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FIG. 3 in Hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) du Miocène supérieur et du Pliocène de Salonique (Grèce), collection Arambourg et Puyhaubert (MNHN, Paris)

FIG. 3. — « Ratiodiagrams » des métacarpiens principaux d'Hipparion de Salonique d'après les mesures données dans le Tableau 3 comparés à ceux d'Hipparion mediterraneum de Pikermi. 1, longueur maximale; 3, largeur de la diaphyse au milieu; 4, diamètre antéro-postérieur (DAP) au même niveau que 3; 5, largeur articulaire proximale; 6, DAP articulaire proximal; 10, largeur sus-articulaire distale; 11, largeur articulaire distale; 12, DAP de la quille articulaire; 13, DAP minimal du condyle interne; 14, DAP maximal du condyle interne; 7, largeur articulaire pour le magnum; 8, largeur de la facette articulaire pour le cuboïde.

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FIG. 10 in Hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) du Miocène supérieur et du Pliocène de Salonique (Grèce), collection Arambourg et Puyhaubert (MNHN, Paris)

FIG. 10. — Hipparion sp., Salonique. A-A1, deux fragments de mandibule no Slq 293 A et B (d'un même individu); A, fragment d'hémimandibule gauche; A1, fragment d'hémimandibule droit; B-B1, deux métacarpiens principaux (Mc III) d'un même individu; B, Mc III droit no 489, vue dorsale; B1, Mc III gauche no 490, vue dorsale. Échelle: 2 cm.

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FIG. 2 in Hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) du Miocène supérieur et du Pliocène de Salonique (Grèce), collection Arambourg et Puyhaubert (MNHN, Paris)

FIG. 2. — Hipparion dietrichi, Salonique. A, crâne no Slq 74, vue de profil, côté gauche; B, série dentaire gauche no Slq 119 à 203 et 127, vue occlusale; C, Mc III gauche no Slq 487, vue dorsale; D, Mt III gauche no Slq 659, vue dorsale. Échelles: 2 cm.

FIG. 2. — A-I, Eoletes tianshanicus n in Ceratomorphs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early Eocene Andarak 2 locality in Kyrgyzstan

FIG. 2. — A-I, Eoletes tianshanicus n. sp.; J-L, Teleolophus medius Matthew & Granger, 1925; in labial (A, G), anterior (I, L) and occlusal (B-F, H, J, K) views; Andarak 2, Kyrgyzstan, Alay beds, Irdinmanhan; A, B, ZIN 32754, holotype, left maxillary fragment with P2-M2 and alveolus of P1; C, ZIN 34023, right M1 or 2; D, ZIN 35283, left M2; E, ZIN 35284, left M3; F, ZIN 32758, right m1 or 2; G, H, ZIN 35282, right maxillary fragment with P1; I, ZIN 32755, left astragalus; J, ZIN 35285, left P2; K, L, ZIN 32756, right p3 trigonid. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Fig. 10. A–D in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 10. A–D, Proximal, distal, medial, and lateral views of the right navicular of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.4). Abbreviations: AN, astragalonavicular facet on navicular; napp, plantar process of navicular; NCs, articular facet for cuneiforms on the distal surface of navicular body; and NCu, naviculocuboid facet on the lateral surface of navicular body.

Fig. 7. A–F in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 7. A–F. Ventral, dorsal, posterior, medial, lateral, and distal views of left astragalus of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.2). Abbreviations: ACu, astagalocuboid facet; AFi, astragalofibular facet; AN, astragalonavicular facet; ATim, medial astragalotibial facet; CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; sa, sulcus astragali; su, sustentacular facet; suh, sustentacular hinge; trlr, lateral rim of astragalar trochlea; trmr, medial rim of astragalar trochlea.

FIG. 1 in Ceratomorphs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early Eocene Andarak 2 locality in Kyrgyzstan

FIG. 1. — Geographical and stratigraphic (top right) position of Andarak locality (★) in south Fergana valley of Kyrgyzstan (top left), close to Andarak settlement in foothills of Turkistan Range (bottom). 1, limestone; 2, pebble beds and conglomerate; 3, sand and sandstone; 4, gravel and sand.

Fig. 2 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 2. Lower jaw fragments of Gomphos elkema. A. lateral view of the anterior portion of right mandible (IVPP V13509.8); arrow indicates alveolus of the second lower incisor. B. Medial view of left partial mandible, showing the fenestrae on the ventral portion of the bone (V13509.2). C. Medial view of partial right mandible, with arrow pointing to the posterior end of the lower incisor (V13509.7). D. Lateral view of partial left mandible, with arrow pointing to the anterior edge of the masseteric fossa (V13509.2). Panels A, B, and D, are at the same scale.

Fig. 4 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 4. Upper teeth of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V). A–C. Occlusal, labial, and lingual views of right P4–M2 (IVPP V13509.4).

Fig. 3 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 3. Upper teeth of Gomphos elkema. A. Occlusal view of left P3–M1 (IVPP V13509.5). B. Occlusal view of right P4–M1 (V13509.6).

Fig. 9. A–F in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 9. A–F, Distal, proximal, dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral views of the right cuboid of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.3). Abbreviations: CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; CuEc, facet for ectocuneiform; CuM45, facet for metatarsals IV and V; CuN, cuboidonavicular facet; and pp, plantar process.

FIG. 4 in Ceratomorphs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early Eocene Andarak 2 locality in Kyrgyzstan

FIG. 4. — Sharamynodon kirghisensis (Belyaeva, 1971); A-C, ZIN 35300, left p4; D, E, ZIN 35299, left(?) upper(?) incisor; in occlusal (A), lingual (B), labial (C), profile (D), and anterior (E) views; Andarak 2, Kyrgyzstan, Alay beds, Irdinmanhan. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Fig. 8. A–E in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China

Fig. 8. A–E, Dorsal, ventral, lateral, distal, and medial views of the right calcaneus of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.1). Abbreviations: at, anterior plantar tubercle; CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; gtff, groove for the tendon of M. flexor fibularis; pp, peroneal process; ptca, calcaneal protuberance; su, sustentacular facet; sus, sustentaculum talus; and tub, tuber of the calcaneus.

FIG. 3 in Ceratomorphs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early Eocene Andarak 2 locality in Kyrgyzstan

FIG. 3. — Pataecops minutissimus (Reshetov, 1979) n. comb. in labial (A, N) and occlusal (B-M) views; Andarak 2, Kyrgyzstan, Alay beds, Irdinmanhan; A, B, ZIN 35288, left maxillary fragment with P3-M3 and alveolus of P2; C, ZIN 35290, left maxillary fragment with D4 M1-2; D, ZIN 35287, left maxillary fragment with M1 and root of P4; E, ZIN 34030, left D4; F, ZIN 35286, right D3(?); G, ZIN 35292, left M2; H, ZIN 35294, right M3; I, ZIN 35296, right M2; J, ZIN 35293, left maxillary fragment with M1; K, ZIN 34031, right M1; L, ZIN 35295, left M3; M, N, ZIN 34028, right dentary fragment with d3-4, alveoli of d2, m1, and with partial m2 crown in crypt. Abbreviation: if, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 11 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 11. — The Milia Dicerorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972 tarsals: A-C, left calcaneum MIL 1703; A, posterior view; B, lateral view; C, medial view; D-F, right cuboid MIL 1665; D, medial view; E, front view; F, upper view. Scale bars: 50 mm.

FIG. 7 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 7. — The Milia Dicerorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972 right Mc III MIL 1587: A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, proximal view; D, ross section of diaphysis in the middle; E, distal view; F, posterior view; G, medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 4 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 4. — The Milia Dicerorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972 upper cheek teeth: A, tooth-rows of the skull MIL162, occlusal view; B, isolated P4/right MIL 868 (occlusal view) and ectoloph profile at 2 cm from the collar; C, isolated P4/left MIL 880 (occlusal view) and ectoloph profile at 2 cm from the collar; D, isolated M1/left MIL 614 (occlusal view) and ectoloph profile at 2 cm from the collar; E, M1/isolated right MIL 1569 (occlusal view) and ectoloph profile at 2 cm from the collar. Scale bars: 50 mm.

FIG. 15 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 15. — Simpson diagram of lengths of the limb segments in the Dicerorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972, D. megarhinus (de Christol, 1834), D. miguelcrusafonti Guérin & Santafe, 1978 and D. etruscus etruscus (Falconer, 1859). The variables on the X axis are in order, as the average of lengths. Abbreviations: 1, humerus; 2, radius; 3, Mc II; 4, Mc III; 5, Mc IV; 6, femur; 7, tibia; 8, Mt II; 9, Mt III; 10, Mt. IV.

FIG. 10 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 10. — Simpson diagram of astragalus:mean values of the Milia Dicerorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972, compared with average values of the D. jeanvireti, D. miguelcrusafonti Guérin & Santafe, 1978, D. megarhinus (de Christol, 1834) and D. etruscus etruscus (Falconer, 1859). The variables on the X axis are the same and in the same order as in Table 8 (see Appendices).

FIG. 14 in The Tapiridae, Rhinocerotidae and Suidae (Mammalia) of the Early Villafranchian site of Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)

FIG. 14. — Simpson diagram of Mt IV: values of the Milia Dicerorhinus jeanvireti specimen, compared to extreme values of D. jeanvireti and average values of D. megarhinus (de Christol, 1834), D. miguelcrusafonti Guérin & Santafe, 1978 and D. etruscus etruscus (Falconer, 1859). The variables on the X axis are the same and in the same order as in Table 12 (see Appendices).