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FIGURE 9 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 9. Environment and behavior of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. and Lerodea erythrostictus. a–b: microhabitats where Vehilius jabre sp. nov. is frequently found. c: Vehilius jabre sp. nov. resting in the rock. d: Lerodea erythrostictus resting in the rock. e–f: Vehilius jabre sp. nov. feeding on Cactaceae flowers (e: photographed by the authors in Matureia, Paraíba, Brazil and f: photographed by Ermerson Sharbel in Nova Palmeira, Paraíba, Brazil (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/77749676, accessed 21/09/2023).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 8. Immature stages of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. a: pre-pupa in dorsal view. b: pre-pupa in lateral view. c: pupa in dorsal view. d: pupa in lateral view. e: pupa in ventral view. f: pupa in ventral view near adult emergence. g: shelter built by third instar larva of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. h: shelter built by the fifth instar larva of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. before pupal formation. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 7. Immature stages of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. a–b: first instar larva. c–d: second instar larva. e–f: third instar larva. g–h: fourth instar larva. i–j: fifth instar larva. k: head of third instar larva in anterior view. l: head of fourth instar larva in anterior view. m: head of fifth instar larva in anterior view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 5. Tergum VIII, sterigma and papilla analis of Vehilius jabre sp. nov., paratype, Serrote da Cruz, Patos, Paraíba Brazil (CLEIIC 05070) (a) and Vehilius warreni, Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 55.252) (b) in lateral view. The red arrows indicate the main differences between the two species. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 2. Panicum trichoides (Poaceae), hostplant of Vehilius jabre sp. nov.. a: hostplant in its natural environment. b: leaf and inflorescence.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 3. Adults of Vehilius jabre sp. nov. and V. warreni in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. a–b: Vehilius jabre sp. nov., holotype male. c–d: Vehilius jabre sp. nov., allotype female. e–f: Vehilius warreni, male, Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 55.302). g–h: Vehilius warreni, female, Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 55.312). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 6. Female genitalia of Vehilius jabre sp. nov., paratype, Serrote da Cruz, Patos, Paraíba Brazil (CLEIIC 05070) (a) and Vehilius warreni, Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 55.252) (b) in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 1. Sites selected for the search for adults, immatures and host plant of Vehilius jabre sp. nov.. a: map of Brazil with emphasis to the state of Paraíba. b: map of Paraíba with emphasis to the municipality of Patos. c: map of the municipality of Patos with the Inselbergs Serrote da Cruz and Pedro Agostinho highlighted. Coordinate System SIRGAS 2000, Data base: AESA-Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas da Paraíba, Google Maps.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Vehilius jabre sp. nov., paratype, Serrote da Cruz, Patos, Paraíba Brazil (CLEIIC 05071) (a–l) and V. warreni, Ribeirão Cascalheira, Mato Grosso, Brazil (DZ 8.849) (m–n). a: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus, and gnathos. b: ventral view of tegumen, uncus, and gnathos. c: lateral view of tegumen, uncus, gnathos, ventral arm of tegumen, dorsal arm of saccus, and saccus. d: ventral view of saccus. e: lateral view of the left valva. f: lateral view of the right valva. g: dorsal view of left valva. h: lateral view of fultura inferior. i: dorsal view of aedeagus. j: ventral view of aedeagus. k: left lateral view of aedeagus. l: right lateral view of aedeagus. m: male genitalia of Vehilius warreni in lateral view. n: dorsal view of the left valva of Vehilius warreni. The red arrows indicate the main differences between the two species. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 14. Hypsolebias antenori, UFPB 14900 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 14. Hypsolebias antenori, UFPB 14900, topotype, male, 34.7 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, rio Jaguaribe basin.

FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene cox1 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene cox1 of the Hypsolebias antenori species-group. Vertical bars represent species complexes. Numbers next to nodes represent posterior probability values for the relevant nodes; values <0.5 are not shown.

FIGURE 6. Hypsolebias bonita new species, MZUSP 129608 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Hypsolebias bonita new species, MZUSP 129608, female, paratype, 30.8 mm SL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Baraúna, Furna Feia National Park.

FIGURE 13 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 13. Land filling for civil construction projects in the type-locality of Hypsolebias gongobira and H. longignatus.

FIGURE 9 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 9. Bayesian inference based on the mitochondrial gene cox1 used for lineage delimitation of the Hypsolebias antenori species-group. Vertical bars represent the number of lineages delimited by ABGD (7), sGMYC (6), mGMYC (11), and b-PTP (10). Numbers adjacent to nodes represent posterior probabilities; values <0.50% are not shown.

FIGURE 12 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 12. Environmental impact of the duplication of the CE-40 highway in the type-locality of Hypsolebias gongobira and H. longignatus.

FIGURE 11. Hypsolebias longignatus, UFRN 5846, male 35.8 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 11. Hypsolebias longignatus, UFRN 5846, male 35.8 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Aquiraz, rio Pacoti basin.

FIGURE 5. Hypsolebias bonita new species, MZUSP 129608 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Hypsolebias bonita new species, MZUSP 129608, male, paratype, 38.6 mm SL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Baraúna, Furna Feia National Park.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Type-locality of Hypsolebias gongobira new species, Brazil, Ceará, Aquiraz, rio Pacoti basin.

FIGURE 15 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 15. Locality of H. antenori, Brazil, Ceará, Russas, seasonal pool in the floodplain of the rio Jaguaribe basin.

FIGURE 3. Hypsolebias gongobira new species, MZUSP 129607 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Hypsolebias gongobira new species, MZUSP 129607, female, paratype, 35 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Aquiraz, rio Pacoti basin.