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427 results for “Ectoparasite”
Model sets and data used in the preprint "Evaluating functional dispersal and its eco-epidemiological implications in a nest ectoparasite"
<p>Model sets and data used in the preprint "Evaluating functional dispersal and its eco-epidemiological implications in a nest ectoparasite", reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Ecology (https://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100013). See preprint and supplementary materials.</p>
Fig. 1 in Ectoparasites of hedgehogs: From flea mite phoresy to their role as vectors of pathogens
Fig. 1. Map of the study area where hedgehogs were captured. A. Italy; B. Iran.
Fig. 2 in Ectoparasites of hedgehogs: From flea mite phoresy to their role as vectors of pathogens
Fig. 2. Caparinia tripilis mites in phoretic association with Archaeopsylla erinacei flea.
Fig. 2 in Spillover and spillback risks of ectoparasites by an invasive squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus in Kanto region of Japan
Fig. 2. Infracommunity richness by discriminating the study area and host sex.
Data from: Host association influences variation at salivary protein genes in the bat ectoparasite Cimex adjunctus
Parasite-host relationships create strong selection pressures that can lead to adaptation and increasing specialization of parasites to their hosts. Even in relatively loose host-parasite relationships, such as between generalist ectoparasites and their hosts, we may observe some degree of specialization of parasite populations to one of the multiple potential hosts. Salivary proteins are used by blood-feeding ectoparasites to prevent hemostasis in the host and maximize energy intake. We investigated the influence of association with specific host species on allele frequencies of salivary protein genes in Cimex adjunctus, a generalist blood-feeding ectoparasite of bats in North America. We analysed two salivary protein genes: an apyrase, which hydrolyses ATP at the feeding site and thus inhibits platelet aggregation, and a nitrophorin, which brings nitrous oxide to the feeding site, inhibiting platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. We observed more variation at both salivary protein genes among parasite populations associated with different host species than among populations from different spatial locations associated with the same host species. The variation in salivary protein genes among populations on different host species was also greater than expected under a neutral scenario of genetic drift and gene flow. Finally, host species was an important predictor of allelic divergence in genotypes of individual C. adjunctus at both salivary protein genes. Our results suggest differing selection pressures on these two salivary protein genes in C. adjunctus depending on the host species.
Data from: Trade-offs between reproduction and behavioural resistance against ectoparasite infection
<p>In these experiments we tested if 1) mated female flies (<em>Drosophila nigrospiracula)</em> are more vulnerable to ectoparasite mite (<em>Macrocheles subbadius</em>) infection then unmated conspecifics. 2) If a rest period to recover from male harassment following mating improved resistance to mites and 3) if reduced endurance following mating may explain differential resistance abilities between mated and unmated female flies.</p>
Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
<p>Host density, host body size, and ambient temperature have all been positively associated with increases in parasite infection. However, the relative importance of these factors in shaping long-term parasite population dynamics in wild host populations is unknown due to the absence of long-term studies. Here, we examine long-term drivers of gill lice (Copepoda) infections in Arctic charr (Salmonidae) over 32 years. We predicted that host density and body size and water temperature would all positively affect parasite population size and population growth rate. Our results show that fish size was the main driver of gill lice infections in Arctic charr. In addition, Arctic charr became infected at smaller sizes and with more parasites in years of higher brown trout population size. Negative intraguild interactions between brown trout and Arctic charr appear to drive smaller Arctic charr to seek refuge in deeper areas of the lake, thus increasing infection risk. There was no effect of host density on the force of infection, and the relationship between Arctic charr density and parasite mean abundance was negative, possibly due to an encounter-dilution effect. The population densities of host and parasite fluctuated independently of one another. Water temperature had negligible effects on the temporal dynamics of the gill lice population. Understanding long-term drivers of parasite population dynamics is key for research and management. In fish farms, artificially high densities of hosts lead to vast increases in the transmission of parasitic copepods. However, in wild fish populations fluctuating at natural densities, the surface area available for copepodid attachment might be more important than the density of available hosts.</p>
Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta-analysis
<p><span>Tropical regions are experiencing rapid rates of forest fragmentation, which can have several effects on wildlife, including altered parasite dynamics. Bats are a useful host group to consider these effects of fragmentation because they are abundant in the tropics, serve important ecological roles, and harbour many parasites. Nevertheless, research on the effects of fragmentation on bat ectoparasites is still limited. To help guide ongoing and future research efforts, this study had two objectives: (1) conduct a gap analysis to characterize the state of currently available research on fragmentation effects on bat ectoparasites, and (2) conduct a preliminary meta-analysis to identify current trends. We systematically highlighted several research gaps: studies comparing the effects of fragmented versus continuous forests on ectoparasites are limited and have primarily been conducted in the Neotropics, with a focus on bats in the superfamily Noctilionidea (especially frugivorous phyllostomids). Our preliminary meta-analysis suggested that ectoparasite prevalence (but not the mean or variance in intensity) was higher in fragments than in continuous forests. Moreover, prevalence increased with increasing roost duration, and mean intensity was higher for bats with higher wing aspect ratios. Intensity variance was affected by an interaction between forest type and wing aspect ratio, such that variance increased for bats with high wing aspect ratios in continuous forests but decreased in fragments. These results suggest that fragmentation can shape aspects of bat ectoparasitism and could have implications for the ecology, health, and conservation of bats in fragmented landscapes. However, existing research gaps could bias our current understanding of habitat change and bat health, and future research should thus investigate these effects in the Paleotropics and with other bat families. </span><span><br></span></p>
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
<p>Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial honey bee, <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em>, colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites <em>Varroa</em> <em>destructor</em> and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that both <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, thereby potentially compromising collaborative brood care in colonies. In a fully-crossed laboratory experiment, the impact of mites and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin alone and in combination on workers were evaluated. While the neonicotinoids did not impact survival and emergence body mass, the data confirm that <em>V. destructor</em> reduces both. Even though the interactions between both stressors were antagonistic and neutral, the clear detrimental effects of both stressors alone and in combination on worker longevity and food glands are remarkable. Besides reduced worker longevity, impaired brood care provided by workers exposed to <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids could be detrimental for honey bee colony functionality. Our findings highlight a mechanism to explain honey bee colonies losses globally.</p>
Dataset for manuscript "Host-related and environmental factors influence long-term ectoparasite infestation dynamics of mouse lemurs in northwestern Madagascar" to be published in the American Journal of Primatology
<p>This Excel-file contains three datasets, corresponding to the initial raw dataset resulting from all ectoparasite inspections (n = 2,241), the merged dataset used for host-related and temporal modeling (n = 1940), and the even more condensed dataset with one datapoint per individual used for climatic modeling (n = 583), respectively.</p>
Evidence for rapid downward fecundity selection in an ectoparasite (Philornis downsi) with earlier host mortality in Darwin’s finches
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Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta-analysis
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Data from: Sex-specific effects of experimental ectoparasite infestation on telomere length in great tit nestlings
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Habrobracon hebetor ectoparasitism paralyzing effect on Corcyra cephalonica of different instar larvae
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Data from: Trade-offs between reproduction and behavioural resistance against ectoparasite infection
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Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
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Data for: Ectoparasite population dynamics affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32-year long time series
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Microclimate and host body condition influence mite population growth in a wild bird-ectoparasite system
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Data from: Host association influences variation at salivary protein genes in the bat ectoparasite Cimex adjunctus
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Ectoparasite diversity and infection burden on two sympatric bat species, Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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