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Electronic appendix to: Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) of Denitrification-Driven Microbial Activity in Column Experiments Packed with Calcareous Aquifer Sediments
<p>This is the electronic appendix of the publication <br> C. Strobel, S. Abramov, J. A. Huisman, O.A. Cirpka, A. Mellage (2022): Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) of Denitrification-Driven Microbial Activity in Column Experiments Packed with Calcareous Aquifer Sediments (submitted)</p>
Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles.
Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b).
Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns of Govone (1), Sioneri (2), Ciabòt Cagna (3) and Pollenzo (4) sections. in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns of Govone (1), Sioneri (2), Ciabòt Cagna (3) and Pollenzo (4) sections.
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Govone section with a detail of the sampled intervals on the right. CCS – Cassano Spinola Conglomerates; Gm and Gg – sedimentary cycles, respectively marl-dominated or gypsum-dominated; MES – Messinian Erosional Surface; MSC – Messinian Salinity Crisis; PLG – Primary Lower Gypsum; RLG – Resedimented Lower Gypsum. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Govone section with a detail of the sampled intervals on the right. CCS – Cassano Spinola Conglomerates; Gm and Gg – sedimentary cycles, respectively marl-dominated or gypsum-dominated; MES – Messinian Erosional Surface; MSC – Messinian Salinity Crisis; PLG – Primary Lower Gypsum; RLG – Resedimented Lower Gypsum.
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).
Global spatiotemporal continuous daily high-resolution total column carbon monoxide for TROPOMI
<p>A novel framework is developed to recover missing data in global TROPOMI TCCO product over land from Jun. 01 2018 to May. 31 2021 by fusing multisource data. Validation results show that the accuracy of recovered results is satisfactory and close to that of TROPOMI, with the R of 0.885 against NDACC and 0.918 against TCCON. Furthermore, the recovered results achieve a small (distinctly) better performance than those of MOPITT (CAMS). The spatial pattern of the recovered TCCO is consistent with that of the MOPITT TCCO and can specify much finer spatial details by comparison with CAMS.</p>
IN00019 Bilsad Stone Pillar Inscription of the time of Kumaragupta I: Primary (north column)
<p>Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna, Bahadur Chand Chhabra, and Govind Swamirao Gai, <em>Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings</em> (New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 1981): 270</p>
Cloud_ICA: A deterministic cloud-overlap algorithm for generating a complete set of independent column atmospheres
<p>In calculating solar radiation, climate models make many simplifications, in part to reduce computational cost and enable climate modeling, and in part from lack of understanding of critical atmospheric information. Whether known errors or unknown errors, the community's concern is how these could impact the modeled climate. The simplifications are well known and most have published studies evaluating them, but with individual studies it is difficult to compare. Here, we collect a wide range of such simplifications in either radiative transfer modeling or atmospheric conditions and assess potential errors within a consistent framework on climate‐relevant scales. We build benchmarking capability around a solar heating code (Solar‐J) that doubles as a photolysis code for chemistry and can be readily adapted to consider other errors and uncertainties. The broad classes here include: use of broad wavelength bands to integrate over spectral features; scattering approximations that alter phase function and optical depths for clouds and gases; uncertainty in ice‐cloud optics; treatment of fractional cloud cover including overlap; and variability of ocean surface albedo. We geographically map the errors in W m−2 using a full climate re‐creation for January 2015 from a weather forecasting model. For many approximations assessed here, mean errors are ∼2 W m−2 with greater latitudinal biases and are likely to affect a model's ability to match the current climate state. Combining this work with previous studies, we make priority recommendations for fixing these simplifications based on both the magnitude of error and the ease or computational cost of the fix.</p>
Fig. 2. Detailed stratigraphic column from Cucullaea I in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica
Fig. 2. Detailed stratigraphic column from Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation. Abbreviations: C, conglomerate; cS, coarse sandstone; fS, fine sandstone; mS, medium sandstone. Scale bars 100 mm.
Datasets and code for Rapljenović et al. 2024: Adsorption of trace metals onto different plastics during long-term exposure in an estuarine environment: influence of time, stratified water column, and specific surface area
<p>This repository contains datasets and R code to reproduce results from Rapljenović et al. 2024: Adsorption of trace metals onto different plastics during long-term exposure in an estuarine environment: influence of time, stratified water column, and specific surface area.</p>
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest in Sensitivity of caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Erebidae) from the South of Khabarovsk Territory to various strains of nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest
Linked collectors and determiners for: Phytoplankton community composition in the water column of East Greenland fjords, August 2022.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Phytoplankton community composition in the water column of East Greenland fjords, August 2022". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/a00e14eb-3398-4c40-87f6-41e78081e7ef">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a00e14eb-3398-4c40-87f6-41e78081e7ef</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a00e14eb-3398-4c40-87f6-41e78081e7ef">https://gbif.org/dataset/a00e14eb-3398-4c40-87f6-41e78081e7ef</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
New Ideas for Brain Modelling 4-Figure 4. LHS relates to neuron binding ensemble mass, with central column activated. RHS relates to hierarchy, with a direct mapping. The two red lines show where the ensemble is missing and so it needs to be learned. The blue lines show extra neurons from the hierarchy back to the ensemble, but can be removed as error. The other paired black squares represent where the patterns match and can oscillate together.
<p>This paper continues the research that considers a new cognitive model based strongly on the human brain, last updated in Greer (2016). In particular, it considers figure 4 of that paper (Figure below) and how it might be useful in practice. The paper also describes some new methods in the areas of image processing and behaviour simulation. The image processing introduces a most classical form of pattern cross-referencing, while the behaviour equations used feedback for a memory-type of cross-referencing. The work is all based on earlier research by the author and the new additions are intended to fit in with the overall design. For image processing, a grid-like structure is used with ‘full linking’, if you like. Each cell in the classifier grid stores a list of all other cells it gets associated with and this is used as the learned image that new input is compared with. For the behaviour metric, a new prediction equation is suggested, as part of a simulation, that uses feedback and history to dynamically determine its current state and course of action. While the new methods are from widely different topics, both can be compared with the binary-analog type of interface that is the main focus of the paper. Sensory input may be static and binary, but cross- references result in variable comparisons that make the input more dynamic. It is suggested that the simplest of linking between a tree and ensemble can explain neural binding and variable signal strengths.</p>
A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Regenerate Image from a Reduce Scaled Image Using Bit Data Count-In Figure 15 we were able to generate the symbol H without any help from a small image we used only for row and column data
<p>In Figure 15 we were able to generate the symbol H without any help from a small image we used only for row and column data.</p>
Posteromedial reversed L-shaped approach for posterior column tibial plateau fractures
<blockquote>Posterior column tibial plateau fractures are best treated via a posterior approach. Various approaches have been described for reaching the posterior aspect of the tibia plateau: posterolateral, direct posterior, and posteromedial. The posteromedial reversed L-shaped approach however, has been proven to be very elegant and straightforward, and offers an excellent exposure of the whole posterior wall. The WAVE proximal posterior tibia plate fits in this approach with its identical reversed L-shaped configuration. The combined approach and implant are referred to as the reversed L-shaped concept. Here we demonstrate the posteromedial reversed L-shaped approach for a two-column tibial plateau fracture using the WAVE proximal posterior tibia plate in a step-by-step-fashion.</blockquote>
Text-fig. 2. Salairocrinus apertus sp. n. (col.). A – columnal in facetal view. B – columnal in lateral view. C – cross section of columnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová. in New Species Of Crinoids Based On Their Columnals And Stem Fragments (Col.), From The Lower Devonian Zlíchov Limestone (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 2. Salairocrinus apertus sp. n. (col.). A – columnal in facetal view. B – columnal in lateral view. C – cross section of columnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová.
Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985). in Simakocrinus Gen. Nov. (Crinoidea, Col.) From The Bohemian Early And Middle Devonian Of The Barrandian Area (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.