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A new genome of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha
Background <p>Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species-poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus <em>Campylomormyrus</em> is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. <em>Campylomormyrus</em> serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorph fish in general and of electric fish in particular.</p> Results <p>A high-quality weakly electric fish (<em>C. compressirostris</em>) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of <em>Paramormyrops</em> <em>kingsleyae</em> and <em>Scleropages</em> <em>formosus</em>. A CAFE5 analysis of gene family evolution comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (<em>Cyprinus</em> <em>carpio</em> and <em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of <em>C</em>. <em>compressirostris</em>.</p> Conclusions <p>We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appears to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among <em>Campylomormyrus</em> species.</p>
Figure 6 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 6. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., female holotype, 8.3 mm (MOUFPE 15999). (A) epimeral plate 1, lateral view; (B) epimeral plate 2, lateral view; (C) epimeral plate 3, lateral view; (D) right uropod 1, lateral view; (E) right uropod 2, lateral view; (F) right uropod 3, lateral view; (I) telson, dorsal view. Female paratype, 7 mm (MOUFPE 15962). (G) right uropod 3, lateral view. Female paratype, 3.8 mm (MOUFPE 20004). (H) right uropod 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D-F = 0.5 mm; G = 0.3 mm; H-I = 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 4. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., female holotype, 8.3 mm (MOUFPE 15999). (A) right gnathopod 1, lateral view; (B) right gnathopod 2, lateral view; (C) right pereopod 3, lateral view; (D) right pereopod 4, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 7 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 7. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., male allotype, 8.6 mm (MOUFPE 20003). (A) head, lateral view; (B) head, dorsal view; (C) right antenna 1, lateral view; (D) right antenna 2, dorsal view; (E) right gnathopod 1, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 8 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 8. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., male allotype, 8.6 mm (MOUFPE 20003). (A) right gnathopod 2, lateral view; (B) right pereopod 7, lateral view; (C) epimeral plate 1, lateral view; (D) epimeral plate 2, lateral view; (E) epimeral plate 3, lateral view; (F) right uropod 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A-B and F = 0.5 mm; C-E = 1.0 mm.
Figure 2 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., female holotype, 8.3 mm (MOUFPE 15999). (A) head, lateral view; (B) head, dorsal view; (C) right antenna 1, lateral view; (D) right antenna 2, lateral view; (E) upper lip, dorsal view; (F) lower lip, ventral view; (G) right maxilla 1, dorsal view; (H) right maxilla 2, dorsal view; (I) right maxilliped, dorsal view. Scale bars: A-D = 0.5 mm; E-H = 0.1 mm; I = 0.3 mm.
Figure 3 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 3. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., female holotype, 8.3 mm (MOUFPE 15999). (A) left mandible, mesial view; (B) right mandible, mesial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 5 in First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil
Figure 5. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov., female holotype, 8.3 mm (MOUFPE 15999). (A) right pereopod 5, lateral view; (B) right pereopod 6, lateral view; (C) right pereopod 7, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Fig. 13 in A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Fig. 13. Kazimierzus sp., live specimen. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Photo by S. James)
Fig. 14. Microchaetus vernoni Plisko, 1992 in A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Fig. 14. Microchaetus vernoni Plisko, 1992, paratype, entire length 2.6 m.
Fig. 11. Michalakus initus Plisko, 1996 in A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Fig. 11. Michalakus initus Plisko, 1996, holotype.
Fig. 12. Microchaetus papillatus Benham, 1892 in A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Fig. 12. Microchaetus papillatus Benham, 1892, live juvenile specimen. (Photo by A. Armstrong)
Fig. 2 in A new family Tritogeniidae for the genera Tritogenia and Michalakus, earlier accredited to the composite Microchaetidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Fig. 2. Tritogenia howickiana (Michaelsen, 1913), lectotype (ZMUH V-7658). Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in Natalimyzidae, a new African family of acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Schizophora: Sciomyzoidea)
Fig. 1. Habitus of Natalimyza milleri, female (Van Reenen's Pass).
Ultraconserved elements support the elevation of a new avian family, Eurocephalidae, the white-crowned shrikes
<p>In this study, we infer genus-level relationships within shrikes (Laniidae), crows (Corvidae), and their allies using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We confirm previous results of the Crested Shrikejay (<em>Platylophus</em> <em>galericulatus</em>) as comprising its own taxonomic family and find strong support for its sister relationship to laniid shrikes. We also find strong support that the African-endemic genus <em>Eurocephalus</em>, which comprises two allopatric species (<em>E. ruppelli </em>and<em> E. anguitimens</em>), are not shrikes. We propose elevating the white-crowned shrikes to their own family, Eurocephalidae. </p>
Wide range of Brachyceran fly taxa attracted to synthetic and semi-synthetic generic noctuid lures and the description of new attractants for Sciomyzidae and Heleomyzidae families - RAW Data
<p>Wide range of Brachyceran fly taxa attracted to synthetic and semi-synthetic generic noctuid lures and the description of new attractants for Sciomyzidae and Heleomyzidae families - RAW Data </p>
Figure 1 in A new species of Maldivea Gerlach, 1962 (Nematoda, Oxystominidae) from Felidhoo atoll (Maldives, Indian Ocean) and an emended diagnosis of the sub-family and genus
Figure 1. Type localities of Maldivea xarifae and M. complexa n. sp.
Figure 2 in A new species of Maldivea Gerlach, 1962 (Nematoda, Oxystominidae) from Felidhoo atoll (Maldives, Indian Ocean) and an emended diagnosis of the sub-family and genus
Figure 2. Drawing of the total body of the male of Maldivea complexa n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm.
Fig. 4. Kushia zosteraphila. Female. A in New record of the family Porcellidiidae Boeck, 1865 (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) in Korea
Fig. 4. Kushia zosteraphila. Female. A: P1; B: P2; C: P3; D: P4. Scale bar in μm.
Data from: Little bits of dragonfly history repeating exemplified by a new Pennsylvanian family
<p>During its 320 million years evolution, dragon- and damselflies (Odonata) wing morphology underwent intense modifications. The resulting diversity prompted comparative analyses focusing on phylogeny. However, homoplasy proved to plague wing-related characters. Concurrently, limited benefits were obtained from considering fossil taxa, similarly impacted. Herein we investigate two aspects particularly affected by convergence, namely the acquisition of vein-like structuring elements derived from regular cross-venation, termed conamina; and the evolution of butter knife wing shape. Conamen implementation is found to be consistently linked with vein curvature sharpening, itself generating potential breaking points. Conamina therefore likely evolved to address wing integrity issues during ever-more-demanding flight performance. Moreover, an existing conamen is likely to trigger the acquisition of further, associated conamina. As for butter knife shape, previously documented in the extinct Archizygoptera and among damselflies, we report a new, 315-million-years-old occurrence with the rare species <em>Haidilaozhen</em> <em>cuiae</em> gen. et sp. nov. (family Haidilaozhenidae fam. nov.), from the Xiaheyan locality (China). The repeated acquisition of butter-knife-shaped wing can be related to slow-speed flight and, in turn, predator avoidance. In both cases of iterated regularities, the unique 'network-and-membrane' wing design proper to insects is found to compose a strong, constraining factor.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.