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FIGURES 5 in Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species
FIGURES 5. Adult males of Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense. (A) RMNH 37389, SVL = 20.5 mm; (B) SMNS 12247, SVL = 20.4 mm; (C) MTD 48145, SVL = 22.0 mm; (D) MTD 48147, SVL = 21.0 mm. Photographs by SCF (A), RE (B), MB (C, D).
FIGURE 1 in Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 1. Limits of the Guiana Shield sensu Gibbs and Barron (1993). Numbered circles correspond to approximated localities of Hyalinobatrachium species for this area including the biogeographic additions for amphibians of Señaris and Mac- Culloch (2005). For clarity, in some cases a numbered circle could refer to several closely situated localities. For details on localities see Appendix II.
FIGURES 6 in Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species
FIGURES 6. Tadpoles of (A) Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, (B) H. iaspidiense; (C, D) H. mondolfii. RE (A,B), MB (C,D).
FIGURE 10 in Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 10. Adult males of Hyalinobatrachium taylori. (A) Holotype, BMNH 1939.1.1.65, SVL = 19.0 mm; (B) IRSNB 13987, SVL = 19.0 mm; (C, D) MNHN 2011.0112; SVL= 21.0 mm. Photographs by PK (A–B) and MB (C–D).
FIGURES 8 in Species diversity of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) from the Guiana Shield, with the description of two new species
FIGURES 8. Adult males of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii. (A) Topotype, MHNLS 17122, SVL = 22.2 mm; (B) MNHN 2011.0126, SVL = 23.0 mm; (C) MTD 48148, SVL = 22.0 mm; (D, E) SMNS 12255, SVL = 20.7 mm; (F) egg clutch on the underside of a leaf. Photographs by SCF (A), MB (B–C, F) and RE (D–E).
FIGURE 10 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 10. Map of the middle Río de la Plata basin. Distributions of the two new species (A. angiru and A. ykeregua) and their relatives, as well as five areas of endemism are shown. Percent values and corresponding arrows demonstrate sequence divergences in the cytb gene (see Fig. 2) between the species and areas of endemism in the río Iguazú and río Uruguay river drainages (plus the arroyo Urugua–í). Divergence of A. ykeregua from its sister species A. forquilha is 2.3%. This divergence probably represents the minimum age of the Salto Moconá. Divergence of A. kaaygua from its sister species A. tembe is 3.8%, and of A. angiru from A. tembe is similarly 3.6–3.7%. This probably represents the age of the division of the arroyo Urugua–í from the río Iguazú. Divergence of A. angiru from its sister species A. minuano is 4.2%. This is likely a divergence of the rio Iguaçu and río Uruguay drainages. Divergence of A. angiru from A. kaaygua (4.8%), two unrelated species endemic to the río Iguazú river drainage, demonstrates an old divergence within the Iguazú drainage basin itself. See Discussion for more detailed description of the biogeography.
FIGURE 11 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 11. Phylogeny of all valid and one putative species of Australoheros based on 38 morphological characters. Ottoni and Costa (2008), Ottoni et al. (2008), Ottoni and Cheffe (2009) and Ottoni (2010) have diagnosed the Brazilian coastal species by a unique combination of 14 + 12 vertebrae. Our examination of material from some of the drainages (see Figs E and F) instead shows a combination of 13 + 13 vertebrae, which is not unique among Australoheros. Our phylogenetic analyses have thus been performed with both combinations (14 + 12 in Figs A and B; 13 + 13 in Figs C – F). The three upper Figs (A, C, E) show maximum parsimony (MP) topologies, the lower three show neighbour joining (NJ) topologies (with branch lengths showing amount of morphological divergence; B, D, F). Numbers at nodes show bootstrap support. Bold black nodes and branches show agreement between all analyses (MP and NJ separately), bold grey nodes and branches agreement between two of three analyses. The interrupted-line boxes show the relationships and branch lengths among the northern Brazilian coastal species. Notable is the collaps of their relationships under the 13 + 13 scenario (Figs C – F) and the markedly short branches separating these species (Figs B, D, F). The short branches separating these species are much more similar to intraspecific variability among other species of Australoheros (grey boxes in Fig. F) than to interspecific branch lengths (grey-line boxes in Fig. F). This low differenciation of the northern Brazilian coastal species is also evident from Fig. E, where the morphological matrix (Appendices 1 and 2) is mapped onto the phylogeny (geographical distribution of the species is also shown). Most species, with the exception of the northern Brazilian coastal species, are diagnosed by unique characters or unique combinations of characters. The average number of changes among interspecific pairs described by Říčan and Kullander (2003, 2008, this study) is 98.5, while among intraspecific comparisions it is 20.7. The average for comparisons among the species described by Ottoni and Costa (2008), Ottoni et al. (2008), Ottoni and Cheffe (2009) and Ottoni (2010) is 20.5, i.e. corresponding to variation within species of Říčan and Kullander (op. cit.). Based on these considerations we believe that the number of described species from the northern Brazilian coastal drainages is a case of excessive splitting and that the species diversity is actually much lower.
FIGURE 8. Australoheros angiru. Holotype, MCP 13937, 73.2 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 8. Australoheros angiru. Holotype, MCP 13937, 73.2 mm SL, rio Jacutinga, rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 6. Australoheros ykeregua, MACN-ict 9472, 66.2 mm SL. This specimen shows a continuous lateral band extending beyond the midlateral spot and the checker-board spot pattern of unpaired fins (also evident in the holotype and the majority of specimens).
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 5. Australoheros ykeregua, MACN-ict 9470, 90.5 mm SL. This specimens shows the dark color of the dorsal fin and the midlateral blotch and vertical bars.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 4. Australoheros ykeregua, MACN-ict 9467, 102.0 mm SL, holotype, right side (reversed). This specimen does not show vertical bars after preservation, but see Fig. 7 of the same specimens photographed alive.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 3. Combined MP morphological-molecular phylogeny with between-state scaling internal weighting between morphological and molecular data (L=2457; N=1; CI=0.58; RI=0.49). Node support values show MP bootstrap for two types of analyses (left: between-state scaling internal weighting structure / right: all characters weighted equally).
FIGURE 9. Australoheros angiru. Paratype, MCP 13011, 48.1 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 9. Australoheros angiru. Paratype, MCP 13011, 48.1 mm SL, rio Jacutinga, rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 1. Tree-based delimitation using MP phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. The tree shown is one of two MP trees (L= 693; N=2; CI=0.51; RI=0.66), which differ only in the internal topology of A. angiru. Branch lengths represent morphological divergences.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 7. Color plate. Horizontaly from upper left to lower right. Australoheros forquilha, rio Forquilha, rio Uruguai drainage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (not preserved). Australoheros ykeregua (MACN-ict 9467, holotype), río Uruguay drainage, arroyo Paraiso (or Canal Muerto), Misiones province, Argentina. Australoheros kaaygua (MACN-ict 9473), río Iguazú drainage, small stream 7 km SW from Andresito, Misiones province, Argentina. Australoheros angiru, male in neutral colors, rio Chopim, rio Iguaçu drainage, Paraná, Brazil (not preserved). A. angiru, male and female in breeding colors guarding fry, same locality (not preserved). All A. angiru photographs courtesy of Wolfgang Staeck.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Río de la Plata basin Australoheros species using BI. Node support values shown for MP/BI analyses. The alternative dotted topology represents neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis. Asterisk denotes posterior probability of 1.00.
FIGURES 5A–E. Chrysometa petrasierwaldae n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients
FIGURES 5A–E. Chrysometa petrasierwaldae n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 7A–D in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients
FIGURES 7A–D. Chrysometa spp. AB. Chrysometa candianii n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. CD. Chrysometa minuta (Keyserling). C. Male palp, ventral view. D. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: AB, 0.5mm; CD, 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 1. Study area. A in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients
FIGURES 1. Study area. A) South America; B) Northern South America (rectangle of map A enlarged). The mountain range at the left of the map represents the northern part of the Andes, and the mountainous region in the center of the map is the Guayana Shield, showing the study area in its southern part; C) Closer view of the study area (rectangle of map B enlarged), showing the two sampled sites, the Pico da Neblina (red circle) and the Serra do Tapirapecó (blue triangule). The white line represents the boundary between Brazil and Venezuela.
FIGURES 3A–E. Chrysometa saci n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients
FIGURES 3A–E. Chrysometa saci n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.5 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.