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PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 51–59. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 43–50. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 43–46, external views. Fig. 43. Whole valve view, showing thickened interstriae and blunt spines about the dorsal margin. Fig. 44. View of valve mantle near apex of the valve. Raphe is sinuous, dilated at the proximal end and barely extending onto the valve face. Fig. 45. View of mid-valve showing solid blunt spines on the dorsal margin. Thick interstriae separate striae which bear round occlusions. Fig. 46. Girdle view of a frustule near apex. Raphe branches can be seen on both valves. One valve possesses 10 cingulum elements, which all bear poroids. Figs. 47–50, internal views. Fig. 47. Whole valve. Striae occur in narrow troughs. Pseudosepta are present at the poles. Fig. 48. Valve apex, with helictoglossa and rimoportula present. Fig. 49. Mid-valve showing narrow troughs of the striae. Fig. 50. Apex of the valve.

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 18–27. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 28–33. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 28–30, external views. Fig. 28. Whole valve showing valve outline and distal raphe ends curing ca. ¼ of the way from the ventral margin towards dorsal margin. Figs 29, 30. Valve apices, with distal raphe end dilated slightly and curved onto the valve face. Areolae are occluded externally. Figures 31–33, internal views. Fig. 31. Whole valve, with pseudosepta present at each apex. Figs 32, 33, valve apices. Striae appear to be in continuous vertically-oriented troughs. Helictoglossa is short. The rimoportula is sessile, small.

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 34–42. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 2. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 2. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 12–17. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 12– 14, external views. Fig. 12. Whole valve showing thickened ridges between striae. Fig. 13. View of mid-valve showing striae multiseriate at the dorsal margin and onto the mantle, but uniseriate across the valve face. Fig. 14. Valve apex showing striae uniseriate on valve face and mantle. Distal raphe end curves ca. 1/3 of the way from the ventral margin towards the dorsal margin. Figs 15–17, internal views. Fig. 15. Whole valve view with pseudosepta present at apices. Fig. 16. Dorsal margin with striae multiseriate, becoming uniseriate across the valve face. Fig. 17. Valve apex showing pseudoseptum and helictoglossa.

PLATE 1. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 1. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 1–11. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

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FIGURES 22–27 in Gomphonema supersaprophilum sp. nov., a new diatom species (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Flemish rivers (Belgium)

FIGURES 22–27. Gomphonema supersaprophilum Van de Vijver & E.Reichardt, sp. nov. SEM images taken from the holotype sample (BR-4831, Devebeek, Ingelmunster, Wet-Vlaanderen, Belgium, sample APM23-73). 22. SEM external view of an entire valve in oblique view showing the valve mantle. 23. SEM external detail of the central area showing the isolated pore (arrow) and the slit-like areolae. 24. SEM external detail of the footpole with the apical pore field bisected by the terminal raphe fissure. 25. SEM internal view of an entire valve. 26. SEM internal detail of the central area showing the isolated pore (arrow) and the hooked central raphe endings. Note the reduced silica struts. 27.SEM internal detail of the footpole with the helictoglossa. Scale bars = 10 µm (Figs 22, 25) = 1 µm (Figs 23, 24, 26, 27).

Figure 1 in Why Surirella amphioxys is not an Iconella (Bacillariophyceae)

Figure 1. Taxonomist's desktop. A. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1988): Surirella amphioxys W.Sm. "2, 4–8= original material". B. Lange-Bertalot & Krammer (1987): Surirella brebissonii var. punctata Krammer, original material.

FIGURES 123–149 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 123–149. LM micrographs of the type materials. 123–131. Fragilaria intermedia (Grunow) Grunow from Tuji & Williams (2013); 132–149. Fragilaria neointermedia Tuji & Williams (2013) from type material Grunow (slide W-1901-0004076). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 40–122 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 40–122. LM micrographs of the type materials. 40–75. Fragilaria recapitellata (Grunow) J.B. Petersen, individuals from Kützing's type material in packet 861, sheet 586 (slide – BM 101312); 76–107. Fragilaria perminuta, type material 2592 in Grunow's collection (slide W-2011-01898). 108–122. F. capucina Desmazières type material (slide BM! 81302). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 34–39 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 34–39. SEM micrographs of Fragilaria candidagilae Almeida, C. Delgado, Novais & S. Blanco from Ribeira do Botão (Mondego basin), 13/02/2012. 34. Complete valve in external view with rimoportula on bottom apex. 35, 36. Complete valves in internal view with a rimoportula on bottom apex; 36. Arrow is pointing to open girdle band 37. Complete frustule in girdle view with arrow pointing to open girdle band. 38. Detail of the apex in external view, with the rimoportula clearly visible. 39. Detail of the apex of the frustule in external view, with the apical pore fields (APF). Scale bar = 10 μm..

FIGURES 2–33 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 2–33. LM micrographs of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. Almeida, C. Delgado, Novais & S. Blanco. 2–19. Fragilaria candidagilae Almeida, C. Delgado, Novais & S. Blanco from Ribeira do Botão, (Mondego basin), 13/02/2012 (type population). 20–33. Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. Almeida, C. Delgado, Novais & S. Blanco from Brasfemes stream (Mondego basin), 13/02/2012. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 1 Geographic localization of the sampling sites where Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. was found in Portugal. Type locality is represented with a black circle. ○ Douro basin, □ Mondego basin, ∆ Ribeiras do Algarve watersheds.

FIGURE 150 in Examination and comparison of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with type material of Fragilaria recapitellata, F. capucina, F. perminuta, F. intermedia and F. neointermedia (Fragilariales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 150. Comparison of the type population of Fragilaria candidagilae sp. nov. with the type material of related taxa. Data fitted to convex hulls. Sample sizes in table 4. Top: PCA plot of Bookstein-transformed valve outline pseudolandmark coordinates. Down: length/ width scatterplot. Grey: F. candidagilae. Red: F. recapitellata. Green: F. intermedia. Dark blue: F. capucina. Light blue: F. perminuta. Purple: F. neointermedia. ®: Lectotype. Μ: Epitype. ¡: Iconotype.

FIGURES 67–71 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 67–71. SEM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. from various rivers of French Guiana. 67–68. Internal view of frustules from the river Mana showing the simple structure of the raphe, the weakly elevated helictoglossae and the detail of the hymenes covering the areolae. 69–71. External views (epivalves) of frustules sampled respectively in the rivers Mana, Arataï (Approuague Basin) and Oyapock.

FIGURES 55–56 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 55–56. SEM micrographs of the type material of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. External views showing multiseriate striae in grooves, the costae sometimes larger than the striae with cross-bar network whose expansion cover the striae and interrupt them close to the sternum. Deep cavities in line along the raphe sternum.

FIGURES 57–66 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 57–66. LM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. population from the River Mana, French Guiana. Range of sizes. Scale bare = 10 μm.

FIGURES 43–54 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 43–54. LM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. from the type locality, River Nouvelle France, French Guiana. Range of sizes. Transapical rows of dots alongside the raphe clearly visible. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 35–42 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 35–42. SEM micrographs of Lacuneolimna zalokariae gen. nov., comb. nov. 35–40. Material from the Nouvelle France River. 35–37. External views showing pluriseriate striae in grooves, costae with a network of cross-bars (diverticuli-like). Straight raphe slit with proximal endings drop-shaped, weakly deflected to the primary side or almost straight (as common in the Sellaphoraceae) and distal fissures strongly bent to the secondary side. 38. Tilted view showing the rectangular aspect of the girdle. 39, 40. Internal views with simple structure of the raphe slit and small helictoglossae. 40. Areolae covered by hymenes while they are corroded in Fig. 39 (open alveoli). Comparatively very small areolae lying in shallow troughs, ca. 120 in 10 μm. 41–42. External views (hypovalve and epivalve) of cells sampled respectively in the rivers Mana and Oyapock.