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6,771 results for “freshwater”
Data from: Does migration promote or inhibit diversification? A case study involving the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes
<p>While theory predicts that dispersal is a pivotal influence on speciation and extinction rates, it can have contradictory effects on each, such that empirical studies are needed to quantify its role. In many studies, dispersal reduction appears to promote diversification, although some analyses of migratory species suggest otherwise. Here we test for a relationship between migratory status and diversification rate within the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes, the Galaxiidae. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny for the group, comprising >95% of extant lineages, and applied State-dependent Speciation Extinction models to estimate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates. In contrast to some previous studies, we revealed higher diversification rates in non-migratory lineages. The reduced gene flow experienced by non-migratory galaxiids appears to have increased diversification under conditions of allopatry or local adaptation. Migratory galaxiid lineages, by contrast, are genetically homogeneous within landmasses, but may also be rarely able to colonise other landmasses in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. The life history state exhibiting higher diversification likely reflects the spatial context of the study system relative to species dispersal abilities, by means of the intermediate dispersal model; the accurate quantification of dispersal abilities will aid in our understanding of these likely interactions.</p>
Personality does not predict individual niche variation in a freshwater fish
Animal populations can exhibit considerable inter-individual variation in both behavioral traits and niche use, but the potential connections between these characteristics are rarely compared for the same individuals. We aimed to test whether behavioral syndromes were predictive of individual diet or microhabitat in a native New Zealand freshwater fish, <i>Gobiomorphus cotidianus</i>. We carried out laboratory behavioral assays and repeated habitat and diet measurement in a semi-natural mesocosm system. We found considerable repeatability in individual behavior, largely consistent with a proactive/reactive behavioral syndrome. We also found modest individual repeatability in microhabitat use and relatively strong individual specialization in diet. However, no measure of niche use in the mesocosms was significantly predicted by individual personality. Further studies of this type will be needed to assess whether links between individual behavior and resource use are more important in other species or ecological contexts.
Speciation rate and the diversity of fishes in freshwaters and the oceans
<p class="CxSpFirst"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aim: The number of fish taxa that occur exclusively in marine biomes is approximately equal to the number that occur in freshwater biomes. Both the geographic area and habitable volume of the marine realm are vastly greater than for Earth's freshwater ecosystems, suggesting that the density of marine species is proportionately much lower in the oceans. Because freshwater lineages are relatively recently derived from older marine lineages, this difference in species density suggests that speciation rates might be elevated in freshwater systems. I tested whether speciation rates differ systematically between freshwater and marine habitats.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Location: Aquatic ecosystems worldwide</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Taxon: Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Methods: Marine-freshwater transitions were tabulated from literature survey and from ancestral state reconstruction. I tested for repeated effects of salinity transitions on speciation rate using formal state-dependent diversification methods (STRAPP, FiSSE). Using maximum likelihood, I then tested for absolute (unreplicated) differences in speciation rate between marine and freshwater lineages.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Results: Ray-finned fishes have undergone numerous transitions from marine to freshwater systems, but the vast majority of freshwater species richness has resulted from a handful of freshwater colonization events. Speciation rates in freshwater lineages are substantially faster on average than those of marine lineages, but transitions to freshwaters do not lead to elevated rates of speciation in general. This paradox of state-dependent diversification arises because of the disproportionate effect of several freshwater clades with high species richness and fast rates of speciation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Main Conclusions: Transitions to freshwater do not cause faster rates of speciation, but freshwater ecosystems worldwide are dominated by several clades with relatively fast rates of speciation. There is no evidence that invasion of a novel habitat (freshwater) is generally sufficient to trigger a burst of speciation in colonizing lineages. These results raise an important conceptual problem for the interpretation of state-dependent diversification analyses. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Gene family amplification facilitates adaptation in freshwater Unionid bivalve Megalonaias nervosa
<p>As organisms are faced with intense rapidly changing selective pressures, new genetic material is required to facilitate adaptation. Among sources of genetic novelty, gene duplications and transposable elements (TEs) offer new genes or new regulatory patterns that can facilitate evolutionary change. With advances in genome sequencing it is possible to gain a broader view of how gene family proliferation and TE content evolve in non-model species when populations become threatened. Freshwater bivalves (Unionidae) currently face severe anthropogenic challenges. Over 70% of species in the United States are threatened, endangered or extinct due to pollution, damming of waterways, and overfishing. We have created a reference genome for M. nervosa to determine how genome content has evolved in the face of these widespread environmental challenges. We observe a burst of recent transposable element proliferation causing a 382 Mb expansion in genome content. Gene family expansion is common, with a duplication rate of 1.16 x 10^-8 per gene per generation. Cytochrome P450, ABC transporters, Hsp70 genes, von Willebrand proteins, chitin metabolism genes, mitochondria eating proteins, and opsin gene families have experienced significantly greater amplification and show signatures of selection. We use evolutionary theory to assess the relative contribution of SNPs and duplications in evolutionary change. Estimates suggest that gene family evolution may offer an exceptional substrate of genetic variation in M. nervosa, with Psgv=0.185 compared with Psgv=0.067 for single nucleotide changes. Hence, we suggest that gene family evolution is a source of "hopeful monsters" within the genome that facilitate adaptation.</p>
Data from: Leaf litter decomposition in tropical freshwater swamp forests is slower in swamp than non-swamp conditions
<p><span><span>Decomposition is a key ecosystem function, and the rate of decomposition in forests affects their carbon storage potentials. Processes and factors determining leaf litter decomposition rates in dry-land and temperate forests are well understood, but these are generally poorly studied in tropical wetland forests, especially freshwater swamp forests (FSF). The home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts that soil microbes specialize in decomposing leaf litter produced by the tree species in their immediate vicinity. However, empirical support for the HFA is equivocal, and the HFA has never been tested in the highly heterogeneous and biodiverse ecosystems of tropical FSFs. We collected leaf litter from swamp and non-swamp tree species in a tropical FSF in Singapore and monitored the decomposition rates of these in swamp and non-swamp plots for a period of eight months. Leaf litter decomposed 3.7 times more slowly in swamp plots. Leaf litter from swamp tree species were significantly poorer in quality (higher C:N ratio) than those of non-swamp FSF tree species, but this had only a weak effect on decomposition rates. There was also only weak evidence for the HFA and only in non-swamp conditions. Our results show that while the leaf litter of tropical FSF swamp and non-swamp tree species differ significantly in chemical traits, litter decomposition rate is ultimately determined by local abiotic conditions, such as hydrology. Additionally, the high FSF tree diversity may prevent decomposer communities from specializing on any group of leaf litter types and thus limit the extent of HFA observed in such heterogeneous forests.</span></span></p>
A Baseline of Terrestrial Freshwater and Nitrogen Fluxes to the Southern California Bight, USA
<p>Terrestrial freshwater discharges into the Southern California Bight (SCB) contains nutrient and carbonate system constituents that make the region susceptible to eutrophication. This respository contains comprehensive time series discharge and constituent data of point and non-point sources, which consist of ocean outfalls, inland wastewater treatment plants, and rivers, to the SCB from the past twenty years and more. Constituents include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), iron (Fe), silica (Si) and carbonate system parameters. Many local and state government and non-government organization databases were accessed to construct this data set. In-house data that was previously not publicly available are published here as well. Predictive models and expert analysis addressed unmonitored sources and data gaps. </p> <p>The spreadsheet 'rivers_1997_2017_daily.xlsx' contains the data from 1997 to 2017 for 75 rivers alphabetically. River constituents include discharge volume, ammonium, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, total N, total P, phosphate, organic P, total organic C, organic N, total Fe, alkalinity, salinity, dissolved Fe, total inorganic C, and silicate.<br> File 'major_potw_1971_2017.xlsx' contains data from 1971 to 2017 for the four large POTWs in the SCB, of which data before 2007 was not publicly available until now. Constituents in this file are discharge volume, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biological oxygen demand, pH, TP, phosphate, OP, TOC, ON, TN, total Fe, silicate, alkalinity, salinity, and dissolved Fe. <br> The 'minor_potw_1997_2017.xlsx' contains data from 1997 to 2017 for the 19 minor POTWs alphabetically. Data from year 2000 was not publicly available until now. Constituents in this file are discharge volume, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biological oxygen demand, pH, TP, phosphate, OP, TOC, ON, TN, total Fe, silicate, alkalinity, salinity, and dissolved Fe. <br> The 'inland_POTW.xlsx' file contains averaged data from the year 2009, unless otherwise noted, for the 18 inland POTWs. The region and city given for each plant. The discharge volume, TN, TP, dissolved inorganic N, and dissolved inorganic P are listed for each plant. <br> The 'natural_rivers.xlsx' file contains summarized annually averaged input of natural riverine sources for each region of the SCB. The approximate watershed area of each region is given and constituents in this file are TN, TP, DIN, and DIP.</p>
Fig. 3 in All-inclusive descriptions of new freshwater snail taxa of the hyperdiverse family Tateidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from the South Island of New Zealand
Fig. 3. Shell morphology. Principal component analysis based on five shell measurements of Table 1.
Data from: Prey colonization in freshwater landscapes can be stimulated or inhibited by the proximity of remote predators
<p>1. Recent findings suggest that the colonization of habitat patches may be affected by the quality of surrounding patches. For instance, patches that lack predators may be avoided when located near others with predators, a pattern known as risk contagion. Alternatively, predator avoidance might also redirect dispersal towards nearby predator-free patches resulting in so-called habitat compression. However, it is largely unknown how predators continue to influence these habitat selection behaviors at increasing distances from outside of their own habitat patch. In addition, current information is derived from artificial mesocosm experiments, while support from natural ecosystems is lacking. 2. This study used bromeliad landscapes as a natural model system to study how oviposition habitat selection of Diptera responds to the cues of a distant predator, the carnivorous elephant mosquito larva. 3. We established landscapes containing predator-free bromeliad habitat patches placed at increasing distances from a predator-containing patch, along with replicate control landscapes. These patches were then left to be colonized by ovipositing bromeliad insects. 4. We found that distance to predators modulates habitat selection decisions. Moreover, different dipteran families had different responses suggesting different habitat selection strategies. In some families, predator-free patches at certain distances from the predator patch were avoided, confirming risk contagion. In other families, these patches received higher number of colonists providing evidence of predator induced habitat compression. 5. We confirm that effects of predators in a natural ecosystem can extend beyond the patch in which the predator is present and that the presence or absence of remote predator effects on habitat selection depends on the distance to predators. The notion that perceived habitat quality can depend on conditions in neighboring patches forces habitat selection studies to adopt a landscape perspective and account for the effects of both present and remote predators when explaining community assembly in metacommunities.</p>
Data from: Evidence-based restoration of freshwater biodiversity after mining: Experience from Central European spoil heaps
<p>Supplementary datasets for <strong>Kolar et al. (in press) Evidence-based restoration of freshwater biodiversity after mining: Experience from Central European spoil heaps. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology.</em></strong></p> <p>All related information can be found in the cited paper.</p> <p>When using the dataset for anything, cite the Kolar et al. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology </em>paper.</p> <p>For additional information, refer the paper or write to robert.tropek@gmail.com and kolarvojta@seznam.cz </p>
Data from: Genetic structure and diversity of the blueface darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum, a microendemic freshwater fish in the southeastern United States
Darters represent one of the most diverse groups of freshwater fishes in North America, but approximately 33% of the 215 recognized species are considered imperiled on the IUCN Red List. Discovery and description of new darter species continues at a relatively rapid pace, with many exhibiting microendemic geographic distributions and little baseline data for conservation decisions. The Blueface Darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum is a newly described species that occupies < 20 km of stream reaches in the Bear Creek system of the Tennessee River drainage and the Hubbard Creek system of the Black Warrior River drainage in the Mobile Basin (Alabama, USA). In addition to restricted distribution, the species is threatened by habitat degradation and several natural and man-made barriers that putatively fragment connectivity among populations. This study used microsatellite and mitochondrial (mt) DNA data with comparisons to the relatively broadly distributed sister species (Bandfin Darter E. zonistium) to evaluate multiple objectives about genetic connectivity and diversity among Blueface Darter populations. Analysis of mtDNA data indicated a lack of historical structuring across the Tennessee-Black Warrior river drainage divide and within the Bear Creek system. However, microsatellite-based Bayesian cluster analyses and F-statistics suggested contemporary isolation across the drainage divide and evidence for reservoir-induced fragmentation within the Bear Creek system. Compared to the sister Bandfin Darter, Blueface Darter populations exhibited reduced levels of genetic diversity, rendering them more susceptible to local extirpation and reduced fitness. Continued monitoring and quantitative ecological studies are recommended to understand population-specific measures of occurrence and abundance.
Data from: Increased habitat connectivity homogenizes freshwater communities: historical and landscape perspectives
1. Increases in habitat connectivity can have consequences for taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of communities. Previously isolated aquatic habitats were connected with canals and pipelines in the largest water development project in US history, the Columbia Basin Project (eastern Washington, USA), which also altered environmental conditions; however, the ecological consequences are largely unknown. 2. Using a historical dataset, we examined long-term patterns in zooplankton communities, water chemistry and clarity, testing the hypothesis that increased connectivity will result in taxonomic homogenization. Further, we tested contemporary drivers of communities using a comprehensive set of environmental and landscape variables. 3. Waterbodies were sampled for zooplankton community composition as well as physical and chemical variables inside and outside the Columbia Basin Project using methods consistent with historical studies. 4. We found significant declines in salinity inside the Columbia Basin Project, whereas changes in water clarity were prevalent across all waterbodies. Increased connectivity via canals homogenized zooplankton communities over time, as well as increasing regional richness. Other long-term changes in zooplankton communities may be related to climate change, invasive species, and land-use changes. 5. Synthesis and applications. Though canals may offer species spatial refugia, homogenization may decrease resilience to environmental stressors. These new hybrid aquatic landscapes, or hydroscapes, should be considered carefully in future water development, including specific plans for monitoring of species and environmental conditions, as well as mitigation of undesirable conditions and/or non-native species.
The population genomics of repeated freshwater colonizations by Gulf Pipefish
<p class="abstract_para">How organisms adapt to the novel challenges imposed by the colonization of a new habitat has long been a central question in evolutionary biology. When multiple populations of the same species independently adapt to similar environmental challenges, the question becomes whether the populations have arrived at their adaptations through the same genetic mechanisms. In recent years, genetic techniques have been used to tackle these questions by investigating the genome‐level changes underlying local adaptation. Here, we present a genomic analysis of colonization of freshwater habitats by a primarily marine fish, the Gulf pipefish (<em>Syngnathus scovelli</em>). We sample pipefish from four geographically distinct freshwater locations and use double‐digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing to compare them to 12 previously studied saltwater populations. The two most geographically distant and isolated freshwater populations are the most genetically distinct, although demographic analysis suggests that these populations are experiencing ongoing migration with their saltwater neighbours. Additionally, outlier regions were found genome‐wide, showing parallelism across ecotype pairs. We conclude that these multiple freshwater colonizations involve similar genomic regions, despite the large geographical distances and different underlying mechanisms. These similar patterns are probably facilitated by the interacting effects of intrinsic barriers, gene flow among populations and ecological selection in the Gulf pipefish.</p>
Data from: Geo-climatic factors drive diatom community distribution in tropical South American freshwaters
1.Patterns that maintain and generate biodiversity of macro-organisms in the Neotropics are widely discussed in the scientific literature, yet the spatial ecology of microorganisms is largely unknown. The unique character of the tropical Andes and adjacent Amazon lowlands generates a wide gradient of environmental conditions to advance our understanding of what drives community assembly and diversity processes. 2.We analyzed the distribution patterns of benthic diatoms (unicellular siliceous algae) as a model group of microbial passive dispersers, including predictors that describe limnological and geo-climatic gradients for a total of 113 waterbodies (0–28ºS and 58–80ºW), including lakes and streams. Complementary multivariate statistical analyses were performed to correlate i) community composition, and ii) diatom species richness with environmental and spatial factors to infer niche-based and dispersal-based assembly processes, respectively. 3.Results showed that two gradients structured both diatom assemblages and waterbodies, namely climate and landscape configuration. Variance partitioning revealed that broad-scale spatial variables (distance-based Moran's Eigenvectors) outperformed the two environmental components (limnological and geo-climatic), suggesting dispersal-assembled communities. However, diatom assemblages were structured by geo-climatic (regional) factors in certain lakes in the northern and central Andes, although their effects were partially manifested via local variables after the geographical distances were factored out. In a similar way, climatic and topographic structuring homogenized lake and stream communities within ecoregions, as indicated by the strong overlap between the two community types and the weak correlation between biota and limnological variables. Notably, a significant increase in diatom species richness was related to increased water connectivity, interpreted to indicate that a decrease in the remoteness of the system increase species number. 4.Synthesis. We emphasize the strength of macroecological gradients (landscape configuration and climatic factors) in affecting both diatom diversity and community composition in the South American tropics. In this context, our results and the commonalities of ecoregion patterning with groups of macroorganisms (vegetation), suggest the need to integrate microbial ecology into a macroecology framework to unravel mechanisms behind diversity gradients.
Data from: Molecular responses to freshwater limitation in the mangrove tree Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae)
<p><span>Environmental variation along the geographical space can shape populations by natural selection. In the context of global warming and changing precipitation regimes, it is crucial to understand the role of environmental heterogeneity in tropical trees adaptation, given their disproportional contribution to water and carbon biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigated how heterogeneity in freshwater availability along tropical wetlands has influenced molecular variations of the Black Mangrove (<em>Avicennia germinans</em>). Fifty-seven trees were sampled in seven sites differing markedly in precipitation regime and riverine freshwater inputs. Using 2,297 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphic markers, we found signatures of natural selection by the association between variations in allele frequencies and environmental variables, including the precipitation of the warmest quarter and annual precipitation. Additionally, we found candidate loci for selection based on statistical deviations from neutral expectations of interpopulation genetic differentiation. Most candidate loci within transcribed sequences were functionally associated with central aspects of drought-tolerance or plant response to drought. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of rapid evolution of a population, likely in response to sudden and persistent limitation in plant access to soil water, following a road construction in 1974. Observations supporting rapid evolution included the reduction in tree size and changes in allele frequencies and in transcripts expression levels associated with increased drought-tolerance, through accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, biosynthesis of plant cuticle, protection against stress-induced proteins degradation, stomatal closure, photorespiration and photosynthesis. We describe a major role of spatial heterogeneity in freshwater availability in the specialization of this typically tropical tree. </span></p>
Data from: Freshwater hydrozoan blooms alter activity and behaviour of territorial cichlids in Lake Tanganyika
Jellyfish blooms pose multiple threats to wild fish. Yet, we still know little about how blooms impact fitness-related behaviours of fish caught within their areas of effect, e.g. for littoral fish that are not able to relocate to avoid incoming blooms of stinging jellyfish. Here, we documented the behavioural impacts of freshwater jellyfish (Limnocnida tanganjicae) blooms on a territorial cichlid (Variabilichromis moorii) as well as on the wider community of cichlids in a shallow-water rocky habitat of Lake Tanganyika. Compared to non-bloom conditions, V. moorii individuals reduced their swimming and territory defence activities during jellyfish blooms (each by ~ 50%), but not their foraging or affiliative behaviours. Despite this reduction in activity, V. moorii could not entirely avoid being stung and preferred to remain closer to the rocky substrata as opposed to the more open demersal zone. Many other fishes similarly hid among the benthic substrata, changing the composition of the fish community in the demersal zone during bloom conditions. Reductions in activity could have multiple fitness-related implications for individual fish. Understanding these behavioural consequences is an important topic of research as blooms are predicted to increase in severity in the future especially along coastal habitats.
Data from: Evaluating shell variation across different populations of a freshwater snail
The freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum has become a model system for studying invasion ecology, host–parasite coevolution, the maintenance of sexual reproduction and ecotoxicology. One understudied aspect of this snail is the variation in morphology within and among populations, which could provide insights into ecological differences across its native range. In this study of 17 New Zealand lake populations of P. antipodarum we used linear measurements and geometric morphometrics to compare several aspects of shell size and shape. We found that, except for those from Lake Te Anau, most lake populations of P. antipodarum differ slightly in shape, but differ significantly in size and in the presence of spines, where larger and spinier snails are found in deeper regions. These striking distinctions in size and shell armature, but not in shape, suggest that the various components of form are under different selective regimes. Snails from Lake Te Anau are different in both shape and size, implying that this population is diverging from the rest of the species in multiple ways, making it an interesting study population for further research.
Data from: Multispecies conservation of freshwater fish assemblages in response to climate change in the southeastern United States
Aim: Streamflow and water temperature are primary variables influencing the distribution of freshwater taxa. Climate-induced changes in these variables are already causing shifts in species distributions, with continued changes projected in the coming decades. The Mobile River Basin (MRB), located in the southeastern United States, contains some of the highest levels of temperate freshwater biodiversity in North America. We integrated species distribution data with contemporary and future streamflow and water temperature data as well as other physical habitat data to characterize occurrence probabilities of fish species in the MRB with the goal of identifying current and future areas of high conservation value. Location: Mobile River Basin, southeastern United States Methods: We used a maximum entropy approach to estimate baseline and future occurrence probability distributions for 88 fish species in the MRB based on model-generated streamflow and water temperature as well as geologic, topographic, and land cover data. Areas of conservation prioritization were identified based on regions that contain suitable habitat for high levels of biodiversity according to baseline and future conditions while accounting for uncertainty associated with multiple future climate projections. Results: On average, flow (28%), water temperature (28%), and geology (30%) contribute evenly to determining suitable habitat for fish species in the MRB. Based on baseline and future species distribution model estimates, high priority streams (best 10%) are largely concentrated in the eastern portion of the MRB, with a majority (51%) located within the Coosa and Tallapoosa River systems. Main Conclusion: We provide a framework that uses relevant hydrologic and environmental data in the context of future climatic uncertainty to estimate areas of freshwater conservation opportunity in the coming decades. While streamflow and water temperature represent important habitat for freshwater fishes in the MRB, distributions are also constrained by other aspects of the physical environment.
Figure 5. from Collecting and Preserving Marine and Freshwater Isopoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4912 (12 May 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4912
Figure 5. - Kathy Omura holding whirl top bag containing sample which is ready to be filled with ethanol.
Figure 1. from Collecting and Preserving Marine and Freshwater Isopoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4912 (12 May 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4912
Figure 1. - Storage and shipping box also holds dive gear on small boats, large and small photographic trays, 10-12 liter [3 gallon] bucket with modified screw top lid and stainless steel carabiner, mesh dive sack, aquarium fish net, brass-framed mermaid's bra net (240 µm mesh or 63 µm for meiofauna), geology hammer, paint scraper, stainless steel spoon, dive sausage and reel. Photo credit: N. D. Pentcheff.
Figure 4. from Collecting and Preserving Marine and Freshwater Isopoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4912 (12 May 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4912
Figure 4. - N. Dean Pentcheff and Niel Bruce straining seawater containing isopods into mermaid's bra (netting). The bucket is swirled to suspend animals and quickly strained over the netting to retain them.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.