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Figure 3 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 3. Estimate of phylogeny for all 11 Subterraneobombus species by Bayesian analysis of a single consensus CO1 barcode sequence for each species (derived from the sequences in Figure 2), from a consensus of 18 002 sample trees after burn-in. The out-group (Bombus haemorrhoidalis, not shown) was chosen using the results of Cameron et al. (2007). Values next to the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (see Fig. 2). The scale bar represents 0.02 expected substitutions per nucleotide site.

Figure 106 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 106. Estimate of the phylogeny for all 11 Subterraneobombus species by Bayesian analysis of the total evidence of 658 CO1 nucleotides, reduced to consensus sequences for each species, and of 27 morphological characters for the species (Fig. 4), but with morphological character-state changes (Appendix 1) optimized with WINCLADA (ASADO v.1.7; http://www.cladistics.com, accessed 2009): numbers above the branches are the character numbers; numbers below the branches are the character-state changes; solid squares show unique character-state changes; open squares show parallel or reverse character-state changes.

Figure 6 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 6. Global distribution of sample sites indicated as coloured spots, with the colours showing the elevation (scale at left). Cartesian orthonormal projection (as for the following maps): north at the top of the map.

Figures 11–13 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figures 11–13. Global distribution of material examined (grey spots) and successfully sequenced (black spots) for the species of the fragrans group. The inset scatter plots show activity by phenology (x-axis: day of the year, letters refer to months) and elevation (y-axis: metres).

Figure 4 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 4. Estimate of phylogeny for all 11 Subterraneobombus species by Bayesian analysis of 27 morphological characters (excluding autapomorphies, data in Appendix 1) from a consensus of 18 002 sample trees after burn-in. The out-group (Bombus haemorrhoidalis, not shown) was chosen using the results of Cameron et al. (2007). Values next to the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (see Fig. 2). The scale bar represents 0.06 expected state changes per character.

Figure 99. A biogeographic scenario for all 11 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 99. A biogeographic scenario for all 11 species of Subterraneobombus by dispersal–vicariance analysis with DIVA using the tree from Figure 5 as an estimate of the phylogeny. Shaded branches above show simplified reconstructions of the ancestral distributions for each of the nodes that they precede (where area reconstructions are ambiguous, the more inclusive/widespread solution is accepted). See the text for details of the area units.

Figure 5 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 5. Estimate of phylogeny for all 11 Subterraneobombus species by Bayesian analysis of the total evidence of 658 CO1 nucleotides (Fig. 2), reduced to a single consensus sequence for each species, in combination with the 27 morphological characters for the species (Fig. 4), from a consensus of 18 002 sample trees after burn-in. The out-group (Bombus haemorrhoidalis, not shown) was chosen using the results of Cameron et al. (2007). Values next to the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (see Fig. 2). The scale bar represents 0.02 expected changes per nucleotide site or character.

Figure 2 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 2. Estimate of phylogeny for 212 samples of all 11 Subterraneobombus species by Bayesian analysis of CO1 barcode data (frame length 658 nucleotides, sequence data available from BOLD, specimen data available from the DB#) from a consensus of 36 002 sample trees after burn-in. The out-group (Bombus haemorrhoidalis) was chosen using the results of Cameron et al. (2007). The codes following the taxon names are the four-figure specimen identifiers (DB#), or longer IDs from BOLD, with country abbreviations: BUL, Bulgaria; CAN, Canada; CHN, China; FRA, France; IND, India; IRN, Iran; KAZ, Kazakhstan; KYR, Kyrgyzstan; MON, Mongolia; NEP, Nepal; NZL, New Zealand; POL, Poland; RUS, Russia; SWE, Sweden; SYR, Syria; THA, Thailand; TUR, Turkey; UKB, Britain; USA, United States of America. Values next to the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities for groups (groups with values of less than 0.9 are considered unreliable); values of less than 0.5 within species have been removed. Asterisks mark individuals from sites closest to the type localities of the primary types for each of the species names, which were regarded as informal proxies for types when applying names within this analysis. The scale bar represents 0.3 expected substitutions per nucleotide site.

Figure 1 in The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Figure 1. Estimate of phylogeny for eight of the 11 Subterraneobombus species (vouchers identified by PW) by Bayesian analysis of five genes (opsin, EF-1a, arginine kinase, PEPCK, and 16S) from Cameron et al. (2007), with divergence times estimated by Hines (2008) (the time scale is in millions of years before the present; values next to the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/parsimony bootstrap values). Redrawn from Hines (2008).

FIGURES 8–11. Lasioseius foliatisetus n in A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

FIGURES 8–11. Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp., adult female. 8. Ventral idiosoma; 9. Tritosternum; 10. Part of peritreme; 11. Spermathecal apparatus.

FIGURES 5–7. Lasioseius foliatisetus n in A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

FIGURES 5–7. Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp., adult female. 5. Dorsal idiosoma; 6. Seta Z4; 7. Seta R1.

FIGURES 1–4. Lasioseius foliatisetus n in A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

FIGURES 1–4. Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp., adult female. 1. Lateral (antiaxial) view of chelicera; 2. Palp; 3. Epistome; 4. Hypostome.

FIGURE 17 in A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

FIGURE 17. Maximum Likelihood analysis showing position of the Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp. and its relationships with other Mesostigmata species based on sequences of the CytB gene. Numbers above the branches indicate bootstrap values based on 1000 replications

FIGURE 18 in A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

FIGURE 18. Maximum Likelihood analysis showing position of the Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp. and its relationships with other Mesostigmata species based on sequences of the 28S 1–3 domain gene. Numbers above the branches indicate bootstrap values based on 1000 replications

FIGURES 24–30 in New record of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae) in China: DNA barcode, adult, immature stages, host plant and biology

FIGURES 24–30 Pupa of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi 24, ventral view; 25, dorsal view; 26, lateral view; 27, subcircular hollow surrounded by two crescent sclerotizations; 28, genitalia orifice and anus, male; 29, genitalia orifices and anus, female; 30, curved and hooked setae on cremaster.

FIGURES 2–10 in New record of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae) in China: DNA barcode, adult, immature stages, host plant and biology

FIGURES 2–10. Adults and wing venations of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi 2–3, normal phenotype, male; 4, brown phe-

FIGURES 11–19 in New record of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae) in China: DNA barcode, adult, immature stages, host plant and biology

FIGURES 11–19. Genitalia and pockets of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi 11 and 13, male genitalia and aedeagus, genitalia slide no. WYH0013; 12, valva with shorter cucullus, genitalia slide no. WYH0017; 14–15, aedeagus of variable lengths, 15, vesica protruded, length of aedeagus referring to the distance between blue dots, that of cornutus between red dots, genitalia slide nos. 14, WYH0011, 15, WYH0017; 16, pockets with androconial scales, slide no. WYH0009; 17, female genitalia, WYH0014; 18, coniform granules in ductus bursae; 18, signum with teeth along edge.

FIGURES 20–23 in New record of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae) in China: DNA barcode, adult, immature stages, host plant and biology

FIGURES 20–23 Larva and biology of Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi 20, larva; 21–23, mines, arrows indicating early small mines.

FIGURE 46 in Identification of larvae of two Aphodius Helwig, 1798 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species using morphology and DNA barcode

FIGURE 46. Neighbor Joining tree (Jukes-Cantor model) for 49 COI sequences of 13 Aphodius species. Bootstrap values are shown next to the nodes, branch lengths representing evolutionary distances are shown under the branches (only non-zero values are indicated). The sequences obtained during this study are in bold.

FIGURES 37–45 in Identification of larvae of two Aphodius Helwig, 1798 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species using morphology and DNA barcode

FIGURES 37–45. Aphodius (B.) ictericus, third instar larva. 37–39, labrum in dorsal (37) and ventral (38, 39[SEM]) view; 40–41, left mandible in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) view; 42–43, right mandible in dorsal (42) and ventral (43) view; 44–45, labio-maxillary complex in dorsal (44) and ventral (45) view.