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454 results for “Alien species”
Data from: A prioritised list of invasive alien species to assist the effective implementation of EU legislation
1. Effective prevention and control of invasive species generally relies on a comprehensive, coherent and representative list of species that enables resources to be used optimally. European Union (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species (IAS) aims to control or eradicate priority species, and to manage pathways to prevent the introduction and establishment of new IAS; it applies to species considered of Union concern and subject to formal risk assessment. So far, 49 species have been listed but the criteria for selecting species for risk assessment have not been disclosed and were probably unsystematic. 2. We developed a simple method to systematically rank invasive alien species according to their maximum potential threat to biodiversity in the EU. We identified 1323 species as potential candidates for listing, and evaluated them against their invasion stages and reported impacts, using information from databases and scientific literature. 3. 900 species fitted the criteria for listing according to IAS Regulation. We prioritised 207 species for urgent risk assessment, 59 by 2018 and 148 by 2020, based on their potential to permanently damage native species or ecosystems; another 336 species were identified for a second phase (by 2025), to prevent or reverse their profound impacts on biodiversity; and a further 357 species for assessment by 2030. 4. Policy implications. We propose a systematic, proactive approach to selecting and prioritising invasive alien species for risk assessment to assist European Union policy implementation. We assess an unprecedented number of species with potential to harm EU biodiversity using simple methodology that we developed, and recommend which species should be considered for risk assessment in a ranked order of priority along the timeline 2018-2030, based on their maximum reported impact and their invasion history in Europe.
Data from: Pollen–pistil interactions in reproductive interference: comparisons of heterospecific pollen tube growth from alien species between two native Taraxacum species
1. Reproductive interference (RI), any negative interspecific interaction during the reproductive process, has been gaining increasing attention due to its potential explanatory power for the mutually exclusive distribution of closely related species. RI in plants may occur during any of three stages: pollen transfer, pollen–pistil interactions or hybridization. Pollen–pistil interactions may be especially important as most studies of RI have suggested the involvement at this stage. Details of these interactions are required to fully explore RI and are especially relevant in considering the impact of RI in the field. 2. We present a plausible explanation of how RI functions in the pollen–pistil interaction stage using two Japanese native dandelions, Taraxacum japonicum and Taraxacum longeappendiculatum, of which only the former is vulnerable to RI from an alien congener, Taraxacum officinale. We conducted a series of hand pollinations in these native dandelions and compared pollen tube behaviour to examine differences associated with vulnerability and imperviousness to RI from the alien. 3. The two native dandelions differed in terms of the absence/presence of pollen tube elongation after heterospecific pollination (pollination with only T. officinale): pollen tubes grew through the ovaries of the vulnerable T. japonicum, but not through those of the impervious T. longeappendiculatum. In vitro hand pollination verified that the alien pollen tubes could extend into the ovaries of T. japonicum. 4. Our results show that RI from the alien dandelion consumed ovules by heterospecific pollen deposition. The pistils of the impervious native species could prevent growth of the alien pollen tubes, thereby sparing the ovules for fertilization by conspecific pollen. The pistils of the vulnerable species lacked interspecific incompatibility against the alien, and thus, the alien pollen tube entered the ovary, eliminating an opportunity for conspecific pollen fertilization. This consumption of ovules by heterospecific pollen tubes would cause a seed set failure, leading to reduced abundance and a further exertion of RI in the next generation, which explains displacement of the vulnerable species by the alien in the field.
Data from: Modeling spatial expansion of invasive alien species: relative contributions of environmental and anthropogenic factors to the spreading of the harlequin ladybird in France
Species distribution models (SDM) have often been used to predict the potential ranges of introduced species and prioritize management strategies. However, this approach assumes equilibrium between occurrences and environmental gradients, an assumption which is violated during the invasion process, where many suitable sites are empty because the species has not yet reached them. Here we considered the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a case study to show the benefits of using a dynamic colonization–extinction model that does not assume equilibrium. We used a multi-year occupancy model incorporating environmental, anthropogenic and neighborhood effects, to identify factors that explained spreading variation of this species in France from 2004, when only a few occupied sites were detected, to 2011. We found that anthropogenic factors (urbanization, agriculture, vineyards, and presence/absence of highways) explained more variation in the diffusion process than environmental factors (winter and summer temperatures, wind-speed, and rainfall). The surface of urbanization was the major anthropogenic factor increasing the probability of colonization. The average summer temperature was the main environmental factor affecting colonization, with a negative effect when high or low. The neighborhood effect revealed that colonization was mostly influenced by contributions coming from a radius of 24 km around the focal cell. The contribution of neighborhood decreases over time, suggesting that H. axyridis is reaching its equilibrium in France. This is confirmed by the small discrepancy observed between the performance of our approach and a SDM approach when predicting a single year occupancy pattern at the end of the study period. Our approach has the advantage of explicitly modelling the state of the biological system during the spatial expansion and identifying colonization constraints. This allows managers to explore the effect of different actions on the system at key moments of the invasion process, hence providing a powerful approach to prioritize management strategies.
FIGURE 7. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 7. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal view of the interiors of the transverse walls of three zooids, showing the arc of uniporous septula, with a cluster of such pores on each side where the arc upturns; note the crenulations in the slightly raised distal rim of each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm.
FIGURE 4. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 4. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Bifurcation of zooid rows; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 1. Cochin Harbour, southwest coast of India. ● = the collection site of Biflustra perambulata n. sp.
FIGURE 3. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 3. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids, including one that has initiated a new zooid row; note the diminution of the cryptocyst midproximally in each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm.
FIGURE 6. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 6. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids in lateral view, showing the interior of a lateral wall; note the high position in the wall of the pore-plates, with subjacent parietal muscle scars and the scar of the operculum occlusor muscle at right. Note also the slightly elevated distal rims of autozooids as seen in profile. Scalebar: 100 μm.
FIGURE 8. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 8. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (right) and ephebic zooids of B. grandicella (Canu & Bassler) from New Zealand (left); note the difference in the relative size of the zooids, the different proportions of their respective cryptocysts, and the difference in granularity. Scale-bar: 200 μm.
FIGURE 5. Biflustra perambulata n in Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India
FIGURE 5. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal rim of an autozooid in a continuous zooid row; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm.
FIGURES 1–3 in A new species of the genus Alienates Barber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae: Alienatinae) from Venezuela
FIGURES 1–3. Alienates thomasi sp. nov. Baňař & Štys, female holotype, 1, dorsal habitus; 2, pterothorax and abdomen, dorsal view; 3, lateral habitus. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURES 4–6 in A new species of the genus Alienates Barber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae: Alienatinae) from Venezuela
FIGURES 4–6. Alienates thomasi sp. nov. Baňař & Štys, female holotype, 4, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 5, head and pronotum, lateral view; 6, left fore leg, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 3 in Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Watersipora subtorquata from (A–C) St Peter Port, Guernsey and (D–F) St-Jacut-de-la-Mer, France. A, D are general views of zooids; B, E, show orifices; C, F, the left condyle at high magnification.
FIGURE 1. Watersipora subtorquata. A, B in Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species
FIGURE 1. Watersipora subtorquata. A, B. Orange colonies from St Peter Port, Guernsey (no scale); C, D. Black colonies from St-Jacut-de-la-Mer, Brittany. Scale-bar marked in cm.
FIGURE 4 in Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species
FIGURE 4. Light photomicrographs of orifices and opercula of Watersipora. Scale bar = 100 Μm. A–D, orifices; E–H, opercula. A. W. subtorquata, St-Jacut-de-la-Mer, France; B. W. subtorquata, St Peter Port, Guernsey; C. W. subovoidea, Arrawarra, New South Wales, Australia; D. W. subovoidea, Genoa, Italy; E. W. subtorquata, St-Jacut-de-la-Mer, France; F. W. subtorquata, St Peter Port, Guernsey; G. W. subovoidea, Naples, Italy; H. W. subovoidea, Genoa, Italy. In A–D, note the differences in condyles (the left one in each picture arrowed); in E–H, compare the sides of the central dark band, concave in W. subtorquata, parallel in W. subovoidea.
Dataset: Global hotspots and correlates of alien species richness across taxonomic groups
<p>Data-set and data sources used in analyses, including alien species richness for 8 taxonomic groups and socio-economic, climatic and geographic variables of 609 geographic regions.</p>
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 4. Figures, tables and captions
<p>Figures, tables and captions from Chapter 4: Impacts of biological invasions on nature, nature’s contributions to people, and good quality of life. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 5. Figures, tables and captions
<p>Figures, tables and caption from Chapter 5: Management; challenges, opportunities and lessons learned. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 3. Figures, tables and captions
<p>Figures, tables and captions from Chapter 3: Drivers of biodiversity change affecting biological invasions. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
The Three Mosquiteers Learn About Invasive Alien Species (English & Greek version)
<p>The Three Mosquiteers are short stories of three friends that try to raise awareness about important ecological issues such as biological invasions in the case of the leaflet. This leaflet was developed and funded by COST Action Alien CSI</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.