pastoral people of Changthang in trans-Himalayan India who live alongside unique wildlife. </span> </li> <li><span>Our main aim was to co-design conservation interventions through participatory action research. We worked with two Changpa communities, to understand issues faced by them. Subsequently, we co-designed context-sensitive interventions to facilitate positive human-nature interactions. We did so by integrating the PARTNERS (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Empathy, Responsiveness, Strategic Support) principles with the Trinity of Voice (Access, Standing, and Influence). </span></li> <li><span>In Rupsho, we facilitated focus group discussions (FGDs) led by the community. We found livestock depredation by wildlife was primarily facilitated by the weather. This led to co-designing of a new corral design which was piloted with seven households, safeguarding 2,385 pashmina goat and sheep. Approximating the value of each sheep/goat to be USD125, this intervention amounts to a significant economic protection of USDc.42,500 for each household. This is along with intangible gains of trust, ownership, and improved self-esteem. </span></li> <li><span>In Tegazong, a restricted area adjoining the Indo-China border with no previous research records, we worked with 43 Changpa people to co-create research questions of mutual interest. Wildlife presence and reasons for livestock loss were identified as areas of mutual interest. The herders suggested they would record data in a form of their choice, for six months, while they live in their winter pastures. This participatory community monitoring revealed nutrition and hypothermia to be a key cause of livestock death. Subsequently, we delimited two previously untested interventions: lamb cribs and provisioning of locally-sourced barley as feed supplement. The wildlife monitoring recorded the first record of Tibetan Gazelle <em>Procapra picticuadata</em>, outside of their known distribution, in Tegazong. </span></li> <li><span>We aim to highlight the benefits of co-designing projects with local communities that link research and conservation, while also discussing the challenges faced. Ultimately, such projects are needed to ensure ethical knowledge generation and conservation that aims to be decolonial and inclusive.</span></li> </ol>
Data from: Widespread extinctions of co-diversified gut bacterial symbionts from humans
<p><span>Humans and other primates harbour complex gut bacterial communities that influence health and disease, but the evolutionary histories of these symbioses remain unclear due to a lack of information about the state of the microbiota in ancestral primates. Here we show that hundreds of gut bacterial lineages co-diversified with primate species over millions of years, but that nearly half of these ancestral symbionts have been lost from humans. Analyses of thousands of metagenome-assembled genomes from humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and other non-human primates revealed significant co-diversification within ten gut bacterial phyla. Remarkably, 44% of the co-diversifying clades detected in African apes were absent from available human metagenomic data. In contrast, only ~3% of the clades displaying the weakest evidence for co-diversification and detected in African apes were absent from humans. This study identifies bacterial symbioses that predate hominid diversification, revealing accelerated extinctions of ancestral, co-diversifying symbionts from human populations. </span></p>
Double shrinking (DOSH), a regression-based algorithm for gene regulatory network inference from co-expression data
<p>Data for the preprint "Double shrinking (DOSH), a regression-based algorithm for gene regulatory network inference from co-expression data". The preprint is live on ResearchSquare: <a href="http://t.researchsquare.com/track/click/31114617/doi.org?p=eyJzIjoiWVJQQUYtT09mMXFoWnRoMGk0SlpQZTZqWWpJIiwidiI6MSwicCI6IntcInVcIjozMTExNDYxNyxcInZcIjoxLFwidXJsXCI6XCJodHRwczpcXFwvXFxcL2RvaS5vcmdcXFwvMTAuMjEyMDNcXFwvcnMuMy5ycy0yNzM4NjgzXFxcL3YxXCIsXCJpZFwiOlwiZDMzODNjZGNhNWNiNGE2Yjk5NWRkY2UyNmIyODI5NTlcIixcInVybF9pZHNcIjpbXCIzZGQwZTAxMmExMzk4NDhkNTAzYjI4ZTBiZmU1Y2QxMDcxNzhlZTgwXCJdfSJ9">10.21203/rs.3.rs-2738683/v1</a>.</p>
Data and code of co-created rooftop harvested rainwater study in AZ environmental justice communities
<p>See README</p>
Co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases among 40-year and above aged community members in three regions of Myanmar
<p>Data were collected from 660 community members in three Regions of Myanmar in 2019.</p>
Interactions between metabolism and growth can determine the co-existence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
<p>Most bacteria exist and interact within polymicrobial communities. These interactions produce unique compounds, increase virulence and augment antibiotic resistance. One community associated with negative healthcare outcomes consists of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. When co-cultured, virulence factors secreted by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> reduce metabolism and growth in <em>S. aureus</em>. When grown in vitro, this allows <em>P. aeruginosa</em> to drive <em>S. aureus</em> toward extinction. However, when found <em>in vivo</em>, both species can co-exist. Previous work has noted that this may be due to altered gene expression or mutations. However, little is known about how the growth environment could influence the co-existence of both species. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and experimentation, we show that changes to bacterial growth and metabolism caused by differences in the growth environment can determine the final population composition. We found that changing the carbon source in growth media affects the ratio of ATP to growth rate for both species, a metric we call absolute growth. We found that as a growth environment increases the absolute growth for one species, that species will increasingly dominate the co-culture. This is due to interactions between growth, metabolism, and metabolism-altering virulence factors produced by <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Finally, we show that the relationship between absolute growth and the final population composition can be perturbed by altering the spatial structure in the community. Our results demonstrate that differences in growth environment can account for conflicting observations regarding the co-existence of these bacterial species in the literature, provides support for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, and may offer a novel mechanism to manipulate polymicrobial populations.</p>
Data for: Variation in density, immune gene suppression, and co-infection outcomes among strains of the aphid endosymbiont Regiella insecticola
<p>Many insects harbor heritable microbes that influence host phenotypes. Symbiont strains establish at different densities within hosts. This variation is important evolutionarily because within-host density has been linked to the costs and benefits of the symbiosis for both partners. Studying the factors shaping within-host density is important to our broader understanding of host-microbe coevolution. Here we focused on different strains of <em>Regiella insecticola</em>, a facultative symbiont of aphids. We first showed that strains of <em>Regiella</em> establish in pea aphids at drastically different densities. We then found that variation in density is correlated with the expression levels of two key insect immune system genes (phenoloxidase and hemocytin), with the suppression of immune gene expression correlating with higher <em>Regiella</em> density. We then performed an experiment where we established co-infections of a higher- and a lower-density <em>Regiella</em> strain, and we showed that the higher-density strain is better able to persist in co-infections than the lower-density strain. Together, our results point to a potential mechanism that contributes to strain-level variation in symbiont density in this system, and our data suggest that symbiont fitness may be increased by establishing at higher density within hosts. Our work highlights the importance of within-host dynamics shaping symbiont evolution.</p>
Optimal control derived sensitivity-enhanced CA-CO mixing sequences for MAS solid-state NMR. Applications in sequential protein backbone assignments.
<p>Raw data pulse sequences and shapes for publication</p> <p><br> ## SEQUENCES ##<br> ./sequences_renamed<br> Pulse programs introduiced in this work. Previous pulse programs can be obtained from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7016441 or https://optimal-nmr.net/experiments.html</p> <p>## SHAPES ##<br> ./shapes_renamed<br> TROP shaped pulses for homonuclear 13C-13C homonuclear mixing discussed in this work. Heteronuclear shaped pulses can be obtained from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7016441 or https://optimal-nmr.net/sequences.html</p> <p>## RAW DATA ##<br> to decrease storage demands 3D-processed spectra were deleted and can be recovered using TopSpin command: ftnd 0<br> TopSpin NUS licence is required for processing of the NUS-sampled data. Transformed data can be obtained from authors on request.</p> <p># U-13C,15N,2H,1HN-SH3 sample at 55 kHz MAS<br> ./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/1<br> 1H saturation recovery</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/2<br> 1H hard pulse calibraton</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/3<br> 15N hard pulse calibration</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/4<br> conventional hNH with rampCP optimalization</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/5<br> sensitivity-enhahced se-hNH with TROP optimalization</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/11<br> 2D conventional hNH with rampCP </p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/12<br> 2D sensitivtiy-enhanced se-hNH with TROP </p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/13<br> CO hard pulse and hCO CP calibration</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/14<br> CA hard pulse and hCA CP calibration</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/27<br> CACO homoTROP power optimalization in sensitivity-enhanced se-hCACOHN experiment</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/28<br> CACO INEPT delay optimalization in conventional hcoCAcoHN experiment</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/31 to 38<br> comparison of hCANH experiment efficiency using combination of coherence transfer methods (rampCP, tmSPICE and TROP) for CAN and NN transfer (see experiment tiles)</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/41 to 45<br> comparison of hCONH experiment efficiency using combination of coherence transfer methods (rampCP, tmSPICE and TROP) for CON and NN transfer (see experiment tiles)</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/57 and 58<br> optimalization of selective CA and CO 90 and 180 pulse</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/59<br> COCA INEPT delay optimalization in conventional hCOcaHN experiment</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/60<br> COCA homoTROP power optimalization in sensitivity-enhanced se-hCOCAHN experiment</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/69<br> conventional 3D hCANH experiment using tmSPICE CAN transfer; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/70<br> sensitivity-enhanced 3D se-hCANH experiment using TROP transfer; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/72<br> conventional 3D hCONH experiment using tmSPICE CON transfer; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/73<br> sensitivity-enhanced 3D se-hCONH experiment using TROP transfer; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/74<br> sensitivity-enhanced 3D se-hCAcoNH experiment using TROP transfer and homoTROP; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/75<br> conventional se-hcoCAcoNH experiment using tmSPICE CN transfer and INEPT ‘out-and-back’ coCAco transfer; with water suppression before NH transfer, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/76<br> sensitivity-enhanced 3D se-hCOcaNH experiment using TROP transfer and homoTROP; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p>./JB.1p3mm.20221122.sh3.2H13C15N100pcbackexch/77<br> conventional 3D hCOcaNH experiment using tmSPICE CN transfer and INEPT ‘complete forward’ COca; with water suppression after first CP, 15% non-uniform sampled</p> <p><br> # U-13C,15N glycine at 16.5 kHz MAS<br> ./MAS_COCa_seTesting/62<br> sensitivity-enhanced se-hCACO experiment with homoTROP pulse without diagonal-phase control</p> <p>./MAS_COCa_seTesting/63<br> sensitivity-enhanced se-hCOCA experiment with homoTROP pulse without diagonal-phase control</p> <p><br> # U-13C,15N-fMLF at 20 kHz MAS<br> ./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/2<br> 13C direct excitation spectra</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/3<br> 13C and 1H hard-pulse calibration and HC CP optimalization</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/4<br> 15N hard-pulse calibration and HC CP optimalization</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/5<br> NCA rampCP optimalization</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/6<br> NCO rampCP optimalization</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/79<br> sensitivity-enhanced se-hNCACO with TROP pulses</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/83<br> sensitivity-enhanced se-hNCOCA with TROP pulses</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/87<br> conventional hNCACO with rampCP and DREAM mixing</p> <p>./jb.20211102_fMLF_3.2/87<br> conventional hNCOCA with rampCP and DREAM mixing</p>
Codes for "Co-firing biomass and coal with retrofitted carbon capture and storage ease China to achieve carbon neutrality and net negative carbon in power sector"
<p>Codes for “Co-firing biomass and coal with retrofitted carbon capture and storage ease China to achieve carbon neutrality and net negative carbon in power sector”</p>
Process development and analyses for the co-production of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1,4-pentanediol from lignocellulosic biomass
<p>The development of technologies for utilizing biomass has attracted attention because biomass can be produced sustainably worldwide. Biomass-derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which is a promising alternative to gasoline, has great market potential and a growing demand. However, in conventional biomass conversion processes, the minimum selling price (MSP) of biochemicals is not economically acceptable. Co-production of biochemicals can increase the economics of biomass utilization. Herein, we developed a process for coproducing MTHF and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) from lignocellulosic biomass. After biomass fractionation, cellulose and hemicellulose were converted to levulinic acid (LA), and lignin was used for heat and electricity generation. LA was then converted to γ-valerolactone (GVL). As a platform material for co-production, GVL was converted into MTHF and 1,4-PDO in each subsystem. The split ratio of GVL was controlled to efficiently produce MTHF and 1,4-PDO according to market conditions. Additionally, we performed a techno-economic and life-cycle assessment (TEA and LCA, respectively) for the developed process. The MSP of MTHF was calculated based on the TEA results, and the environmental impacts were quantitatively calculated based on the LCA results. We performed heat integration using pinch analysis and then reduced the energy requirement of the proposed process. The key cost drivers and environmental factors of the proposed process were identified via sensitivity analyses. Consequently, during the processing of 2,000 ton/day of corn stover (raw material of lignocellulose), the MSP of MTHF was calculated as $2.64/GGE (gasoline equivalent), and representative environmental impacts such as climate change and fossil depletion were calculated as -0.296 kg CO2 eq and -0.056 kg oil eq, respectively. <a name="_Hlk131691308"></a>As a result, we can increase the economics of commercial production of MTHF and 1,4-PDO with environmental sustainability. The proposed process can serve as a potential solution to the growing demand for the need for more sustainable biomass utilization.</p>
Dataset from Paper "Simultaneously Incorporating Atomically Dispersed Co-Nx sites with Graphitic Carbon Layer-Wrapped Co9S8 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Electrolyte" DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300110
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Authors:</td> <td>Jun Wu, Mengjun Gong, Wuyi Zhang, Asad Mehmood, Jinfeng Zhang, Ghulam Ali, Anthony Kucernak</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Title:</td> <td>Simultaneously Incorporating Atomically Dispersed Co-Nx sites with Graphitic Carbon Layer-Wrapped Co9S8 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Electrolyte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Journal:</td> <td>ChemElectroChem</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>DOI:</td> <td>10.1002/celc.202300110</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Dataset for "Charge transfer dynamics in Ar+ + CO"
<p>Dataset for "Charge transfer dynamics in Ar+ + CO"</p>
Open Data for publication Influence of the Time Scale on the Reaction Mechanism of CO Oxidation over a Au/TiO2 Catalyst
<p>The file contains the origianl raw data for publication:</p> <p>Influence of the Time Scale on the Reaction Mechanism of CO Oxidation over a Au/TiO2 Catalyst, Angewandte Chemie, 2023</p> <p>The data contains the IR spectra of the CO2 signal, the IR spectra at different temepratures (modulation experiments) and the IR spectra for different modulation periods at 50 deg C (modulation experiments), as described in the publication.</p>
Seasonality and strain specificity drive rapid co-evolution in a Ostreococcus-virus system from the Western Baltic Sea
<p>Marine viruses are a major driver of phytoplankton mortality and thereby influence biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other nutrients. Phytoplankton-targeting viruses are important components of ecosystem dynamics, but broad-scale experimental investigations of host-virus interactions remain scarce. Here, we investigated in detail a picophytoplankton (size 1 µm) host’s responses to infections by species-specific viruses from distinct geographical regions and different sampling seasons. Specifically, we used <em>Ostreococcus tauri </em>and<em> O. mediterraneus</em> and their viruses (size ca. 100 nm). <em>Ostreococcus</em> sp. are globally distributed and, like other picoplankton species, play an important role in coastal ecosystems at certain times of the year. Further,<em> Ostreococcus</em> sp. are model organisms, and the <em>Ostreococcus</em>-virus system is well-known in marine biology. However, only few studies have researched its evolutionary biology and the implications thereof for ecosystem dynamics. The <em>Ostreococcus</em> strains used here stem from different regions of the Southwestern Baltic Sea that vary in salinity and temperature and were obtained during several cruises spanning different sampling seasons. Using an experimental cross-infection set-up, we explicitly confirm species and strain specificity in <em>Ostreococcus</em> sp. from the Baltic Sea. Moreover, we found the timing of virus-host co-existence, was driver of infection patterns as well. In combination, these findings prove that host-virus co-evolution can be rapid in natural systems.</p>
Horizontal Magnetic Anomaly Accompanying with the Co-seismic EQL of M7.3 Fukushima Earthquake of 16 March 2022: Phenomenon and Mechanism
<p>The file named 'EQL video & camera scene on google earth.rar' contains the video of the EQL (16 March 2022 & 7 April 2011) and the picture of the moment of the EQLs and the corresponding Google Earth scenes. The file named 'geological data.rar' contains the geological map of Sendai city and surrounding zone. The file named 'original geomagnetic data(2011).rar' contains the original geomagnetic data of three stations (i.e., KAK, KNY and MMB) on 7 April 2011. The file named 'original geomagnetic data(2022).rar' contains the original geomagnetic data of three stations (i.e., KAK, KNY and MMB) on 16 March 2022. The file named 'The processed data and the corresponding matlab program.rar' contains the processed geomagnetic data of the three stations and the matlab program for visualization.</p>
MorFuzz: Fuzzing Processor via Runtime Instruction Morphing enhanced Synchronizable Co-simulation
<p>This deposit maintains the inputs generated by DifuzzRTL and MorFuzz binaries.</p> <p>Following is the paper abstract:</p> <p>Modern processors are too complex to be bug free. Recently, a few hardware fuzzing techniques have shown promising results in verifying processor designs. However, due to the complexity of processors, they suffer from complex input grammar, deceptive mutation guidance, and model implementation differences. Therefore, how to effectively and efficiently verify processors is still an open problem.</p> <p>This paper proposes MorFuzz, a novel processor fuzzer that can efficiently discover software triggerable hardware bugs. The core idea behind MorFuzz is to use runtime information to generate instruction streams with valid formats and meaningful semantics. MorFuzz designs a new input structure to provide multi-level runtime mutation primitives and proposes the instruction morphing technique to mutate instruction dynamically. Besides, we also extend the co-simulation framework to various microarchitectures and develop the state synchronization technique to eliminate implementation differences. We evaluate MorFuzz on three popular open-source RISC-V processors: CVA6, Rocket, BOOM, and discover 17 new bugs (with 13 CVEs assigned). Our evaluation shows MorFuzz achieves 4.4× and 1.6× more state coverage than the state-of-the-art fuzzer, DifuzzRTL, and the famous constrained instruction generator, riscv-dv.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.