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Fig. 7 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 7. Medial sections of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids interpreted below as Ruthenoceras elongatum Korde, 1949, from sample Ang-4, block No. 1, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. A, B. Mature phragmocones with moderately oblique septa, ZPAL N. IV/14 and 15, respectively. C. Almost complete juvenile phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/92 showing extend of diaphragms in the siphuncle. D–G. Apical parts of phragmocones (not strictly medial sections), ZPAL N. IV/115, 118, 121, and 125, respectively. H. Mature phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/16 with extremely oblique septa. I. Straight part of the phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/17 with oblique diaphragms. Wet ground surfaces (A1, B, C1, D–G, H1, I) and acetate peels (A2, C2, H2).

Fig. 2 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 2. Exposure of the source strata for the blocks with nautiloids found a few kilometers upstream the Angara River. A. Transition from the Ust-kut to Iya Formation. B. Top of the limestone succession of the Ust-kut Formation. C. Columnar stromatolite and limestone of the Ust-kut Formation. D. Field sketch of the section showing position of conodont samples and probable correspondence between the strata exposed and the loose blocks.

Fig. 3 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 3. Conodonts from the probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation from the exposure at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia, samples Ang-4, block No. 1 (A–E; Fig. 1) and Ang-1, topmost limestone layer (F–N; Fig. 2B). A, K–N. Utahconus(?) eurypterus (Abaimova, 1971), ZPAL N. IV/163, 168, 169, 170, and 172, respectively. B–J. Laurentoscandodus triangularis (Furnish, 1938), ZPAL N. IV/165, 166, 167, 173, 174, 175, 177, and 176, respectively; in posterior views, except for medial view in L1 and occlusals view in M1 and N2. Tentative identification of elements locations indicated S, S0, M, P.

Fig. 4 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 4. Benthic bellerophontid and monoplacophoran molluscs from the probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation from the exposure at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia; samples Ang-4, block No. 1 (A, B, D) and Ang-1, topmost limestone bed (C, E–I). A, B. Sinuitopsis sp. nov., ZPAL N. IV/154 and 155, in external (A1, B1) and lateral (A2, B2) views. C. Bellerophontid gen. et sp. nov. ZPAL N. IV/156, in lateral (C1) and external (C2) views. D. Hypseloconid ZPAL N. IV/157, in anterior (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. Monoplacophoran? ZPAL N. IV/158, in dorsal (E1) and lateral (E2) views. F–I. Phosphatised conchs of juvenile individuals probably representing the same species as that on C; ZPAL NIV/162, 161, 160, and 159, respectively, in lateral (F1, H, and I) and apertural (F2, G) views.

Fig. 8 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 8. Box-plot of diameter of initial chambers of Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods. Data from Ruedemann (1912), Balashov (1957), Evans (2005, 2007), Aubrechtová (2015), Kröger (2006, 2007), and Kröger et al. (2009).

Fig. 5 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 5. Drawings of known embryonic shells with initial chambers of Ordovician orthoceratoids (cf. Kröger and Mapes 2007: fig. 4 and Klug et al. 2015: fig. 1.3.). Dotted lines indicate the assumed position of the siphuncle in Arionoceras? sp. and Orthoceratida indet. sp. 2. In Orthoceratida indet. sp. 2, note a sketch of hyposeptal cameral deposits (see the text below and Fig. 7C1). The stratigraphic position of Bactroceras angustisiphonatum and Arionoceras? sp. is either uppermost Lower Ordovician, or lowermost Middle Ordovician (David Evans, personal communication 2019; see also Evans 2005 and 2007). Orthoceratidae gen. et sp. indet B (Kröger 2007) is likely to be conspecific with Transorthoceras osmundsbergense according to Kröger et al. (2011a).

Fig. 6 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 6. Apical and juvenile shell parts of orthoceratid cephalopods; Middle Ordovician, Darriwilian Stage, Šárka and Dobrotivá formations, Czech Republic. A. Bactroceras sandbergeri (Barrande, 1867), MWB S 06823, Volduchy, third phragmocone chamber (estimated based on shell diameter) and adjacent part of body chamber. B. Orthoceratida indet. sp. 4, MWB S 06827, Volduchy, counterpart of initial chamber and adjacent part of phragmocone and one corroded phragmocone septum; note longitudinal striae. C. Orthoceratida indet sp. 5, NM L 59872, Malé Přílepy, counterpart (C1), latext cast C2); note longitudinal striae.

Fig. 3 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 3. Apical shell of the orthoceratoid Bactroceras sandbergeri (Barrande, 1867); Middle Ordovician, lower Darriwilian Stage, Šárka Formation, Czech Republic. A. MWB S 06761, Mýto-Svatoštěpánský rybník, latex cast of one of counterparts in lateral view, note fine, obliquely transverse surface ornamentation. B. MWB S 06762, Mýto-Svatoštěpánský rybník, counterpart (B1) and its latex cast (B2), in lateral view (initial chamber bent towards dorsum). C. MWB S 06763, Rokycany-Díly, internal mould in lateral view, single (adoralmost) phragmocone chamber showing ventrally situated siphuncle (C1), latex cast of the second counterpart (C2).

Fig. 2 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 2. Apical shell parts of the orthoceratoid Bactroceras sandbergeri (Barrande, 1867), Middle Ordovician, lower Darriwilian Stage, Šárka Formation, Czech Republic. A. MWB S 06759, Rokycany-Díly, internal mould in ventral view (A1), with accompanying trilobite Ormatops sp., brachiopod Euorthisina sp., and indeterminate hyolith; detail (A2), note the decrease of apical angle at second phragmocone chamber; latex cast of counterpart in ventral view (A3). B. MWB S 06764, Těškov, internal mould in lateral view, venter on right hand-side (initial chamber bent towards dorsum), initial and second phragmocone chamber preserved as counterpart. C. MWB S 06760, Těškov, latex casts of both sides of counterparts (C1, C2), note suspicious surface structures. D. NM L 59577, Praha-Hanspaulka, latex cast of counterpart.

Fig. 1 in Early ontogenetic growth stages of Middle Ordovician orthoceratoid cephalopods from Bohemia

Fig. 1. Position of Ordovician rocks of the Prague Basin within the Bohemian Massif and the localities from which the herein studied specimens originate see the text below). 1, Praha-Šárka cihelna (brickyard); 2, Praha-Šárka; 3, Praha-Hanspaulka; 4, Malé Přílepy; 5, Lhotka u Berouna; 6, Těškov; 7, MýtoSvatoštěpánský rybník; 8, Rokycany-Díly; 9, Volduchy. Adapted after Manda (2008).

Figure 3 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 3. Aturoidea distans from Pebble Point, Victoria. Upper: small specimen NMV P 302005, showing the sutural morphology at shell diameter of 30-40 mm. Scale bar = 10 mm. Bottom: large specimen (not curated) in the Tate Museum, University of Adelaide, also from Pebble Point. One of the major differences compared to Aturia is the distance between septa. In both small and large (late stage) phragmocones, there is no contact between lobes. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 4. Large Aturoidea distans from Pebble Point, NMV P326476 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 4. Large Aturoidea distans from Pebble Point, NMV P326476. Note also the corals growing on the shell, which could not have grown in this fashion during life of the nautilid. The corals are assumed here to have attached on the shell after the death, transport, and then final resting of the nautilid on a seabed shallower than the nautilid's life and growth habitat. However, these could not have grown in a high sedimentation rate environment. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 5 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 5. Eutrephoceras victorianum, Pebble Point Formation, NMV P301870. Note the very simple septal suture outlined in black on upper shell. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 2 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 2. Results of oxygen isotope analyses of shell carbonates. Temperature (°C) is along the Y Axis. The X Axis is septal number, where the first formed septum is 1, and higher numbers pertain to more recently formed septa. PNG= Papua New Guinea.

Figure 8 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 8. Hypothesized generic level phylogeny of a portion of post-Jurassic nautilids. Eutrephoceras spp predate Nautilus and were not involved in subsequent generic evolution. Nautilus appears in either the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous, based on unpublished observations of P. Ward in the British Museum, and gives rise to subsequent genera Cimomia, Hercoglossa, Aturoidea, Aturia, and Deltoidonautilus. Nautilus also gives rise to Allonautilus in either Pliocene or Pleistocene.

Figure 7 in The Paleocene cephalopod fauna from Pebble Point, Victoria (Australia) - fulcrum between two Eras

Figure 7. Comparative sutures of (1) Nautilus praepompilius, (2) N. pompilius, and (3) Aturoidea distans.

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Fig. 1 in Lamellorthoceratid cephalopods in the cold waters of southwestern Gondwana: Evidences from the Lower Devonian of Argentina

Fig. 1. Location map of the studied fossil localities and middle Palaeozoic outcrops (A, B) and stratigraphic sections with fossil occurrences indicated (C).

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Fig. 2 in Lamellorthoceratid cephalopods in the cold waters of southwestern Gondwana: Evidences from the Lower Devonian of Argentina

Fig. 2. Lamellorthoceratid cephalopod Arthrophyllum sp. from the Lower Devonian Talacasto Formation in the Precordillera Basin, Argentina. A. CEGHUNC 27426, general view of the longitudinal section of the specimen (A1), details showing a closer view of the lamellae and siphuncle structure (A2–A5), external view (A6), specimen before cutting in posterior view (A7). Note the lamellar deposits where the septum is removed. B. CEGH-UNC 27427, specimen in lateral view (B1), posterior views with different orientations (B2, B3). C. CEGH-UNC 27428, lateral views of the internal mould with different orientations (C1–C3), internal mould in posterior view (C4), external mould in anterior view, showing the lamellar deposits inside the apicalmost chamber (C5), external mould in lateral view with the same lamellar deposits in the posterior part (C6). Scale bars 5 mm.

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Figure S4 in Spatiotemporal patterns in marine fish and cephalopods communities across scales: using an autoregressive spatiotemporal clustering model. A study of fish and cephalopods of the Eastern English Channel

Figure S4. – Spatial-temporal correlation matrix at a 782 km2 (A) and 1043 km2 (B) scale displaying correlation from strongly negative (dark blue) to strongly positive (dark red).