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FIGURE 9 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 9. Body-lengths (in mm) recorded for Brazilian Schendylops species (based on maximum lengths). Blue bar represents the reference size of S. janelao sp. n. Schendylops verhoeffi is not represented due absent data in the original description.

FIGURE 8 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Schendylops species in Brazil, number of species per state. AM, Amazonas; AP, Amapá; MT, Mato Grosso; PB, Paraíba; PE, Pernambuco; MG, Minas Gerais; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, São Paulo.

FIGURE 6 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 6. Schendylops janelao sp. n., pore fields. A, Sterna II; B; Sterna X; C, Sterna XXIII; D, Sterna XXXII; E, Sterna L; F, Sterna LIII.

FIGURE 7 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 7. Schendylops janelao sp. n. legs. A, Antepenultimum leg, LES 10574; B, Leg III, LES 10574; C, Ultimate pair of legs-bearing (ventral view), LES 10574 (Photo: L.B.R. Fernandes); D, Ultimate pair of legs-bearing (ventral view), LES 10574; E, Ultimate pair of legs-bearing (dorsal view), LES 10572, total length of ultimate legs: 1.6mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 3. Schendylops janelao sp. n. A, Anterior region showing antennae length and antennal articles (a.a.) (dorsal view), LES 10572; B, Anterior region showing antennal length and antennal articles (a.a.) (ventral view), LES 10574 (Photo: L.B.R. Fernandes); C, Detail of antennal article I and antennae base (dorsal view), LES 10572; D, Right antennae (dorsal view), LES 10574; E, Right antennal article XIV, LES 10574.

FIGURE 4 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 4. Schendylops janelao sp. n. A, Cephalic plate (dorsal view), LES 10572; B, Detail of chetotaxy in cephalic plate (dorsal view), LES 10574; C, Labrum (dorsal view), LES 10574.

FIGURE 2. A in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 2. A, Entrance and galleries of Gruta do Janelão cave, habitat of Schendylops janelao sp. n. (Photo: M.E. Bichuette); B, specimen of S. janelao sp. n. exposed in a rocky substrate in natural habitat (Photo: A. Gambarini).

FIGURE 5 in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 5. Schendylops janelao sp. n. A, Forcipula, general view (ventral view), LES 10572; B, Forcipula, general view (dorsal view), LES 10574; C, Second maxillae (dorsal view), LES 10574; D, Terminal podomere with the internal venom gland represented (dorsal view), LES 10574.

FIGURE 1. A in A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)

FIGURE 1. A, Map of Peruaçu Region showing Gruta do Janelão Cave, type-locality of Schendylops janelao sp. n. (Source: D. M. von Schimonsky); B, Surroundings of Gruta do Janelão Cave showing Cerrado-Caatinga transition (Photo: P.P. Rizzato).

FIGURE 53. A–D in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 53. A–D, habitat of species of Mairata n. gen.: A–B, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, where M. itatiaiensis n. sp. was found; C–D, Parque Natural da Mata da Câmara, where M. butantan n. sp. was found. Red arrows indicate where specimens have been collected.

FIGURE 41. A–L in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 41. A–L, forcipular segment, ventral: A, Dicellophilus carniolensis (Koch, 1847) (PD); B, Hyphydrophilus adisi Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994 (PD); C, Macronicophilus abbreviatus Pereira, Foddai & Minelli, 2000 (INPA); D, Strigamia crassipes (Koch, 1835) (PD); E, Henia vesuviana (Newport, 1844) (PD); F, Geoperingueyia dentata Verhoeff, 1938 (MNRJ); G, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. (IBSP); H, Mecophilus neotropicus Silvestri, 1909 (MSNG); I, Aphilodon micronyx Brölemann, 1902 (IBSP); J, Aphilodon silvestrii n. sp. (IBSP); K, Philacroterium cribellatum Attems, 1926 (SAM); L, Philacroterium brevipes (Verhoeff, 1938) n. comb. (KZN). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–L).

FIGURE 49. A–C in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 49. A–C, habitat of Aphilodon species: A–C, Parque Ecológico da Mata da Câmara, where A. silvestrii n. sp. was found. Red arrows indicate where specimens have been collected.

FIGURE 44. A–P in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 44. A–P, ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral: A, Dicellophilus carniolensis (Koch, 1847) (PD), male; B, Pachymerium ferrugineum (Koch, 1835) (PD), female; C, Macronicophilus abbreviatus Pereira, Foddai & Minelli, 2000 (INPA), male; D, Henia vesuviana (Newport, 1844) (PD), male; E, Strigamia crassipes (Koch, 1835) (PD), male; F, Geoperingueyia dentata Verhoeff, 1938 (MNRJ), female; G, Geoperingueyia dentata Verhoeff, 1938 (MNRJ), male; H, Philacroterium maritimum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb (KZN), female; I, Philacroterium brevipes (Verhoeff, 1938) n. comb. (KZN), male; J, Philacroterium cribellatum Attems, 1926 (NHMW), male, (photo by N. Akkari); K, Mecophilus tupiniquim n. sp. (IBSP), female; L, Mecophilus tupiniquim n. sp. (IBSP), male; M, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. (IBSP), female; N, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. (IBSP), male; O, Aphilodon micronyx Brölemann, 1902 (IBSP), female; P, Aphilodon pereirai n. sp. (IBSP), male. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–P).

FIGURE 34. A–G, Mairata butantan n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 34. A–G, Mairata butantan n. sp. Female paratype (IBSP 3663): A, habitus, ventral; B, anterior part of body, dorsal; C, same, ventral; D, terminal part of body, dorsal; E, same, ventral. Male paratype (IBSP 3663): F, terminal part of body, ventral; G, coxopleura and metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral. Abbreviations: COP: coxal pores. Scale bars: 2 (A), 0.5 (B–F), 0.2 (G) mm.

FIGURE 31. A–E in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 31. A–E, Mecophilus neotropicus Silvestri, 1909. Male holotype (MSNG "Vase type"): A, habitus, ventral; B, anterior part of body, dorsal; C, same, ventral; D, forcipules, ventral; E, terminal part of body, ventral. Abbreviations: BT: basal part of tarsungulum; DTA: denticle of tarsungulum; FPT: forcipular pretergite; FTE: forcipular tergite; PE: penis. Scale bars: 1 (A), 0.1 (B–E) mm.

FIGURE 35. A–B, Mairata itatiaiensis n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 35. A–B, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. Male paratype (IBSP 6178): A, denticles of forcipule, ventral; B, terminal part of body, ventral. Abbreviations: FD1: distal denticle of forcipular trochanteroprefemur; COP: coxal pores. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B).

FIGURE 38. A–H in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 38. A–H, labrum. Pachymerium ferrugineum (Koch, 1835) (PD): A, mid-part and lateral pieces, ventral; E, bristles of lateral pieces of labrum, ventral. Aphilodon micronyx Brölemann, 1902 (IBSP): B, labrum, ventral. Geoperingueyia dentata Verhoeff, 1938 (MNRJ): C, labrum, ventral; F, right lateral piece of labrum, ventral. Philacroterium maritimum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb. (KZN): D, labrum, ventral. Aphilodon pereirai n. sp. (IBSP): G, right lateral piece of labrum, ventral; H, central part of labrum. Abbreviations: LP: lateral piecie of labrum. Scale bars: 0.06 (A, F–H), 0.1 (B–D), 0.002 (E) mm.

FIGURE 30. A–C, Mecophilus diagnostic characters. Mecophilus tupiniquim n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 30. A–C, Mecophilus diagnostic characters. Mecophilus tupiniquim n. sp. Male paratype (IBSP 6173): A, forcipules, ventral; B, first leg-bearing segment, ventral; C, intermediate part of trunk, ventral. Abbreviations: DTA: denticle of tarsungulum; FD1: distal denticle of trocantheroprefemur; FD2: denticle of femur; FD3: denticle of tibia; ST: sternite; STF: sternite of first leg-bearing segment. Scale bars: 0.04 mm (A–C).

FIGURE 39. A–E in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 39. A–E, telopodite of second maxillae, ventral: A, Pachymerium ferrugineum (Koch, 1835) (PD); B, Geoperingueyia dentata Verhoeff, 1938 (MNRJ); C, Philacroterium maritimum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb. (KZN); D, Mairata butantan n. sp. (IBSP); E, Aphilodon indespectus n. sp. (IBSP). Abbreviations: PT: pretarsus; T1: article 1 of telopodite of second maxillae; T2 article 2 of telopodite of second maxillae; T3: article 3 of telopodite of second maxillae. Scale bars: 0.08 (A), 0.05 (B–D) mm.

FIGURE 25. A–E, Aphilodon pereirai n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 25. A–E, Aphilodon pereirai n. sp. Female paratype (IBSP 3784): A, mandibles, dorsal; B, pectinate lamella of left mandible, dorsal; C, apex of article 3 of the left telopodite of second maxillae, lateral; D, denticles of right forcipule, ventral; E, terminal part of body, ventral. Abbreviations: MTL: metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment. Scale bars: 0.1 (A, D–E), 0.03 (B–C) mm.