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FIG. 11. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 11. G-banded karyotype of a female N. schlieffenii, 2n = 34. Homology to MMY validated with painting probes from MMY, Tree shrew or black lemur is indicated by bold numbers. The remaining pairs were identified by G-band comparison with other vespertilionid species

FIG. 8. The G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 8. The G-banded karyotype of a male N. happoldorum with 2n = 24 chromosomes and their homology to M. myotis (MMY). Bold numbers indicate homology validated with FISH applying painting probes from MMY

FIG. 9 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 9. Heteromorphic condition of the fusion products of MMY18 and NOR-bearing MMY15 homologous chromosomal arms in N. happoldorum chromosome NHA8 shown after different staining procedures and FISH from left to right: h — homogeneous Giemsa staining, G — G-banding, Ag — AgNOR staining, C — C-banding, FISH with MMY18 and MMY15 painting probes. Both homologs differ concerning the position of the centromeres, which are highlighted by dashes. The left chromosome of each pair displays the result of a centric fusion between MMY15 and MMY18 homologous chromosomal arms. On the right chromosome of each pair, the centromere is located within the MMY18 homologous arm, transforming the morphology from submetacentric to subtelocentric. Note that the NORs are positioned at the SC of the long arm, as indicated by arrowheads

FIG. 7 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 7. Examples of G-banded X chromosomes: The banding patterns of the X chromosomes from L. kirinyaga (LKI) and N. schlieffeni (NSC) were similar to that of state II of the basic vespertilionid karyotype. The N. guineensis (NGU) X was the product of an X-autosome translocation and the X chromosomes from P. brunnea (PBR) and N. happoldorum (NHA) showed unique derived G-banding patterns

FIG. 4. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 4. G-banded karyotype of a male P. brunnea, 2n = 36. At the X, a horizontal line indicates the position of the centromere in the X chromosome of the basic karyotype, state II. Asterisks indicate interstitial heterochromatic segments

FIG. 3. X in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 3. X-autosome translocation in N. guineensis: The X chromosomes are shown after different staining procedures and FISH (G — G-banding, C — C-banding, R — replication banding procedure). Note the dark stained, early replicating distal part of the short arm in both X chromosomes, the early replicating (left homolog of the pair) and the late replicating (XL, right) long arms of the X chromosomes. FISH with the MMY X painting probe resulted in signals on the long arm of the N. guineensis X chromosome. FISH with a painting probe containing homologous sequences to Myotis chromosome 25 revealed signals on the short arm of the X

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Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among Viverra tangalunga inferred from mtDNA haplotypes from the concatenated 797 in The distribution of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga (Carnivora: Viverridae) across Southeast Asia: natural or human-mediated dispersal?

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among Viverra tangalunga inferred from mtDNA haplotypes from the concatenated 797-bp mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b sequences. Trees for each of the three analyses (neighbour joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) had similar topologies. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap support, with only values> 60% shown. Numbers in parentheses represent the number of individuals sharing the same haplotype; haplotype codes are listed in Appendix S3.

Fig. 11 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 11. Final phylogenetic tree. Relative Bremer supports are given above branches and symmetric resampling values higher than or equal to 70 are given below branches. Supports correspond to the highest values obtained for the following best K values: 1.632, 2.333, 6.143 or 9.000, under implied weighting.

Fig. 3 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 3C–H. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Surface of middle region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP). (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (E) Surface of posteriormost region of the AMSP (each arrowhead points to a cilium). (F) Bothridial stalk surface. (G) Detail of distal bothridial surface. (H) Proximal bothridial surface. (I) Surface of terminal mature proglottid.

Fig. 7 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 7B–D. (B) Distal bothridial surface. (C) Proximal bothridial surface. (D) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP), small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 7E. (E) Detail of the surface of anteriormost region of the AMSP. (F) Neck surface.

Fig. 9 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 9. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/4). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/4). (E) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmorregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.

Fig. 5 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 5. Septal musculature of bothridium of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/22). (B) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/23). (C) Longitudinal section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 738). (D) Transverse section of bothridium of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 739). (E) Longitudinal section of bothriudium of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 743). Abbreviations: lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; l, loculus; mls, medial longitudinal septum; mmb, marginal muscle bundles; ms, marginal septum; rm, radial muscle; tmb, transverse muscle bundles; ts, transverse septum.

Fig. 2 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 2. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae. (A) Whole mature worm (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa No. 736/4). (C) Scolex (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (D) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACNPa No. 736/4). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmorregulatory duct; ov, ovary; sr, seminal receptacle; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina.

Fig. 8 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 8. Light micrographs of anteriormost loculus of Echeneibothrium spp. (A) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/5). (B) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 741/13). Arrowheads indicate the posterior margin (A) and the central posterior and lateral posterior margins (B).

Fig. 10 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate the location of details shown in Fig. 10B, D, F, G. (B) Distal bothridial surface, small letter indicates the location of detail shown in Fig. 10E. (C) Surface of anteriormost region of the apical modification of scolex proper (AMSP). (D) Surface of middle region of the AMSP. (E) Detail of distal bothridial surface. (F) Proximal bothridial surface. (G) Surface of muscular band in proximal bothridial surface.

Fig. 12 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 12. Types of musculature morphology in bothridial medial longitudinal septum (MLS) according to Healy (2006a) and Franzese & Ivanov (2020). (A) MLS Type 1. (B) MLS Type 2. (C) MLS Type 3. (D) MLS Type 4. (E) MLS Type 5. Abbreviations: crg, central regular gaps; ig, irregular gaps; lg, large gap; lmb, longitudinal muscle bundles; mls, medial longitudinal septum; rm, radial muscle; tg, triangular gap.

Fig. 1 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 1. Light micrographs of whole mature worms of Echeneibothrium spp. from the Argentine Sea. (A) Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. from Bathyraja cousseauae (holotype MACN-Pa No. 734). (B) Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 740/8). (C) Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 742/1).

Fig. 6 in Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae

Fig. 6. Line drawings of Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 from Dipturus brevicaudatus. (A) Scolex (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/2). (B) Terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). (C) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of testes (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (D) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of cirrus sac (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (E) Cross section of terminal mature proglottid at the level of ovarian isthmus (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/10). (F) Detail of terminal genitalia in a terminal mature proglottid (voucher MACN-Pa No. 737/1). Abbreviations: amsp, apical modification of scolex proper; ao, apical organ; cs, cirrus sac; dod, dorsal osmoregulatory duct; ov, ovary; t, testes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens; vf, vitelline follicle; vg, vagina; vod, ventral osmoregulatory duct.

Fig. 3 in Systematic treatment of the Neotropical Philonthina (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini): Carmenlyrus gen. nov. and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 3. Habitus of (A) Carmenlyrus adrianae (female PT) [IRSNB ©], (B) C. newtoni (HT, male) [SEMC ©], (C) C. tapanti (HT, male) [SEMC©], and (D, E) C. thayerae (HT, male and female PT respectively) [FMNH©]. Not to scale.