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2,620 results for “Molecular Phylogeny”
Figure 10 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 10. Genital anatomy of Amplirhagada ambulator sp. nov. holotype WAM S42936 (East Montalivet Island). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; at, atrium; bc, bursa copulatrix; hd, hermaphroditic duct; p, penis; rm, penial retractor muscle; so, spermoviduct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vagina. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 2 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 2. Comparison of average genetic p-distances for COI and 16S sequences within and between island clades (Table 2), and frequency distributions of pair-wise genetic distances for each gene. Shading indicates comparisons within groups with distinct penial morphologies.
Figure 9 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 9. Penial anatomy of Amplirhagada montalivetensis WAM S42938 (Walker Island). Abbreviations: mp, main pilaster of inner penial wall; pv, penial verge; sh, penial sheath; vd, vas deferens. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 3 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 3. Island-based comparison of specimens of Clade 3 by means of box and whisker plots for shell parameters H, D, H/D, and N.
Figure 8 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 8. Genital anatomy of Amplirhagada montalivetensis WAM S42938 (Walker Island). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; hd, hermaphroditic duct; p, penis; rm, penial retractor muscle; so, spermoviduct; vd, vas deferens; vg, vagina. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 6 in Species limits in molecular phylogenies: a cautionary tale from Australian land snails (Camaenidae: Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933)
Figure 6. Map of the study area with known occurrences of Amplirhagada species as documented by Solem (1981) and Köhler (2010a, 2011a, c). Triangles (in italics): Localities of known species: and, A. anderdonensis; bas, A. basilica; ber, A. berthierana; boo, A. boongareensis; buf, A. buffonensis; cam, A. camdenensis; cof, A. coffea; dec, A. decora; dis, A. discoidea; epi; A. epiphallica; for, A. forrestiana; gem, A. gemina; gib, A. gibsoni; glo, A. globosa; int, A. intermedia; inu, A. inusitata; kes, A. kessneri; kim, A. kimberleyana; lam, A. lamarckiana; lin, A. lindsayae; mon, A. montalivetensis; pue, A. puescheli; reg, A. regia; sph, A. sphaeroidea; tri, A. tricenaria; uwi, A. uwinsensis; via, A. vialae; yor, A. yorkensis. Circles (in bold): material studied herein: alb, A. albertiana sp. nov. (Albert Island); emo, A. ambulator sp. nov. (East Montalivet Island group); lul-wip, A. gemina; nma, A. intermedia (North Maret Island); prr, A. tealei sp. nov. (Mainland View, Prince Regent Reserve); sb, A. imperialis sp. nov. (Boongaree Island); sma, A. intermedia (South Maret and Natfi Island); tur, A. turbinensis sp. nov. (Turbin island); wal, A. montalivetensis (Walker Island); wmo, A. fitzpatricki sp. nov. (West Montalivet Island).
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indicate Late Cretaceous tribal diversification
Figure 4. Simplified phylogenetic tree with information on host associations of sampled in-group genera. The phylogenetic pattern of host associations and dating might imply a coincidence between tribal diversifications within Hormaphidinae and the appearance of their primary hosts.
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indicate Late Cretaceous tribal diversification
Figure 2. Phylogeny of Hormaphidinae based on combined data of nuclear EF-1a and mitochondrial COI sequences. The tree obtained from Bayesian analysis is shown. Bootstrap values (> 50) from maximum-parsimony/maximum-likelihood analyses are shown above the branches, and the Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.90) are shown below the branches.
Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indicate Late Cretaceous tribal diversification
Figure 1. Phylogeny of Hormaphidinae based on nuclear EF-1a sequences. The tree obtained from Bayesian analysis is shown. Numbers above the branches are bootstrap values (> 50) from maximum-parsimony/maximum-likelihood analyses, and the Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.90) are shown below the branches. Species including more than one sample are represented by species names with voucher numbers.
Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species
Figure 1. Collection sites of species in this study. Red star and triangle represent the type localities of Rhacophorus hongchibaensis sp. nov. and Rhacophorus wui sp. nov., respectively. Red circles, plus the star and triangle, indicate the sample sites of the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex. Brown symbols represent collection sites of all species, except for those of the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex. The detailed information represented by Arabic numbers is shown in Table 2. The blue, red, and purple circles indicate lineages A, B, and C of Figure 2, respectively.
Figure 3. A in Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species
Figure 3. A, an amplexing pair of Rhacophorus wui sp. nov. in life. B, Rhacophorus hongchibaensis sp. nov. in comparison with Rhacophorus dugritei and Rhacophorus puerensis: 1, R. hongchibaensis sp. nov., adult male; 2, R. puerensis, adult male; 3, R. dugritei, adult male; 4, R. hongchibaensis sp. nov., adult female; 5, R. dugritei, adult male. C, dorsal views of the male holotype of R. wui sp. nov. (CIB 97685). D, dorsal views of the male holotype of Rhacophorus hongchibaensis sp. nov. (CIB 97687). E, habitat of R. wui sp. nov. in Hanchi Village, Lichuan County, Hubei, China.
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species
Figure 4. Principal components analysis (PCA) scores of Rhacophorus dugritei, Rhacophorus hongchibaensis sp. nov., Rhacophorus hungfuensis, Rhacophorus hui, Rhacophorus minimus, Rhacophorus puerensis, and Rhacophorus wui sp. nov.
Figure 2. The 50 in Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species
Figure 2. The 50% majority rule consensus tree from a Bayesian inference analysis of partial fragments of mitochondrial (12S rRNA, valine tRNA, and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (tyrosinase and rhodopsin) genes. Black circles indicate nodes supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ± 0.90, and maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions (MLBS) and maximum parsimony bootstrap proportions (MPBS) ± 70%. Grey circles indicate poorly supported nodes (BPP <0.90; MLBS and MPBS <70%).
FIGURE 1 in An updated generic circumscription for Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae, Poales) based on a molecular phylogeny and a morphological character reconstruction
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis on Cryptangieae genera based on a combined matrix with two chloroplast (rbcL and trnL-F) and three nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS and 5S-NTS) regions using Bayesian Inference [full circle—PP=1], and summary of: combined (a'), rbcL (b), trnLF (c), ITS (d), ETS (e) and 5S-NTS (f) reconstructions [Group/genus color: black—outgroup; purple—Krenakia; pink—Didymiandrum; brownish-green—Exochogyne; orange—Cryptangium; blue and green—Cephalocarpus(including Everardia); red—Lagenocarpus]
FIGURE 3 in An updated generic circumscription for Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae, Poales) based on a molecular phylogeny and a morphological character reconstruction
FIGURE 3. Mapping of 13 diagnostic characters applied the Ancestral Character State analyses and Ancestral Character States Recovered (ACSR) to Cryptangieae (see selected diagnostic characters at Table 4) [Group/genus color: black—outgroup; pink—Didymiandrum; purple—Krenakia; brownish-green—Exochogyne; orange—Cryptangium; blue and green—Cephalocarpus (including Everardia); red— Lagenocarpus; state of character: (0) white; (1) black; (2) grey; (3) yellow; Characters: (a) Sexual system, (b) caudex development, (c) Inflorescence position, (d) Inflorescence general morphology, (e) Paracladia sexual morphology, (f) Stigma color, (g) Hypogynous scales, (h) hypogynous scales development, (i) hypogynous scales ornamentation, (j) nutlet shape in cross section, (k) nutlet beak presence, (l)nutlet ornamentation, (m)nutlet constriction area].
FIGURE 2. Cryptangieae general morphology. A in An updated generic circumscription for Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae, Poales) based on a molecular phylogeny and a morphological character reconstruction
FIGURE 2. Cryptangieae general morphology. A. Cephalocarpus confertus (habit), B-C. Cephalocarpus montanus habit (B) and caudex in cross section (C); D-E. Krenakia minarum habit (D) and detail of leaves reduced to sheaths (E); F-G. Exochogyne amazonica with mature male (F) and female (G) spikelets; H. Cryptangium verticillatum male spikelets; I. Krenakia sp. spikelets. J. Lagenocarpus rigidus inflorescence (female spikelets apical and in rigid peduncles and male spikelets basal and in flexible peduncles); K. Cephalocarpus confertus inflorescence detail (male and female spikelets at the same cluster); L. Cephalocarpus montanus uniflowered spikelets with immature nutlets.
Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla
Figure 3. Synapomorphic deletions found in intron 3 of the Kit gene: 8 bp supporting the Tapiridae family (grey), 2 bp the noncaballines group (grey dotted lines), 3 bp the Rhinocerotidae (black), 4 bp the Equidae (black dashed lines), 8 bp the Ceratomorpha clade (grey dotted lines), and 6 bp the Asiatic asses and zebras group (grey dotted lines). Location of the deletions in the consensus sequence and the sequences identities are indicated at the top of the alignments.
Figure 3. Molecular phylogeny from Figure 2 in Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships
Figure 3. Molecular phylogeny from Figure 2 with sampling reduced to one sample per species. Support is the same as Figure 2. Biogeographical ranges for Sphenomorphus species are marked on the phylogeny. Clades discussed in the text are denoted with letters A–K.
Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla
Figure 5. Mapping of chromosome rearrangements on the Bayesian tree (-ln L = -26549.49) of perissodactyl species included in the Trifonov et al. (2008) survey. Open circles represent chromosome fusions, grey circles fissions, open squares inversions, and dotted symbols ambiguous characters. Rates of chromosome evolution are shown for terminal and internal branches (small grey boxes). For some nodes, chromosome number ancestral states are indicated in open boxes. R/Myr, rate of chromosome rearrangements per million years.
Figure 4. Molecular phylogeny from Figure 3 in Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships
Figure 4. Molecular phylogeny from Figure 3 with the species names changed to reflect our new generic taxonomy.
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