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FIGURE 4. Halityle regularis Fisher, 1913 in A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan*

FIGURE 4. Halityle regularis Fisher, 1913 (RUMF-ZE-00035): A, abactinal view of entire animal in living condition; B, actinal view of entire animal in living condition; C, close-up of the proximal odd plate on the actinal surface showing the smooth surface, and coarse granules surrounding the plate; D, adambulacral armature on the 14th–13th adambulacral plates with arrows indicating the lanceolate pedicellariae (proximal region is on the right). Scales: A, B = 50 mm; C, D = 2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan*

FIGURE 2. Calliaster elegans Döderlein, 1922 (RUMF-ZE-00033): A, abactinal view of entire animal in living condition; B, close-up of the abactinal surface; C, close-up of the actinal surface; D, paddle-like pedicellariae on the actinal plates indicated by arrows. Scales: A = 5 mm; B, C = 2 mm; D = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Comanthus kumi n in Comanthus kumi, a new shallow-water comatulid (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comasteridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan*

FIGURE 4. Comanthus kumi n. sp., holotype, RUMF-ZE-00025, pinnules: A, PD, lateral view; B, P1, lateral view; C, P5, lateral view. Scales = 1.0 mm; upper for whole pinnules, lower for enlarged pinnulars.

FIGURE 1. Patagiaster sphaerioplax Fisher, 1913 in A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan*

FIGURE 1. Patagiaster sphaerioplax Fisher, 1913 (RUMF-ZE-00032): A, abactinal view of entire animal in living condition; B, denuded actinal surface showing the 5 odd plates on the interradial midline. Scales: A = 10 mm; B = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Thyone vilis Sluiter, 1910 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 8. Thyone vilis Sluiter, 1910. Lectotype, ZMUA, H1114. A. Calcareous ring (middorsal view); B. Table from body wall; C. Rod from tube foot.; D. Table from introvert; E. Rosette from introvert; G. Plate of?Molo Strait specimen. (A–G copied from Sluiter 1910); F. Plate from Molo Strait specimen (author's examination). (All ossicles to same scale).

FIGURE 4 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 4. Stolus cognatus (Lampert, 1885) USNM- E22532. A. Body wall ossicles; B. Tube feet ossicles; C. Introvert rosettes (closed); D. Introvert rosettes (open); E. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal view). (All ossicles to same scale).

FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone nozawai (Mitsikuri, 1912) n. comb. USNM E2285. A. Tables from tentacles; B. Introvert tables; C. Tentacle plates. (All to same scale).

FIGURE 3 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 3. Sclerothyone nozawai (Mitsikuri, 1912) n. comb. Holotype. SEM of table ossicles of A. Tube feet; B. Body wall; C. Introvert.

FIGURE 10 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 10. Thyone?n.sp. A. Calcareous ring; B. Body wall tables; C. Tube feet deposits; D. Introvert tables; E. Tentacle ossicles; F. Tube foot end plates.(All ossicles to same scale).

FIGURE 6 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 6. Stolus parafusus (Deichmann, 1941) n. comb. USNM E2221. Knobbed tables/buttons from body wall; B. Table from tube foot. (All to same scale).

FIGURE 9. Thyone vilis Sluiter, 1910. USNM E48738 A, B & C in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 9. Thyone vilis Sluiter, 1910. USNM E48738 A, B & C. Regular, irregular and round tables of body wall; D.Tube feet deposits.

FIGURE 7 in Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea:Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 7. Stolus uniannulatus (Sluiter, 1914) n. comb. A. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal); B. Plates and rosettes from the introvert.

FIGURE 5 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 5. Colour variability in Mediterranean Ophioderma longicauda. A–C, dorsal, ventral and ovaries of a dark brown spm from Banyuls sur Mer (SMNH-102630), the oocytes are ochre with a green tinge; D, E, dark brown spm from Marseille (SMNH-38756), dorsal and ventral aspect, traces of red on the ventral side are no longer present after several years in ethanol; F, G, brown spm from Cyprus (SMNH-99790); H, I, vividly green spm from Lebanon (SMNH-99766); J, K, olive green and brown spm from Cyprus (SMNH-99790); L, M, brooding spm from Cyprus (SMNH-80284) with brown dorsal side and green and brown ventral side; N–P, brooder (SMNH-80284) with brown and olive dorsal pattern and green and brown ventral side; N, opened ventral interradius filled with juveniles; P, dorsal disk removed, showing the ovaries filled with juveniles (in total 1,048). SMNH, Swedish Museum of Natural History catalogue numbers; spm, specimen.

FIGURE 2 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 2. Examples of morphological variation in Ophioderma longicauda at a size of 15 mm disk diameter. Note differences in the shape (width:length) of oral shields and in the number of arm spines and oral papillae. Ventral disk aspect: (A) brown spm from Marseille; (B) red-brown spm from Cyprus; (C) green male spm from Cyprus; (D) brooding spm from Cyprus, arrow points to juvenile in bursal slit. Arm dorsally: (E) brown spm from Marseille; (F) red-brown spm from Cyprus; (G) green male from Cyprus; (H) brooding female from Cyprus. Arm laterally: (I) brown spm from Marseille; (J) red-brown spm from Cyprus; (K) green male from Cyprus; (L) brooder from Cyprus. SEM images. AS, adoral shield, ASp, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; spm, specimen; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 1. Map of the Mediterranean Sea with sampling localities of Ophioderma longicauda. Brooding specimens were found in the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, off Tunisia, Lebanon and Cyprus (grey dots). In the northwestern parts and the northern Aegean, as well as Malta, only non-brooding O. longicauda were found (black dots). BAN, Banyuls-sur-Mer; Cr, Crete; CYP, Cyprus; GRE, Greece; Is, Israel; MAR, Marseille; LEB, Lebanon; Rh, Rhodes; Tu, Tunisia.

FIGURE 4 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 4. Ratio of oral shield width:length (OSL:W) plotted against disk diameter (DD) in Mediterranean Ophioderma longicauda, based on locality and reproduction mode.

FIGURE 7 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 7. Reconstruction of the COI phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes of Ophioderma longicauda using the Neighbour Joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Numbers near nodes are bootstrap values (from the NJ tree/from the ML reconstruction). Bold, underlayed haplotypes mark the green specimens and arrows indicate brooding specimens. All specimens from Cyprus are brooding females (SMNH-80284), GRE 1, 2, 5 (SMNH-80283) are of indeterminate sex, GRE 3, 4 (SMNH-80283) are females, LEB 4, 5 (SMNH-47650, 47647) are females, LEB 7 is indeterminate (SMNH-47647), LEB A, B (SMNH-70956), A is brooding, B is a male; other specimens were not sexed. Marseille specimens were from lot SMNH-102357 and Madeiran ones from SMNH-35615. CYP, Cyprus; GCA, Gran Canaria; GRE, Greece; LEB, Lebanon; MAD, Madeira; MAR, Marseille; PAL, La Palma; SMNH, Swedish Museum of Natural History.

FIGURE 6 in Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

FIGURE 6. Brooding female of Ophioderma longicauda and SEM images of juveniles. Ventral disk aspect with juveniles visible in proximal bursal slits (A), close-up of juvenile escaping from bursal slit (B), SEM image of juvenile in bursal slit (C), dorsal aspect of juvenile (D), ventral aspect of juvenile (E), lateral arm of juvenile (F), ventral interradius of juvenile (G). AS, adoral shield; Asp, arm spine; ASS, adoral shield spine; LAP, lateral arm plate; TP, terminal plate. Arrows indicate juveniles in bursal slits. Scale bars (A, B), 1 mm, (C–G), 100 µm.

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FIGURE 7 in Psychropotid holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida) collected at abyssal depths from around the Crozet Plateau in the Southern Indian Ocean*

FIGURE 7. Psychropotes longicauda, St. 15773#32. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (scale a=5 cm); C, side view schematically; D, E, dorsal deposits (scale b=0.15 mm).