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Figure 12 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 12. Genitalia of Rathouisia sinensis from Nandaheyuan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, M. Wu leg. 21.9.2021 (FGC 51209): A, gonad, male proximal genitalia and female distal genitalia; B, another view of gonad, male proximal genitalia and female distal genitalia; C, gonad, vagina and male proximal genitalia. See Morphological study for explanation of abbreviations.

Figure 1 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 1. Live specimen of Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum (MUSE) of Trento, Italy, Debora Barbato leg. 4.5.2019 (FGC 51191).

Figure 8 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of concatenated COI + 16S rDNA + ITS2 (flanked with 5.8S and 28S rDNA) + H3 sequences obtained from Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. and Rathouisia sinensis compared with sequences deposited in GenBank for representatives of the other systellommatophoran families Onchidiidae and Veronicellidae (see Supporting Information, Table S8 for concatenated sequence sets used in analysis). Concatenated sequences were 2122 positions in length (614 COI + 458 16S rDNA + 54 5.8S rDNA + 662 ITS2 + 40 28S rDNA + 294 H3). Bootstrap support above 50% from ML (left) and NJ (middle) analysis, as well as posterior probabilities above 0.5 PP, from Bayesian inference analysis (right) are indicated next to the branches. Bootstrap analysis was run with 1000 replicates (Felsenstein, 1985). The tree was rooted with stylommatophoran Monacha pantanellii sequences (see Supporting Information, Table S8).

Figure 10 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 10. Illustrations of the genitalia of Rathouisia sinensis and their legend published by Rathouis (1885).

Figure 3 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 3. Genitalia of Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum (MUSE) of Trento, Italy, Debora Barbato leg. 4.5.2019 (FGC 51191): A, general view; B, distal female and proximal male genitalia; C, distal male genitalia. See Morphological study for explanation of abbreviations.

Figure 2 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 2. Body and internal anatomy of Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum (MUSE) of Trento, Italy, Debora Barbato leg. 4.5.2019 (FGC 51191): A, B, D, general view of internal anatomy of adult (A, D) and juvenile (B) specimens; C, head and anterior portion of body in ventral view. In A, salivary glands were partly cut away. See Morphological study for explanation of abbreviations.

Figure 7 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of ITS2 (flanked with 5.8S and 28S rDNA) sequences obtained from Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. (ITS2 1) and Rathouisia sinensis (ITS2 2–ITS2 4) compared with sequences deposited in GenBank for representatives of the other systellommatophoran families Onchidiidae and Veronicellidae (see Supporting Information, Table S3). ITS2 (flanked with 5.8S and 28S rDNA) sequences were 774 positions (54 5.8S rDNA, 680 ITS2, 40 28SrDNA) in length. Numbers next to the branches indicate bootstrap support above 50% calculated for 1000 replicates by ML (left) and NJ (right) analysis (Felsenstein, 1985). The tree was rooted with stylommatophoran Monacha pantanellii sequence deposited in GenBank by us (see Table 3).

Figure 5 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 5. Radula of Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum (MUSE) of Trento, Italy, Debora Barbato leg. 4.5.2019 (FGC 51191): A, general view; B, detail of central sector [c, central teeth (A, B)].

Figure 6 in A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora)

Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of concatenated COI + 16S rDNA haplotypes obtained from Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. and Rathouisia sinensis compared with sequences deposited in GenBank for representatives of the families Onchidiidae, Veronicellidae and Philomycidae (see Supporting Information, Tables S1, S4 for sequences obtained from GenBank for analysis). Concatenated sequences are listed with species names. They were 1028 positions in length (573 COI + 455 16S rDNA). Bootstrap support above 50% from ML (left) and NJ (middle) analysis, as well as posterior probabilities PP above 0.5 from Bayesian Inference analysis (right) are indicated next to the branches. Bootstrap analysis was run with 1000 replicates (Felsenstein, 1985). The tree was rooted with stylommatophoran Monacha pantanellii sequences deposited in GenBank by us and by Pieńkowska et al. (2020) according to Table 3 and Supporting Information, Table S1, respectively.

Figure 29 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 29. Scatter diagram comparing dimensions of the three extinct Plio-Pleistocene Janthina species. ▲ Janthina chavani;  Janthina typica; ■ Janthina krejcii. Letters show positions of type specimens of synonyms: Cha – Hartungia dennanti chavani holotype; Cho – Acrybia (Hartungia) chouberti holotype; D – Heligmope dennanti lectotype; E – Eunaticina abyssalis holotype; J – Parajanthina japonica holotype; K – Kaneconcha knorri holotype; P – Turbo postulatus neotype; T – Hartungia typica neotype.

Figure 25 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 25.Specimens of Janthina typica (Bronn).(A–C) GNS WM7656, Grange Burn Fm, Kalimnan (Zanclean), Muddy Creek, near Hamilton, Victoria,Australia; i.e., from type locality of Heligmope dennanti Tate. (D–F) copy of Mayer's (1864: pl. 6, figs 41a–c) illustrations of Janthina hartungi, Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean; slightly enlarged from published size, H 19, D 22 mm (photos by D. L. Homer). (G, I–K, M) weakly sculptured specimen, MNHN IM.2000-27158, holotype of Eunaticina abyssalis Simone, Marion Dufresne cruise MD55 stn 45-CB79, 1500–1575 m, off Itaúnas, Espiritu Santo State, Brazil, SW Atlantic, probably Zanclean; G, SEM, apical 2.5 teleoconch whorls, showing outer calcitic layer removed; I–K, M, apertural, ventral, apical and posterior views.(H) GNS GS12164, fragment, Whenuataru Tuff (Waipipian, early Piacenzian), Tarawhenua Peninsula, Pitt I., Chatham Islands; oblique latero-dorsal view. (L) SAMA T1494A, lectotype designated here of Heligmope dennanti Tate, Grange Burn Fm, Kalimnan (Zanclean), Muddy Creek, near Hamilton, Victoria,Australia (photo by D. L. Homer). (N, Q, R, T) ULPGC LE20151–2, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; largest two of six specimens from La Esfinge, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Zanclean; N, R, LE20152; Q, T, LE20151, broken outer lip partially retained in sediment. (O, P, S) copies of Bronn's (1861: pl. 19, figs 3a–d) illustrations of the holotype of Hartungia typica; Santa Maria I., Azores, Zanclean; at published size, H 18, D 22 mm (photos by D. L. Homer). Scale bars: Fig. 25G = 500 µm; Figs 25D–F and 25O–P, S are copies of published figures, approx. natural size; lower scale bar, 10 mm, applies to all other figures.

Figure 12 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 12. World late Miocene–early Pleistocene fossil localities for Janthina species, and purported fossil record of Recluzia. Symbols: ▲, Janthina chavani; ▼, Janthina globosa; ■, Janthina krejcii; , Janthina typica; , incorrect fossil record of Recluzia. Localities: (1) Fouarat, near Casablanca, Morocco (J. typica; type locality of Acrybia chouberti Chavan); (2) La Esfinge, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (J. typica); (3) Selvagem Grande I. (J. typica or possibly J. chavani); (4) São Vicente, Madeira (J. typica or possibly J. chavani); (5) Santa Maria I., Azores (type locality of both J. typica and J. krejcii sp. nov.); (6) Kane Megamullion, mid-Atlantic Ridge (J. chavani; type locality of Kaneconcha knorri Kaim, Tucholke & Warén); (7) Bowden, Jamaica (J. globosa); (8) Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela (incorrect early Miocene record of Recluzia); (9) dredge station off Itaúnas, Espiritu Santo, Brazil (J. typica; type locality of Eunaticina abyssalis Simone); (10) SE Japan (J. typica and J. chavani); (11) Anda, Cabarruyan I., Luzon, Philippines (J. globosa); (12) southern Australia (J. typica and J. chavani); (13) northern and southwestern New Zealand (J. typica and J. chavani). More detailed localities in the Atlantic islands, New Zealand, southern Australia and Japan are shown on succeeding maps.

Figure 36 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 36. Putative fossil Recluzia, and specimens of Recluzia johnii (Holten) and Recluzia lutea (Bennett). (A, C) unidentified Epitoniidae formerly identified as Recluzia sp., NMB locality 17516, Casa Cantaure, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela; Cantaure Fm, Burdigalian (late early Miocene); SEM. (B, D) MNHN, Jousseaume collection, unlocalized specimen referred to Recluzia johnii (photos by E. Strong).(E, H) Recluzia lutea, USNM56411, holotype of Lymnaea palmeri Dall, Taqui River delta, head of Gulf of Mexico, eastern Pacific (photos by E. Strong). (F–G) Recluzia lutea, MNHN IM.25667, syntype of Recluzia jehennei Petit de la Saussaye and neotype designated here of Recluzia lutea Bennett, of Janthina turrita Philippi and of Recluzia rollandiana Petit de la Saussaye; Gulf of Arabia (MNHN photos).(I–J) Recluzia johnii, NHMUK197432, holotype of Recluzia hargravesi Cox and neotype designated here of Helix johnii Holten; Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia (photos by E. Strong).(K–L) Recluzia lutea, MNHN IM.25668, one of two syntypes of Recluzia annamitica Wattebled; Thuan-an, Hué, Vietnam (MNHN photos). (M–P) Recluzia lutea, range of shape of large specimens in one collection; Great Exhibition Bay, northern North Island, New Zealand, Mar 1998; in collection of P. Poortman (Auckland) (specimen in Fig. 2S–T is from the same sample). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 300 µm; uppermost bar, 10 mm, applies to all other figures

Figure 15 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 15. Janthina fossil localities in New Zealand. Symbols: ▲, Janthina chavani, Gelasian–early Calabrian (Nukumaruan New Zealand Stage, 1.63–2.4 Ma); ◄, Janthina chavani, late Piacenzian‒ early Gelasian (Mangapanian New Zealand Stage, 2.4–3.0 Ma); ■, Janthina typica, early Piacenzian (Waipipian New Zealand Stage, 3.0–3.7 Ma); , Janthina typica, Zanclean (Opoitian New Zealand Stage, 3.7–5.3 Ma); , Janthina typica, Messinian (Kapitean New Zealand Stage, 5.3–7.2 Ma). — (A) Main islands of New Zealand, showing general locations of areas in Figs 15B–D. Localities:(1) Otahuhu well, Auckland (J. typica); (2) Pukekohe (J. typica); (3) Kaawa Creek, SW Auckland (J. typica, type locality of Turbo postulatus); (4) East Cape (J. typica); (5) Waimata Road, inland from Tolaga Bay (J. typica); (6) Mahia Peninsula (J. typica); (7) Cape Kidnappers (J. typica); (8) Gisborne–northern Hawke's Bay (detailed localities shown in B); (9) South Taranaki coast–Whanganui Basin (see detail in C); (10) Westland (see detail in D); ... [caption continued on next pages, pp. 148–149].

Figure 5 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 5 (facing page 130). Living animals in aquaria. (A) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus), collected on Arina Beach, Heraklion, Crete, Mediterranean, showing partially contracted snout and forked cephalic tentacles, propodium between float and tentacles, snout resting in lip sinus, weak spiral grooves in base of shell, and small amount of ianthinin purple dye at right below snout. (B) Janthina pallida Thomson, all data as for Fig. 5A, showing float with pink egg capsules beneath, and snout partially expanded; part of float of another specimen visible at left. Faint spiral colour bands on this shell are unusual. (C) Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, collected on beach in northern New South Wales, Australia, showing long, narrow float as in J. exigua Lamarck, weakly expanded head and propodium (top left), and egg capsules beneath float. (D) Janthina janthina, all data as for Fig. 5C, odontophore and teeth visible in tip of expanded snout. (E) Janthina globosa (Swainson), all data as for Fig. 5C, showing float, anatomy essentially as in J. janthina, expanded head resting in lip sinus, forked cephalic tentacles partly visible, barnacles attached to Janthina shell, and pink eggs beneath float (A–B, reproduced with permission of Dimitris Poursanidis, Heraklion, Crete; C–E, reproduced with permission of Denis Riek, Brunswick Heads, NSW). Scale bars 10 mm.

Figure 2 in Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)

Figure 2 (facing page 123). Shells of the five living species of Janthina and two species of Recluzia recognized in this work; apertural views, and left lateral views showing outer lip sinus. (A–F) Janthina janthina (Linnaeus); A–B, D, GNS RM4442, two specimens, beach, Takou Bay, Northland, New Zealand; C, GNS WM15986, "bicolor" form, San Lourenço Beach, Santa Maria I., Azores, Atlantic; E, GNS RM6735, "bicolor" form, Ohope Beach, Whakatane, New Zealand; F, GNS WM15297, beach between Hutchinson Bluff and Rayner Point, Raoul I., Kermadec Islands. (G–J) Janthina globosa (Swainson); G, GNS WM15254, beach, Mauritius, Indian Ocean; H–J, GNS RM5321, two specimens, Muriwai Beach, West Auckland, New Zealand. (K–L) Janthina pallida Thompson, GNS WM15256, beach, Windy Harbour, Cape D'Entrecasteaux, southern Western Australia. (M, O) Janthina exigua Lamarck, GNS RM5626, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (N, Q) Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, GNS RM5627, Nukumaru Beach, Whanganui, New Zealand. (P, R) Recluzia johnii (Holten), GNS WM17360, ventral and dorsal views; trawled in sediment, 130–180 m, Swain Reefs, SE Queensland, Australia (shortest specimen, last entry in Table 12).(S–T) Recluzia lutea (Bennett), GNS RM6748, beach, Great Exhibition Bay, Northland, New Zealand (from same sample as Figs 36M–P). Scale bar 10 mm, applies to all figures.

FIG. 71 in Review of the types of Indo-Pacific Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

FIG. 71. — Cerithium connatum Mountrouzier, 1862, New Caledonia: A, original figure in Mountrouzier (1862); B, C, G, specimen 1, MNHN-IM-2000-477: front (B), side (C), microsculpture (G); D-F, specimen 2, MNHN-IM-2000-477: front (D), side (E), back (F); H, original label. Scale bars: B-F, 4 mm; G, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 67 in Review of the types of Indo-Pacific Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

FIG. 67. — Mastonia tricolor Jousseaume, 1884, New Caledonia: A, original figure in Jousseaume (1884); B-K, syntype, MNHN-IM-2000-1397; front (B, C), side (D, E), back (F), apex (G, H), microsculpture (I), peristome (J, K); L, M, original labels. Scale bars: B-F, 1 mm; G, H, 0.1 mm; I, 0.2 mm; J, K, 0.4 mm.

FIG. 69 in Review of the types of Indo-Pacific Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

FIG. 69. — Inella xystica Jousseaume, 1884, Madagascar: A, original figure in Jousseaume (1884); B-G, syntype: MNHN-IM-2000-491: front (B), side (C), back (D), peristome (E, F), microsculpture (G); H, I, original labels. Scale bars: B-D, 2 mm; E, F, 0.5 mm; G, 0.4 mm.

FIG. 72 in Review of the types of Indo-Pacific Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

FIG. 72. — Triphora lamyi Selli, 1973, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, MNHN-IM-2000-486: front (A), side (B), back (C), peristome (D, E), microsculpture (F). Scale bars: A-C, 1 mm; D, E, 0.5 mm; F, 0.4 mm.