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1,970 results for “CONCEPT”
Figure 5. Mnementh brennei n. gen. n in On a new species and genus in the Cypridini (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from South Africa, with a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe and a discussion on the genus concept in this group
Figure 5. Mnementh brennei n. gen. n. sp., male, Western Cape, South Africa. (A) T3 (OC.2917); (B) T2 (OC.2915); (C) attachment of caudal ramus (OC.2915); (D) caudal ramus (OC.2915). Scale: 20× (A, B); 10× (C, D).
Figure 2. Mnementh brennei n. gen. n in On a new species and genus in the Cypridini (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from South Africa, with a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe and a discussion on the genus concept in this group
Figure 2. Mnementh brennei n. gen. n. sp., Western Cape, South Africa. (A) Female, LV, internal view (OC.2922); (B) female, RV, internal view (OC.2922); (C) male, LV, internal view (OC.2915); (D) male, RV, internal view (OC.2915); (E) male, carapace, right lateral view (OC.2921); (F) female, carapace left lateral view (OC.2919); (G) female, RV, internal view, detail of anterior part (OC.2922); (H) female, LV, internal view, detail of anterior part (OC.2922); (I) male, RV, internal view, detail of anterior part (OC.2915); (J) female, RV, internal view, detail of posterior part (OC.2922); (K) female, carapace, ventral view, detail of anterior part (specimen lost); (L) male, carapace, right lateral view, detail of anterior part (OC.2921); (M) female, carapace, ventral view (specimen lost); (N) male, carapace, dorsal view (OC.2920). Scale bar: 2170 mm (A–F, M, N); 926 mm (G–L).
Figure 1 in On a new species and genus in the Cypridini (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from South Africa, with a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe and a discussion on the genus concept in this group
Figure 1. Map showing localities of Mnementh brennei n. gen. n. sp. in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.
FIG. 1. — Les concepts d in L'odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens (Cuvier, 1817) (Proboscidea, Mammalia): données issues du gisement d'En Péjouan (Miocène moyen du Gers, France)
FIG. 1. — Les concepts d'Elephantimorpha et d'Elephantida. Redessiné d'après Shoshani et al. (1998: fig. 1A).
Analysis of the concept of informal economy through 102 definitions: legality or necessity
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The processes of informal economy are well established, but the same cannot be said of their conceptual treatment in the academic literature. They constitute complex phenomena that cut across sectors and disciplines and give rise to other elements that simultaneously reject and encourage them. For many formal stakeholders in the economy, they are an enemy to be beaten; for the authorities, informal activity is seen as a loss of revenue for the state coffers; for the Sustainable Development Goals, by implicitly recognizing them in goal 8, they constitute a paradigm shift. Meanwhile, the reality for those involved in the informal economy is that it is a way of life and not a mere choice, one that leads to the most social of all economies: that of necessity. There is no consensus among academics on informality and its ramifications, hence the need to analyze the processes of informal economy from its theoretical construction with the purpose of discovering its range and depth, as well as its interrelationships and theoretical implications. To achieve this, 102 definitions of informal economy were analyzed by identifying and deconstructing their dimensions and performing a frequency count of their citation in Google Scholar. This analysis demonstrated the lack of cultural elements in the definitions, which are the true underlying cause of the phenomenon, and the over-prominence afforded to legal dimensions.</p> <p><strong>Plain language summary</strong></p> <p>People have to find many different ways to earn a living in order to meet the needs of their families. Some of these modes of employment, the so-called informal economy, clash directly with the wishes of governments and organizations who do not recognize that decent paid work may take many forms or do not understand that there are often no alternatives. This confused picture of contradictory opinions requires some clarity, which was the aim of this study in its analysis of the definition of informal economy by 102 experts. The analysis sought to reveal the meaning of this concept that is fundamental to life in society, especially in countries suffering from environmental challenges, political crises, or the scourge of corruption. The findings demonstrate the lack of cultural considerations in the academic study of this complex phenomenon, despite their inherent importance. If progress is to be made in improving working conditions, greater understanding is needed of how the most basic needs affect the way society functions.</p>
Experimental data of "Novel flow modulation method for R744 two-phase ejectors – Proof of concept, optimization and first experimental results"
<p>Experimental data of "Novel flow modulation method for R744 two-phase ejectors – Proof of concept, optimization and first experimental results"</p>
The opportunity for selection: an important but slippery concept in ecology and evolution.
1. The concept of the opportunity for selection (<i>I</i>), measured as the variance in relative fitness, is over 60 years old, yet remains poorly understood by, or even unknown to, many ecologists and evolutionary biologists. This essay aims to clarify key conceptual and practical issues concerning use and estimation of I, which represents a theoretical upper limit on the rate of evolutionary adaptation. 2. The component of <i>I</i> caused by linear selection on a single trait is equal to the square of its standardised selection differential <i>i</i>. Even if no phenotypic selection occurs (<i>i</i>=0), however, realised <i>I</i> will typically be nonzero, owing to environmental or stochastic variation in fitness. 3. The opportunity for viability selection depends only on the mean survival rate, but selective mortality will typically account for only a small fraction of total mortality. 4. Fecundity selection is accompanied by expected overdispersion in reproductive success (variance > mean), but overdispersion can also occur for reasons unrelated to phenotype, or by chance. The estimated opportunity for fecundity selection can also vary independently of <i>i</i> if estimated mean reproductive success is affected by study design, e.g. offspring are counted at different life stages or a variable fraction are missed. 5. For these reasons, <i>I</i> alone should not be used to make inferences about selection in progress and its drivers. Nevertheless, some empirical studies have documented weak to moderate correlations between <i>I</i> and phenotypic selection, so variation in <i>I</i> or related metrics across ecological contexts might provide clues that unmeasured traits are under variable selection. 20-Oct-2022 --
control_concept_mpc_house
<p>Control concept for single family house</p>
Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts
<p>Dataset of our paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.11231">"Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts"</a> published at the <a href="https://ismir2022.ismir.net/">ISMIR 2022</a> conference.</p> <p>For usage examples, please refer to our code repository at <a href="https://github.com/deezer/concept_hierarchy">github.com/deezer/concept_hierarchy</a>.</p> <p><strong>Paper abstract</strong></p> <p>Music signals are difficult to interpret from their low-level features, perhaps even more than images: e.g. highlighting part of a spectrogram or an image is often insufficient to convey high-level ideas that are genuinely relevant to humans. In computer vision, concept learning was therein proposed to adjust explanations to the right abstraction level (e.g. detect clinical concepts from radiographs). These methods have yet to be used for MIR.<br> In this paper, we adapt concept learning to the realm of music, with its particularities. For instance, music concepts are typically non-independent and of mixed nature (e.g. genre, instruments, mood), unlike previous work that assumed disentangled concepts. We propose a method to learn numerous music concepts from audio and then automatically hierarchise them to expose their mutual relationships. We conduct experiments on datasets of playlists from a music streaming service, serving as a few annotated examples for diverse concepts. Evaluations show that the mined hierarchies are aligned with both ground-truth hierarchies of concepts -- when available -- and with proxy sources of concept similarity in the general case.</p> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>If you use this material, please consider citing our work with the following:</p> <pre><code>@inproceedings{afchar2022learning, title={Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts}, author={Afchar, Darius and Hennequin, Romain and Guigue, Vincent}, booktitle={International Society of Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)}, year={2022} }</code></pre> <p><strong>How can I send you a love letter?</strong></p> <p>You can contact us at <a href="mailto:research@deezer.com?subject=Dataset%20ISMIR%20Afchar">research@deezer.com</a>.</p>
Sustainable recovery of critical elements from seawater saltworks bitterns by integration of high selective sorbents and reactive precipitation and crystallisation: Developing the probe of concept with on-site produced chemicals and energy
<p>The availability of raw mineral resources containing elements included in the Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list is a growing concern for the European Union. Sea mining has been identified as a promising secondary source. In particular, brines obtained in solar saltworks (bitterns) contain relevant amounts of valuable CRMs such as Mg(II), B(III), other alkaline/alkaline earth metals (Rb(I), Cs(I), Sr(II)) and transition/post-transition elements (Co(II), Ga(III), Ge(IV)). However, the low concentration of some of these elements (µg/L) requires an effort to develop recovery routes that are sustainable and economically feasible where the required chemicals and energy are produced on-site from the saltworks bitterns (i.e. HCl and NaOH). Even the conventional recovery processes such as ion exchange, sorption and precipitation, which have proved to be competitive for metals recovery, are challenged in the case of Trace Elements (TEs). This work studies the recovery of TEs included in the CRMs list from saltworks bitterns after ion exchange processes. First, batch crystallisation and reactive precipitation were tested for some target elements in single-component solutions: Sr(II), Co(II), Ga(III), Ge(IV) and B(III). Then, the experiments were carried out with multi-component synthetic solutions assuming different scenarios of bittern streams coming out a selective extraction stage using sorption and ion exchange processes. The targeted elements were recovered except for Ge(IV), where alternative routes need to be evaluated, as its precipitation involves the use of tannic acid or sulphide solutions that could not be produced from the bitterns. However, a further concentration step would be necessary to achieve element concentrations closer to the mineral phases saturation. Moreover, model simulations were performed using the PHREEQC program, which provided a good prediction of the experimental trends obtained in most cases.</p>
Artifact for "Identifying Concepts in Software Projects"
<p>This artifact complements the manuscript "Identifying Concepts in Software Projects". It contains all data necessary to independently verify our findings.</p>
Figure 7 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 7. Biome transitions in Falconiformes. The number of recent species is indicated inside the circles. Arrow thickness is proportional to the number of colonizations. The dashed lines indicate only one colonization event. The number of transitions that did not imply colonization (niche conservatism) is indicated as different areas of the circles, classified in four categories. For more details about absolute scores, see Table 3.
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 5. Ancestral biome reconstruction for Falconiformes. Coloured circles represent the ten different biomes implemented in the model (Walter, 1970; Hernández Fernández, 2001); those at the nodes represent the inferred ancestral biome(s); those at the tips correspond to the recent biome distribution of species. Along the time scale, geological and climatic histories are shown, in addition to intercontinental biotic interchanges. Abbreviations: Af, Africa; Au, Australia; EAs, Eurasia; LB, land bridge; NA, North America; SA, South America.
Figure 6 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 6. Colonization dynamics of Falconiformes. Each graph represents the rate of colonization by new lineages for each biome throughout the Cenozoic.
Figure 4 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 4. Biome transitions in Galliformes. The number of recent species is indicated inside the circles. Arrow thickness is proportional to the number of colonizations. The dashed lines indicate only one colonization event. The number of transitions that did not imply colonization (niche conservatism) is indicated as different areas of the circles, classified in five categories. For more details about absolute scores, see Table 2.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 2. Ancestral biome reconstruction for Galliformes. Coloured circles represent the ten different biomes implemented in the model (Walter, 1970; Hernández Fernández, 2001); those at the nodes represent the inferred ancestral biome(s) occupancy; those at the tips correspond to the recent biome distribution of species. Along the time scale, geological and climatic histories are shown, in addition to intercontinental biotic interchanges. Abbreviations: Af, Africa; Au, Australia; EAs, Eurasia; LB, land bridge; NA, North America; SA, South America.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 3. Colonization dynamics of Galliformes. Each graph represents the rate of colonization by new lineages for each biome throughout the Cenozoic.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 1. Schematic explanatory example for transition categories considered in this study: transition with biome conservatism; transition with colonization; and transition with loss of ancestral biome occupation. Note that ancestral biome occupation (for node A) is the same above and below, whereas biome occupations for derived nodes B (above) and C (below) differ.
Auralizations of Current and Future Aircraft Concepts
<p>The noise of the four flyovers in this video are purely synthetic sound - so called auralizations.</p> <p>In the Horizon 2020 research project ARTEM (Aircraft noise Reduction Technologies and related Environmental iMpact: <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/769350">https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/769350</a>) funded by the European Union, these four presented and 40 more auralizations were used in a psychoacoustic laboratory experiment, conducted at Empa Dübendorf, to investigate the noise annoyance to aircraft flyovers of a future aircraft design compared to a current commercial aircraft.</p> <p> </p> <p>[1] R. Pieren, I. LeGriffon, L. Bertsch, A. Heusser, F. Centracchio, D. Weinstraub, C. Lavandier, and B. Schäffer, "Perception-based noise assessment of a future blended wing body aircraft concept using synthesized flyovers in an acoustic VR environment – the ARTEM study", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 144, 2024, doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108767</p> <p>[2] B. Schäffer, L. Bertsch, I. Le Griffon, A. Heusser, C. Lavandier, and R. Pieren, "Evaluation of flyover auralizations of today's and future long-range aircraft concepts", International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (InterNoise), Glasgow, 21-24 August 2022.</p> <p>[3] R. Pieren and D. Lincke, "Auralization of aircraft flyovers with turbulence-induced coherence loss in ground effect", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 151, no. 4, pp. 2453-2460, 2022.</p> <p>[4] R. Pieren, L. Bertsch, D. Lauper, and B. Schäffer, "Improving future low-noise aircraft technologies using experimental perception-based evaluation of synthetic flyovers", Sci. Total Environ., vol. 692, pp. 68-81, 2019.</p>
A Conceptual Model to Support Teaching of Software Engineering Controlled (Quasi-)Experiments - Evaluation of the Concept Model
<p>A Conceptual Model to Support Teaching of Software Engineering Controlled (Quasi-)Experiments - Evaluation of the Concept Model</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.