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FIGURE 6 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 6. Some bulbiliferous kalanchoes in the Arboretum d'Antsokay. A–B. Kalanchoe daigremontiana showing deeply peltate, longtriangular leaves that are apically acute. Abaxially, the leaves are greyish, and maculate with dark blotches especially towards the margins. The overall khaki green colouration and spotted petiole may suggest some influence from K. tubiflora. More conspicuously admixtured plants are known from other localities in the Toliara and Onilahy regions of Madagascar, as discussed in the text. C–E. Kalanchoe tubiflora showing some variation in the overall colouration of the plants. It is not known which of the forms of K. tubiflora that are cultivated in the Arboretum are native to the Toliara region, and which were introduced from elsewhere in Madagascar. Photographs: Jun Ikeda.

FIGURE 5 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha

FIGURE 5. Leucotaraxis sepiola, male, genitalic features. A–B. Holotype: A. lateral view; B. posterolateral view. C. Paratype, posterolateral view, with surstylus oriented medially under cercus.

FIGURE 2 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 2. Comparison between two forms of Kalanchoe ×houghtonii Morphotype D, which is alternatively treated as K. daigremontiana and potentially represent K. daigremontiana × K. ×houghtonii. Both forms lack the large, medially inflated, orange, red or magenta flowers of the other K. ×houghtonii Morphotypes discussed in this paper, the leaf arrangement generally remains decussate, and the leaf blade base is peltate when plants reach maturity. A–D. A form originating from the Toliara region, southern Madagascar, showing saddle-shaped, peltate leaf blade bases on mature leaves, subentire margins on leaves of young plants, abaxial maculation patterns resembling those of K. daigremontiana, and uniquely, sepals that are barely fused. E–H. Kalanchoe 'Parsel Tongue', reportedly a garden hybrid that arose spontaneously, showing funnel-shaped peltate leaf blade bases on mature leaves, dentate margins even on leaves of young plants, uniquely granular abaxial maculation patterns distinct from those of any other kalanchoe of the K. daigremontiana species complex, and sepals that are fused for half of their length, as observed in K. daigremontiana. Also note that these two forms differ significantly in the length of their corollae. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 1 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha

FIGURE 1. Immature stages of Leucotaraxis species. A. L. atrifacies, egg, dorsal view, posterior pole right (measure bar = 0.1 mm). B–C. L. argenticollis, puparium, dorsal view: B. habitus (measure bar = 0.2 mm); C. posterior spiracles. D. L. piniperda, puparial posterior spiracles, dorsal view.

FIGURE 11 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 11. Two hybrids of the combination Kalanchoe daigremontiana × K. fedtschenkoi, created by Hung I Lu in cultivation in Israel (A, B), and created by Sheng Jian Lu in cultivation in Taiwan (C, D). A. Plant in bud with no bulbil formation or bulbil pedestals visible, though few occasional bulbils are produced. B. Two trilobate leaves, only barely auriculate. C. Dense inflorescences. D. Close up of the salmon-coloured flowers, showing a calyx tube longer than the free sepal segments. In the background, dentate, basally cuneate leaves are visible. Photographs: A–B, Ronen Shtein; C–D, Sheng Jian Lu.

FIGURE 10. A hybrid between Kalanchoe daigremontiana and K in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 10. A hybrid between Kalanchoe daigremontiana and K. laxiflora, created and cultivated, in Israel. A. Young plant in vegetative growth, showing some peltate leaves and almost exclusively mid-green colouration. B. A mature plant (top) compared to K. daigremontiana (bottom), showing heterosis with both leaf size and plant height greatly exceeding that of either parent. No bulbil pedestals are present, and a single bulbil is visible at the leaf apex. C. Close up of the abaxial leaf blade surface almost devoid of the dark purple-brown stripes characteristic of K. daigremontiana. D. Deep red flowers with a calyx tube longer than the free sepal segments. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 13 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 13. Kalanchoe laetivirens × K. "Rauhii" produced by Sheng Jian Lu in cultivation in Taiwan. A. Plant in full flower, showing the distinctly pink colouration of the flowers, whitish green when emerging. B. The stem shows a transition from short, wide, basal nodes to longer and thinner, pink distal nodes. The abaxial leaf surface is somewhat pink and maculate in purple towards the margins. C. The peduncle. D–E. Leaves showing pink-coloured central adaxial veining, large erect projections from the auriculate leaf blade base, margins that are dentate with teeth subducted by recurved spathulate bulbil pedestals and bulbils, and a leaf apex that is rounded-cuneate and not acute. Photographs: Sheng Jian Lu.

FIGURE 12. A in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 12. A. Bernard Marie Descoings (1931–2018), when visiting Mr Jean-Luc Billouet's succulent collection in April 2012. B. When aloe specialist Dr (h.c.) Gilbert W. Reynolds, visited Madagascar in the 1950s, Descoings, then a young man in his mid-20s, accompanied and assisted him (Reynolds 1958: 6–7, 146, Fig. 100, Reynolds 1966: ix, 515, Fig. 543). Descoings here stands next to a large specimen of Aloestrela suzannae (Decary 1921: 26) Molteno & Gideon F.Sm. in Smith & Molteno (2019: 5). The original of the black-and-white image was likely held in Herb. PRE along with parts of the archives of Reynolds, but is apparently no longer extant. Photographs: A, Jean-Luc Billouet; B, unknown; likely G.W. Reynolds.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Protection mutualists affect colonization and establishment of host-associated species in a coral reef cryptofauna community

Protection mutualists display territorial behaviors that provide protective services for their host species. To investigate how protection mutualists impact the colonization and establishment of host-associated species, we conducted a two-stage experiment using a coral reef cryptofauna community as our study system. Pocillopora meandrina is a fairly common, branching coral species that forms habitat that is utilized by a variety of marine organisms. There is a guild of protection mutualists that associate with P. meandrina including Trapeziidae crabs and Alpheidae shrimp. We manipulated coral colonies to have Trapeziidae crabs, Alpheidae shrimp, both, or neither. For the first part of our experiment, we observed colonization of marine invertebrates to these colonies every other day for two months, while resetting the treatment levels every seven days. For the second part of our experiment, we surveyed the community composition weekly and then monthly for a total of six months without interference. During both experiments, we measured the initial and final size of the host coral colonies as a metric of fitness. Data are provided for observed marine decapods through time on each of forty experimental coral colonies for the colonization and the establishment experiments. Data are also provided for coral colony size at the beginning and end of each experiment.

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

FIGURE 2. Optimal phylogenetic tree from Maximum Likelihood analyses for the nrITS1–5.8S–ITS2 in Morphology and molecular data of the species of Suillus (Suillaceae, Boletales) associated with Pinus sibirica at the European northeast of Russia

FIGURE 2. Optimal phylogenetic tree from Maximum Likelihood analyses for the nrITS1–5.8S–ITS2 Suillus data. Bootstrap values (BS ≥ 70%) is added to the left of a node as follows: nearest neighbour method / maximum likelihood method. Scale bar indicates expected changes per site. New sequences from the Komi Republic are marked with red blocks. The specimen GenBank accession numbers in parentheses follows the names.

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FIGURE 4 in Morphology and molecular data of the species of Suillus (Suillaceae, Boletales) associated with Pinus sibirica at the European northeast of Russia

FIGURE 4. Basidiocarps and elements of pileipellis. a, b Suillus punctipes (SYKOf 2598). c, d Suillus plorans (SYKOf 2666). e, f Suillus plorans ssp. cyanescens (SYKOf 3006). Scale bars a, c, e—2 сm; b, d, f—50 μm. Images: Marina Palamarchuk.

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

FIGURE 3. Basidiocarps. a in Morphology and molecular data of the species of Suillus (Suillaceae, Boletales) associated with Pinus sibirica at the European northeast of Russia

FIGURE 3. Basidiocarps. a Suillus acidus var. intermedius (SYKOf 1854). b S. acidus var. intermedius (SYKOf 2531). c S. placidus (SYKOf 2664). d S. placidus (SYKOf 2665). e S. sibiricus (SYKOf 2663), f S. sibiricus (SYKOf 2521). Scale bars 2 сm. Images: Marina Palamarchuk.

Figure 9 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 9. Images of Kauluzoanthus sp.: A, in situ image of Kauluzoanthus sp. on stalks of Hyalonema sp.; B, preserved colony. Scale: 10 mm (A). Images credits: Okeanos/NOAA.

Figure 8 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 8. Images of external and internal morphology of Vitrumanthus oligomyarius (CMNH ZG-4785). A, preserved polyps on Tretochone duplicata; B, C, cross-section of polyp; D, longitudinal section of polyp; E, F, close-up images of cyclically transitional marginal musculature; G, close-up image of tentacle musculature. Abbreviations: A, actinopharynx; Dd, dorsal directives; Ctmm, cyclically transitional marginal musculature; Ec, ectoderm; M, mesoglea; Mm, marginal musculature; S, siphonoglyph; O, oral disk; 5th, fifth mesentery from dorsal directives. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1.5 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F), 0.25 mm (G).

Figure 7 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 7. Images of external and internal morphology of Vitrumanthus vanderlandi (holotype: RMNH.COEL.42623).A, preserved polyps on Aphrocallistes beatrix; B, C, close-up image of polyp; D, close-up image of tentacle musculature; E, longitudinal section of polyp; F, drawing of cyclically transitional marginal musculature. Abbreviations: A, actinopharynx; Te, tentacle; Tem, tentacle musculature; Ctmm, cyclically transitional marginal musculature. Scale bars: 3 mm (A), 1.5 mm (B, C, E), mm (C), 0.3 mm (D).

Figure 6 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 6. Images of external and internal morphology of Vitrumanthus schrieri (A, photographic record: image was taken at the entrance of Piscadera Bay, 12°07'06"N, 68°58'34"W; B–F, holotype: RMNH.COEL.42429). A, living polyps on Verrucocoeloidea liberatorii in situ; B, preserved polyps; C, close-up image of preserved polyp; D, close-up image of tentacle musculature; E, close-up image of cyclically transitional marginal musculature; F, drawing of cyclically transitional marginal musculature. Abbreviations: A, actinopharynx; Tem, tentacle musculature; Ctmm, cyclically transitional marginal musculature. Scale bars: 10 mm (A), 25 mm (B), 5 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 5 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 5. Cnidae in the tentacles, column, actinopharynx and mesenterial filaments of holotypes of new species in this study. A, cnidae of Churabana kuroshioae; B, cnidae of Vitrumanthus schrieri; C, cnidae of Vitrumanthus vanderlandi; D, cnidae of Vitrumanthus oligomyarius. Abbreviations: Hl, holotrichs large; Hm, holotrichs medium; Hs, holotrich small; O, basitrichs and microbasic b-mastigophores; Pm, microbasic p-mastigophores; S, spirocysts.

Figure 4 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 4. Images of external and internal morphology of Churabana kuroshioae (A, paratype: NSMT Co-1754; B–I, holotype: RUMF-ZG-04447). A, living polyps on Pararete sp.1 in situ at Nanpo Trough, Kikaijima Island; B, living polyps on Pararete sp.2 in an aquarium at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Motobu, Japan; C, close-up image of preserved polyp; D–F, longitudinal section of polyp; G, cross-section of polyp; H, close-up image of cyclically transitional marginal musculature; I, drawing of cteniform endodermal marginal musculature. Abbreviations: A, actinopharynx; Dd, dorsal directives; Cemm, cteniform endodermal marginal musculature; Ec, ectoderm; En, endoderm; M, mesoglea; S, siphonoglyph; O, oral disk; 5th, fifth mesentery from dorsal directives. Scales: 5 mm (A, B), 2 mm (C–H).

Figure 2 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree based on combined dataset of COI, 12S-rDNA, 16S-rDNA, 18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA and ITS-rDNA. Green-coloured box indicates Hexasterophora sponge-associated zoantharians and blue coloured boxes indicate Amphidiscophora sponge-associated zoantharians. Number at nodes represent ML bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). Black circles on nodes indicate high support of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95).

Figure 1 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species

Figure 1. Distribution of hexactinellid sponge-associated zoantharians examined in this study. Enclosed symbols indicate Hexasterophora sponge-associated zoantharians: Churabana kuroshioae (dark blue), Vitrumanthus schrieri (red), Vitrumanthus vanderlandi (green), Vitrumanthus oligomyarius (yellow). Boxes indicate Amphidiscophora spongeassociated zoantharians: Epizoanthus aff. armatus (grey), Epizoanthus fatuus (violet), Epizoanthus stellaris (light blue), Epizoanthus aff. fatuus (pink), Kauluzoanthus sp. (black).