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FIGURE 10 in A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
FIGURE 10. SEM images of Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982 (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, apical system; B, apical system; C, ambulacrum; D, tubercles. Abbreviations: gt = glassy tubercle, mt = miliary tubercle, pt = primary tubercle. Other abbreviations as in Fig. 2.
FIGURE 13 in A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
FIGURE 13. Live specimen of Fibularia japonica (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, enlarged view of aboral surface of anterior ambulacrum. White arrow indicates black pigments.
FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C in A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
FIGURE 9. Fibularia japonica Shigei, 1982. A–C, holotype (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-16T, Sagami Bay). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–I, a non-type specimen (NSMT E-10390, Sagami Bay); D–F, SEM images of the test; D, aboral view; E, oral view; F, left lateral view; G–I, plate patterns of the test; G, aboral view; H, oral view; I, left lateral view. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Orientations: ab = aboral side; ant = anterior; or = oral side; post = posterior.
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 4. Different morphologies of stalk synarthries. A–C: Bourgueticrinus-type; D: Conocrinus-type; E-F: Porphyrocrinus-type; A, E-F: from dististele; B-D: from mesistele; A: Zeuctocrinus gisleni, MNHN-IE-2016-743; B, F: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-744; C: Bathycrinus australis, ZSM-20043081; D: Democrinus japonicus, paratype, ZMC CRI 62; E: Porphyrocrinus verrucosus, NHMUK 2018.2; Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-744.
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 1. Main characters used here in our revision of the genus Conocrinus and closely related taxa. A: oblique distal view of the aboral cup and arm articulations (muscular synarthries), B: columnal from the distal mesistele with Conocrinus-type articulation (ligamentary synarthry). A: Democrinus parfaiti, MNHN-IE-2016-747, B: Democrinus sp., MNHN-IE-2016-562; ap: axial plug, cr: interradial crest, fr: fulcral ridge, g: adoral groove, ib: interradial bend of inner side of radials, il: inner ligament area, lp: ligament pit, m: muscle fossae, ol: outer ligament fossae.
FIGURE 12 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 12. Constraints to phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of post-Paleozoic crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk (except Caledonicrinus): second hypothesis. In this hypothesis, B. ellipticus (B.e) and B. fisheri (B.fish) are considered congeneric, Bourgueticrinidae (including Naumachocrinus) remaining within Bourgueticrinina, and Dunnicrinus lineage with B. suedicus (?B.s) + B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008) (?B.cf) corresponding to a new family (N.F.?) distant to Bourgueticrinina. For other abbreviations, see Fig. 11.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 3. Knobby processes on primibrachials in some extant taxa. A: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-745, adoral lateral view of IBr2ax; Monachorinus mortenseni, MNHN-IE-2016-779, adoral lateral view of knobby process on upper IBr1; Rhizocrinus lofotensis, MNHN-IE-2013-1322, adoral lateral view of IBr2. Arrows in A and C point at knobby processes.
FIGURE 7 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 7. Characters of Paraconocrinus n. gen. A–F: Paraconocrinus handiaensis, lower Handia cliff, Biarritz, A–C: holotype, MNHN.F.A69940; D–E: paratype A, MNHN.F.A699641; F: paratype B, MNHN.F.A69942; G–I: Paraconocrinus pellati n. gen., n. sp., holotype, "Rocher du Goulet", Biarritz, UPMC 5109; J–L: columnals attributed to P. handiaensis, lower Handia cliff, MNHN.F.A49934, J: from distal mesistele, K: from median mesistele, L: from dististele. See Figures 1 and 5 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 2. Main character variation in some extant taxa closely related to Conocrinus. A-C, I: Democrinus japonicus, paratype, ZMC CRI 62; D, K–L: Democrinus parfaiti, MNHN-IE-2016-747; E–F: Conocrinus cherbonnieri, MNHN-IE-2016- 748; G–H: Rhizocrinus lofotensis, MNHN- IE-2013-1322; J: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-745; A–H: distal view of aboral cup (radial ring); I, K–L: trifacial ligamentary articulations in brachial pairs; I: distal facet of IBr1 (trifascial syzygy); J, L: distal facet of proximal brachial; K: proximal facet of distal brachial.
FIGURE 6 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 6. Copy of the original figure of the holotype of Tormocrinus veronensis Jaekel, 1891. A: lateral view, B: adoral view, C: closeup of muscular synarthry (after Jaekel 1891).
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 10. Origin of characters and taxa closely related to Eocene genera. Bathy: presumed bathycrinids, B.: Bourgueticrinus, C: Conocrinus, Ca: Carstenicrinus, De: Democrinus, Pa: Paraconocrinus, Ps: Pseudoconocrinus, *: B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008). B-type 1: without or weak ligament depression, B-type 2: with substantial deepening of ligament area, Be: bourgueticrinid cup with markedly erected inner part if muscular areas, R-syzygy: syzygy of radiate crenularium, Tra-syn: transverse synarthry, xxx: presence of the character, ---: presence presumed but not documented. Green box: plesiomorphic character, grey box: unknown, pale-orange box: Carstenicrinus lineage and related genera.
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 5. Aboral cups of Conocrinus thorenti (A-D) and other Eocene species from southern France closely related to it. A- D: Conocrinus thorenti, lectotype MNHN.F.R54426, A–B: oblique lateral view, C–D: adoral view, D: closeup of arm socket indicated by arrow in C; E–G: Conocrinus archiaci, Villa Marbella, Biarritz, E–F: specimen MNHN.F.A69934a, E: lateral view, F: oblique adoral view with closeup of arm socket, G: specimen MNHN.F.A69934b, oblique adoral view; H: Conocrinus aff. archiaci, Les Scaffarels near Annot, MHN Nice, Campredon Collection, specimen no. 6, flat arm socket (synostosis); I–K: Conocrinus cahuzaci n. sp., holotype, MNHN.F.A69935, I oblique side adoral view, J–K: adoral views; L–O: Conocrinus duperrieri, marnes à Pentacrines, Côte des Basques, Biarritz, L–N: holotype MNHN.F.R06934 (arrow head indicating segment of radial suture), O: side view of paratype MNHN.F.R06935; bip: broken interradial process, ip: interradial process, ir: interradial rib. See Figure 1 for other abbreviations.
FIGURE 9 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 9. Species closely related to Pseudoconocrinus, Cherbonniericrinus n. gen. and Democrinus from Danian chalks of Denmark. A, E:?Democrinus sp. (A: MNHN.F.69939, E: MNHN.F.69938), A: oblique lateral view, E: oblique adoral view of radial circlet; B–D: aboral cup of Pseudoconocrinus maximus (MNHN.F.A69947), B–C: oblique adoral view, D: adoral view of radial circlet; F–G:?Cherbonniericrinus sp. (MNHN.F.A69932), aboral cup, F: oblique adoral view, G: adoral view of radial circlet; H–I: primibrachials attributed to P. maximus (MNHN.F.A69948), H: aboral view of IBr2ax, I: adoral view of IBr1; J–L: distal columnals attributed to P. maximus, J: fulcral ridge with open axial furrow (MNHN.F.A69951), K: general view of another columnal (MNHN.F.A69949), L: fulcral ridge of K with axis filled in by calcite. A, J, K, L: from the upper Danian of Klintholm; B–D: from the lower Danian of Karlby Klint; E–J: from the lower Danian of Nye Kloev just above the K/Pg boundary. See Figure 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 8. Characters of Eocene species attributed to Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. and Democrinus. A–F, K–N: P. doncieuxi (Roux, 1978), Ilerdian of Corbières, Tuilerie de Fontcouverte (two aboral cups, A and B–D: Bories Collection, MNHN.F.A69944; two Brax, E–F: Martinez Collection, MNHN.F.A69945; K–L and M–N: two columnals, Plaziat Collection, MNHN.F.A69946; K–L: from distal mesistele of a juvenile specimen, L: fulcral ridge, M–N: columnal from proximal dististele); G–J:?Democrinus elongatus, Bartonian of Biarritz, Villa Marbella, MNHN.F.A69937(G–H: specimen 1, I–J: specimen 2). See Figure 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 10 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 10. Linear regressions of the R:r and R:SM# ratios versus R for A. mcedwardi and A. antillensis.
FIGURE 17 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 17. Astropecten spp. with thin, acicular paxillar and superomarginal spinelets (A, D), thin rod-shaped, rugose paxillar spinelets and superomaringal spinelets (B, E), and thick rod-shaped, rugose paxillar spinelets and superomarinal plates with granules (C, D). A, A. americanus TCWC 3-0937. B, A. alligator USNM E18467. C, A. cingulatus USNM 18345. D, A. americanus USNM 7701. E, A. alligator MCZ-AST-82, syntype. F, A. cingulatus NMHUK 180.5.7.304, holotype (from Lawrence et al. 2017, Fig. 3A). A–C: scale bars 1 mm. D–F: scale bars 1 cm.
FIGURE 13 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 13. Shape of the adambulacral spines of Astropecten. Most species have more than one spine shape on a single plate but spines can often be categorized into one of three types (A–C). Spines are typically terete at the base and may be slightly or strongly compressed at the tip, unless otherwise noted. Hooked spines are blunt, curved, and mostly seen only in a few species. Spatulate spines may be compressed or have a depression at the tip, forming a spoon-like scoop. In rare cases spatulate tips can be deep enough to form a half-pipe.
FIGURE 16 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 16. Astropecten spp. with (A, C) and without (B, D) dense paxillae and numerous superomarginal plates. A & C, A. articulatus USNM E12852, neotype. B & D, A. duplicatus NHMUK 43.2.10.152, syntype. A–B: scale bars 2 mm. C–D: scale bars 2 cm.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 9. Spination of superomarginal plates along the arms of Astropecten spp. A, A. antillensis ZMUC AST-4-23, syntype (R = 25 mm). B, A. mcedwardi FSBC I 117245, paratype (R = 21 mm). C, A. duplicatus FSBC I 70283 (R = 26 mm). Scale bar 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Astropecten (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) and a comparison of the Astropecten species from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Florida Shelf
FIGURE 8. Adambulacral plates and spines (left: proximal, right: distal) of Astropecten spp. A, A. mcedwardi FSBC I 005769 (R = 17 mm). B, A. duplicatus FSBC I 70291 (R = 19 mm). C, A. articulatus FSBC I 125180 (R = 24) with arrows identifying spines offset behind the proximal and slightly enlarged distal spines of the second row. D, A. antillensis ZMUC AST-4-22, syntype (R = 29 mm). E, A. marginatus USNM E18385 (R = 19 mm). F, A. karankawai USNM E22502, paratype (R = 21 mm). Scale bar 0.5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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