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Fig. 14 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 14. Small subunit rRNA gene phylogenetic tree showing systematic positions of astome ciliates isolated from lumbricid earthworms. Posterior probabilities for Bayesian Inference (BI) and bootstrap values for Maximum Likelihood (ML) were mapped onto the 50%-majority rule Bayesian consensus tree. Dashes indicate ML bootstrap values below 50%. The phylogenetic tree suggests that the evolution of endosymbiotic astome ciliates has proceeded through a specialization to various ecological and systematic groups of their host organisms. Sequences in bold face were obtained during this study. For specimen codes and further details, see Table 4. The scale bar denotes eight substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

Fig. 11 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 11. Anoplophrya vulgaris de Puytorac, 1954 (A–C) and Anoplophrya nodulata (Dujardin, 1841) (D–E), Slovak specimens in vivo. A–B. Ventral views, showing the nuclear apparatus, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrow marks the apical suture. C. Detail of the anterior body region, showing the apical suture (arrow) and the meridional ciliary rows composed of very narrowly arranged basal bodies. D–E. Optical sections, showing the general body organization. The body is ovate to broadly fusiform with both ends rounded. The macronucleus is rodlike with slightly irregular surface. There are two rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 50 µm; C = 20 µm.

Fig. 12 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 12. Anoplophrya nodulata (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A–B. Ventral views, showing the general body organization. The body is ovate with both ends rounded. The macronucleus is rod-like and extends through the cell's midline. In dying cells, the macronucleus diminishes in size leaving behind a conspicuous hyaline envelope. There are two rows of contractile vacuoles, extending right and left of the macronucleus. C. Lateral view, showing the distinctly dorsoventrally flattened body. Arrowheads denote the right row of contractile vacuoles. Scale bars: 50 µm.

Fig. 10 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 10. Anoplophrya vulgaris de Puytorac, 1954, Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the nuclear apparatus, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the somatic ciliary pattern. B–C. Details of the anterior body pole and the posterior body region, showing the course of the somatic kineties. Arrow denotes the apical suture. D–F. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. Drawn to scale. Scale bars: 50 µm.

Fig. 8 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 8. Anoplophrya lumbrici (Schrank, 1803), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the nuclear apparatus, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the somatic ciliary pattern. B–C. Details of the anterior and posterior body pole, showing the apical and the terminal suture. D. In dying cells, the macronucleus diminishes in size leaving behind a conspicuous hyaline envelope. The macronucleus sometimes also fragments within the envelope in postmortem cells. E–I. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. The micronucleus is situated conspicuously far away from the macronucleus, namely, near the middle of the left body margin and always opposite to the row of contractile vacuoles. Drawn to scale. Scale bars: A, E–I = 50 µm; D = 20 µm.

Fig. 9 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe

Fig. 9. Anoplophrya lumbrici (Schrank, 1803), Slovak specimens in vivo. A, D. Optical sections, showing the general body organization. The body is elliptical with both ends rounded. The macronucleus is rodlike and extends through the cell's midline. The micronucleus is situated conspicuously far away from the macronucleus, namely, near the middle of the left body margin and always opposite to the row of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). B. Ventral view, showing the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads denote the contractile vacuoles which originate by fusion of three to five vesicules. C. In dying cells, the macronucleus diminishes in size leaving behind a conspicuous hyaline envelope. The macronucleus sometimes also fragments within the envelope in postmortem cells. E. Frontal view, showing the apical suture. Scale bars: A–B, D = 50 µm; C, E = 20 µm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2019View details →

FIGURE 2 in An integrative taxonomy of Vescelia pieli pieli species complex based on morphology, genes and songs from China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Phaloriinae)

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Vescelia spp. in China.

opennotspecifiedJul 2024View details →

FIGURE 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new species of karst-dwelling Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the border region of Laos and Vietnam

FIGURE 1. Type localities of the species of Hemiphyllodactylus of clade 6 (Agung et al., 2022).

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURE 3 in Integrative approach resolves the taxonomy of the Ozothamnus ledifolius (Asteraceae: Gnaphaliae) species complex in Tasmania, Australia

FIGURE 3. NeighborNet graph of SNP data for 80 samples of the Ozothamnus ledifolius complex.

opennotspecifiedJul 2024View details →

Figure 14 in Integrative taxonomy clarifies the armoured catfish Hypostomus pusarum (Starks) species complex (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) and reveals a new species in the drainages of Northeastern Brazil

Figure 14. Distribution of the Hypostomus cari, new species, in the Parnaíba ecoregion (PNBA).

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Table 4 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Table 4. Conchometric characteristics of type specimens of the newly described lymnaeid species and a sample of Orientogalba ollula.<table><tbody><tr><th>Character /index</th><th>Species (number of measured shells)</th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Galba pacifica (N = 14)</td><td>Kamtschaticana nipponica</td><td>Orientogalba hokkaidoensis</td><td>Orientogalba ollula</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(N = 5)</td><td>(N = 9)</td><td>(N = 10)</td></tr><tr><th>Number of whorls</th><td>4.25–5.25</td><td>3.50–4.00</td><td>4.25–5.25</td><td>3.37–5.12</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>4.72 ± 0.38</td><td>3.81 ± 0.24</td><td>4.90 ± 0.40</td><td>4.19 ± 0.45</td></tr><tr><th>Shell height (SH), mm</th><td>6.0–8.8</td><td>9.3–12.0</td><td>9.3–11.7</td><td>6.53–9.52</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>7.5 ± 1.0</td><td>10.0 ± 1.2</td><td>10.9 ± 0.7</td><td>7.50 ± 0.96</td></tr><tr><th>Shell width (SW), mm</th><td>3.5–5.2</td><td>6.5–8.4</td><td>6.1–7.3</td><td>4.07–5.69</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>3.6 ± 0.8</td><td>7.2 ± 0.8</td><td>6.7 ± 0.4</td><td>4.62 ± 0.56</td></tr><tr><th>Spire height (SpH), mm</th><td>2.3–4.7</td><td>2.2–3.9</td><td>2.2–4.2</td><td>2.18–3.76</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>3.6 ± 0.8</td><td>3.0 ± 0.7</td><td>3.6 ± 0.7</td><td>2.76 ± 0.48</td></tr><tr><th>Body whorl height (BWH), mm</th><td>4.7–6.5</td><td>8.2–10.8</td><td>7.1–9.6</td><td>4.59–7.95</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>5.7 ± 0.6</td><td>9.0 ± 1.0</td><td>8.7 ± 0.8</td><td>5.89 ± 0.85</td></tr><tr><th>Aperture height (AH), mm</th><td>3.3–4.6</td><td>6.5–8.2</td><td>5.9–7.8</td><td>4.23–7.52</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>3.9 ± 0.4</td><td>7.1 ± 0.7</td><td>7.1 ± 0.6</td><td>4.89 ± 1.02</td></tr><tr><th>Aperture width (AW), mm</th><td>2.1–3.3</td><td>6.5–8.2</td><td>4.7–5.6</td><td>2.56–3.96</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>2.7 ± 0.3</td><td>5.0 ± 0.7</td><td>5.2 ± 0.3</td><td>3.24 ± 0.42</td></tr><tr><th>Index SW/SH</th><td>0.53–0.75</td><td>0.69–0.83</td><td>0.58–0.66</td><td>0.59–0.66</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>0.60 ± 0.06</td><td>0.72 ± 0.06</td><td>0.62 ± 0.03</td><td>0.62 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><th>Index SpH/SH</th><td>0.38–0.54</td><td>0.25–0.34</td><td>0.19–0.38</td><td>0.33–0.41</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>0.48 ± 0.04</td><td>0.29 ± 0.05</td><td>0.33 ± 0.06</td><td>0.37 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><th>Index BWH/SH</th><td>0.72–0.83</td><td>0.88–0.95</td><td>0.62–0.87</td><td>0.62–0.84</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>0.77 ± 0.03</td><td>0.90 ± 0.02</td><td>0.80 ± 0.07</td><td>0.79 ± 0.08</td></tr><tr><th>Index AH/SH</th><td>0.45–0.63</td><td>0.65–0.76</td><td>0.62–0.73</td><td>0.59–0.85</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>0.52 ± 0.05</td><td>0.71 ± 0.05</td><td>0.65 ± 0.03</td><td>0.65 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><th>Index AW/AH</th><td>0.61–0.85</td><td>0.62–0.78</td><td>0.66–0.83</td><td>0.49–0.75</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>0.70 ± 0.06</td><td>0.70 ± 0.07</td><td>0.73 ± 0.04</td><td>0.67 ± 0.08</td></tr></tbody></table>In each cell, above line,limits of variation (minimum–maximum); below line,mean value ± σ.

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Table 1 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Table 1. The type series of the new lymnaeid species described in this paper.<table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>N</th><th>Sampling site and date</th><th>Depository, accession number</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Galba pacifica (the holotype and a paratype)</th><td>2</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Biei Town, the Ishikari River system, a ditch near the Rubeshibe Stream, 43.520331°N, 142.372452°E, 7 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>ZIN, no. 1/531-2021 (holotype), 3/531-2021 (paratype)</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Biei Town, the Ishikari River system, a ditch near the Kawamukai Stream, 43.528123°N, 142.594829°E, 7 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>ZIN, no. 2/531-2021</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (paratypes)</th><td>3</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Hidaka Town, the Saru River system, a ditch near the Pankeusyappu Stream, 42.927325°N, 142.402711°E, 9 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>ZIN, no. 3/531-2021</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Shimukappu village, the Mukawu River system, a ditch near the Horokatomamu Stream, 43.058562°N, 142.529372°E, 8 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>ZIN, no. 4/531-2021</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (paratypes)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Shin-hidaka Town, the Shizunai River system, a ditch near the Sunbetsu Stream, 42.445675°N, 142. 549053°E, 17 September 2013, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/7</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (paratypes)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Shin-hidaka Town, the Shizunai River system, a ditch near the Sunbetsu Stream, 42.445675°N, 142.549053°E, 17 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/6</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Nakagawa Town, the Teshio River system, a ditch near the Chirashinai Stream, 44.72604°N, 142.062333°E, 8 August 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/2</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Niseko Town, the Shiribetsu River system, a ditch near the Konbu Stream, 42.772299°N, 140.598945°E, 25 May 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/1</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Engaru Town, the Yubetsu River system, a ditch near the Shiyubetsu Stream, 43.862232°N, 143.189478°E, 6 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/5</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Naie Town, the Ishikari River system, Naie Stream, 43.391666°N, 141.975526°E, 3 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/4</td></tr><tr><th>G. pacifica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Wakkanai City, the Koetoi River system, Uruya Stream, 45.261444°N, 141.906737°E, 9 August 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1113/3</td></tr><tr><th>Kamtschaticana nipponica (the holotype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Sarabetsu village, ZIN, no. 1/528-2021 the Tokachi River system, Itarataraki Stream, 42.627161°N, 143.265175°E, 3 October 2013, leg. Y. Ohari</td></tr><tr><th>K. nipponica (paratypes)</th><td>4</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Sarabetsu village, the ZIN, no. 2/528-2021 Tokachi River system, Saccharobetsu Stream, 42.627161°N, 143.265175°E, 22 June 2013, leg. Y. Ohari</td></tr><tr><th>K. nipponica (paratypes)</th><td>3</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Obihiro City, the Tokachi River system, Tobetsu Stream, 42.766686°N, 143.202864°E, 18 September 2013, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1115/2, MLym-1115/3, and MLym-1115/4</td></tr><tr><th>K. nipponica (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Rankoshi Town, a ditch near the Shiribetsu River, 42.815818°N, 140.535244°E, 25 May 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1115/1</td></tr><tr><th>Orientogalba hokkaidoensis (the holotype + paratypes)</th><td>3</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Hokuto City, a ZIN, no. 1/530-2021 (holotype), ditch near the Hikirichi Stream, 41.842808°N, 2/530-2021 (paratypes) 140.634441°E, 29 June 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td></tr><tr><th>O. hokkaidoensis (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Horokanai Town, the Ishikari River system, a ditch near the Uryu Stream, 44.052343°N, 142.142657°E, 4 September 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>ZIN, no. 3/530-2021</td></tr><tr><th>O. hokkaidoensis (paratypes)</th><td>3</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Tomomae Town, the Kotanbetsu River system, a ditch near the Sankebetsu River, 44.192775°N, 141.771754°E, 7 August 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1114/1, no. MLym-1114/2, and no. MLym-1114/3</td></tr><tr><th>O. hokkaidoensis (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Kikonai Town, the RMBH, no. MLym-1114/4 Kikonai River system, a ditch near the Uriya Stream, 41.687164°N, 140.386156°E, 29 June 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td></tr><tr><th>O. hokkaidoensis (a paratype)</th><td>1</td><td>Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Fukushima Town, a ditch near the Fukushima River, 41.490724°N, 140.250207°E, 29 June 2015, leg. Y. Ohari</td><td>RMBH, no. MLym-1114/5</td></tr></tbody></table>

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Table 5 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Table 5. The faunal groups to which the native pond snails of the studied region belong (based on their current distribution).<table><tbody><tr><th>Faunal group</th><th>Species included</th><th>N (%)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Beringian</th><td>Dallirhytis atkaensis, Kamtschaticana sp.1</td><td>2 (14.3)</td></tr><tr><th>East Asian</th><td>Galba pacifica, Ladislavella liogyra, Orientogalba ollula, Radix plicatula</td><td>4 (28.6)</td></tr><tr><th>Holarctic</th><td>Radix auricularia</td><td>1 (7.1)</td></tr><tr><th>Japanese</th><td>Kamtschaticana nipponica, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, Radix onychia</td><td>3 (21.4)</td></tr><tr><th>Nearctic</th><td>Walhiana arctica, Walhiana catascopium</td><td>2 (14.3)</td></tr><tr><th>North Asian</th><td>Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, Lymnaea sorensis</td><td>2 (14.3)</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/7c4524ba-bd3a-4f71-84b8-2285ff4c0916">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7c4524ba-bd3a-4f71-84b8-2285ff4c0916</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7c4524ba-bd3a-4f71-84b8-2285ff4c0916">https://gbif.org/dataset/7c4524ba-bd3a-4f71-84b8-2285ff4c0916</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Disentangling the identity of Lebertia porosa Thor, 1900 using integrative taxonomy (Acari: Hydrachnidia)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/16187747-eff3-4aa7-af9c-a2d2036d4b87">https://bionomia.net/dataset/16187747-eff3-4aa7-af9c-a2d2036d4b87</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/16187747-eff3-4aa7-af9c-a2d2036d4b87">https://gbif.org/dataset/16187747-eff3-4aa7-af9c-a2d2036d4b87</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

openOct 2024View details →

Integrative taxonomy of the cycad-associated weevils of the Tranes group, with a revision of Tranes Schoenherr, a key to all taxa and an assessment of host specificity in the group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)

Unedited photos used in the taxonomic research, NT_Alignment for phylogenetic analysis and Unrooted Tree File

FIGURE 8 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 8. Genitalia of P. directus sp. nov. A. dorsal viewed; B. lateral viewed; C. ventral viewed.

FIGURE 6 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 6. Genitalia of P. rotundus sp. nov. A. dorsal viewed; B. lateral viewed; C. ventral viewed.

FIGURE 5 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 5. Bodies of P. rotundus sp. nov. A. male; B. female. Scale bar: 10 mm

FIGURE 3 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 3. Copulation of P. directus sp. nov. (female above male).