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1,039 results for “Hubbard Brook”
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Seedling bank – watershed 1 and watershed 6 (2018)
The understory layer is complex and includes groups of stems with distinctly different chances of survival and recruitment to the sapling size class. We explored how calcium amendment has impacted the trajectory of the seedling bank at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The density of all tree stems in the seedling bank in 2018 (19 years after treatment) was greater in CAL (Watershed 1; calcium treatment) than REF (Waterhsed 6; reference) and beech was more abundant than sugar maple in both watersheds. In terms of relative abundance, the treatment had the opposite effects on the two species: the relative density of sugar maple was significantly greater in CAL than REF while the relative density of beech was significantly less. In terms of beech stem origin, Beech sprouts were more abundant than seedlings on both watersheds; however, beech stems of seed origin were more abundant on CAL (mean±1SE: 4.06±0.49 seedlings m-2) than REF (2.98±0.42), while sprouts were fewer (CAL: 14.4±1.30; REF: 20.5±1.47) resulting in the seedling to sprout ratio on CAL (1:3.5) being half that on REF (1:7). The influence on the seedling bank on future composition of these forests remains to be seen. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Droughtnet dendrometer band measurements
Dendrometer bands were installed to measure tree diameter growth in the Hubbard Brook DroughtNet plots in 2014. Changes in stem diameter, basal area, and aboveground biomass can all be calculated from dendrometer band measurements, provided the tree diameter is known for at least one measurement date. Data from nearby CCASE control plots 1 and 2 can be used as references for these data (these will be part of a forthcoming separate package). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: growth and enzyme activity traits of soil fungi isolated from CCASE in July 2017, grown under a common garden experiment in the laboratory that mimicked CCASE soil temperature treatments
Projections for the northeastern U.S. indicate that mean air temperatures will rise and snowfall will become less frequent, causing more frequent soil freezing. To test fungal responses to these combined chronic and extreme soil temperature changes, we conducted a laboratory-based common garden experiment with soil fungi that had been subjected to different combinations of growing season soil warming, winter soil freeze/thaw cycles, and ambient conditions for four years in the field. We found that fungi originating from field plots experiencing a combination of growing season warming and winter freeze/thaw cycles had inherently lower activity of acid phosphatase, but higher cellulase activity, that could not be reversed in the lab. In addition, fungi quickly adjusted their physiology to freeze/thaw cycles in the laboratory, reducing growth rate and potentially reducing their carbon use efficiency. Our findings suggest that less than four years of new soil temperature conditions in the field can lead to physiological shifts by some soil fungi, as well as irreversible loss or acquisition of extracellular enzyme activity traits by other fungi. These findings could explain field observations of shifting soil carbon and nutrient cycling under simulated climate change. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) Canopy Hemispherical Photos
Abstract An ice storm simulation was performed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to evaluate impacts of these extreme weather events on northern hardwood forests. Water was pumped from the main branch of Hubbard Brook and sprayed above the forest canopy in subfreezing conditions so that it rained down and froze on contact with trees. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including a control (no ice) and three target levels of radial ice accretion: low (6.4 mm), mid (12.7 mm), and high (19.0 mm). Two of the mid-level treatment plots (midx2) were iced in back-to-back years to evaluate impacts of consecutive storms. This dataset consists of hemispherical photographs of the forest canopy with leaves on and off the trees before and after the various ice treatments. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Lateral Weathering Soil Chemistry
Chemical analyses were performed on sieved and dried soil samples collected for the Lateral Weathering project within Watershed 3, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, NH, USA from 2018-2020. Chemical information corresponds to horizons described in dataset HBR361, which were collected from pits described in the same dataset. Analyses include pH, C, N, exchangeable ions, secondary metals from citrate dithionite and ammonium oxalate in the dark, and total elemental content. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
This is a dataset of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) collected from augered boreholes or installed groundwater wells in Watershed 3 of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Hydraulic conductivity describes the ability of a porous medium such as soil to transmit fluid. It is dependent on both fluid (e.g., viscosity) and porous medium properties, and is a key property for estimating subsurface flow rates. Measurements were collected from near the soil surface (10-15 cm depth) to several meters below the surface. Locations are provided for sites where the confidence in coordinates established by GPS was high. Soil horizons without subordinate designators are approximate since the characterization skill of observers varied. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) and several other NSF grants over the period from approximately 2007 to 2019. The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Estimates of productivity and multiple measures of biodiversity at Bartlett and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forests
In ecosystems dominated by grasses and other small-statured plants, biodiversity and productivity have generally been found to be positively correlated. However, studies in forested ecosystems have found mixed results. Biodiversity in forests has typically been characterized using indices of species diversity, but recent studies have shown that other measures of biodiversity can also play an important role. Several indices of biodiversity were calculated using local-scale inventory measurements and aircraft Light Detecting and Ranging data from Bartlett (BEF) and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forests (HBEF) in New Hampshire, USA to look at relationships between different measures of biodiversity (species, functional, phylogenetic, and structural diversity) and site productivity. For this dataset, a total of 22 biodiversity indices were calculated using the 2001-2003 BEF and 1995-1998 HBEF inventory datasets. These biodiversity indices include three species diversity indices, five functional diversity indices, five phylogenetic diversity indices, and 12 structural diversity indices. In addition, measurements of wood growth and foliar nitrogen for a select number of plots previously collected in another study (Smith et al 2005) were used to represent plot productivity. Site characteristics and land use such as topography, management history, and forest type were also included. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and the Bartlett Experimental Forest are both operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Telemetry mark-recapture data of the Northern Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus), Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2019 – 2021
This data set includes spatially explicit mark-recapture data of the Northern Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) collected via telemetry during the summer months (June – September) from 2019 - 2021 from eight reaches in multiple streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Salamanders were captured by hand and marked with PIT-tags. Telemetry surveys occurred weekly. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data are being used to publish the following papers: Cochrane, M. M., B. R. Addis, L. K. Swartz, and W. H. Lowe. 2023. Individual and population growth rates decline with watershed area in a stream salamander. In review Ecology. Cochrane, M. M., and W. H. Lowe. 2023. Floods increase downstream movement of adult and larval life stages of a headwater stream salamander. In prep Freshwater Biology.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Acid-Base Properties and Microbial Activity, Watershed 1 and West of Watershed 6 (2015-2016)
In summer 2015 and spring 2016, researchers collected soils from the CaSiO3-enriched watershed at Hubbard Brook (W1) and from a nearby site west of the reference watershed at Hubbard Brook (W6). These soils were sampled throughout the hardwood zone of each watershed, and the sampling scheme explicitly examined pit-and-mound microtopographic gradients. These soils were analyzed for acid-base properties, net and gross N cycling rates, microbial biomass, and C cycling rates. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Catalog of NCBI sequence read archive (SRA) data for salamanders at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 2012-2021
This project was designed to describe fine-scale population genetic differentiation of the stream salamander Gryinophilus porphyriticus among five study streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The data are paired with intensive capture-recapture data to assess direct fitness effects of individual genetic diversity, including effects of individual multilocus heterozygosity on stage-specific survival probabilities. This dataset publishes a manifest of the genomic sequence reads submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). These samples are published at NCBI under the BioProject ID 1090913 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/1090913). The tables here include sample metadata and the NCBI URLs to each sample. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and Adirondack Mountains: In-stream large wood and riparian forest structure, 2002-2019
This dataset presents data on the in-stream large wood in 16 stream reaches in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest as well as the riparian forest structure and composition at these streams. It also provides data on the large wood in 13 stream reaches in old-growth forests in the Adirondack Mountains of New York.
Calling activity of Birds in the White Mountain National Forest: Manifest of 99,778 acoustic recordings from bird plots in the Hubbard Brook Forest: 2016 - 2023
During 2016 - 2023, during the bird breeding season, we collected 99,778 files of bioacoustic recordings in and near the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Here, we provide a manifest of the sound files. Most files are one-hour recordings collected at 32 kHz and saved in FLAC format (~ 25 MB per file, ~ 13 TB total). Typical recording configuration was 05:00 - 08:00 and 17:30 - 20:30 local time. The full sound files have been saved in three respositories: two copies at Dartmouth College (Ayres lab) and one copy at the Macauley Library, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The full sound files are available upon request. The file attributes within the manifest include date, start time, and recorder group: e.g., Main, 10ha, Oven, VW, AshBirch, and Ridge. Each recorder group had 5 - 20 recorders at plots separated by >100 m. Coordinates of each recorder are associated with plot names within metadata. The bird species expected to occur in these recordings are those from Holmes et al. (2021). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Holmes, R., S. Sillett, and M. Hallworth. 2021. Bird species recorded within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and vicinity (1963-2020; updated January 2021). ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/da6cbb1ed8142d52a9d72762983742d8 (Accessed 2024-10-24).
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Tree Growth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes cumulative stem biomass carbon data (from pre-treatment in 2012 until 2022) and annual stem biomass growth rates (not cumulative) for 2015-2022 for the red maple trees at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Snowmelt Manipulation study, 2021-2023
In seasonally snow-covered ecosystems such as northern hardwood forests of the northeastern U.S., spring snowmelt is a critical transition period for plant and microbial communities, as well as for the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N). However, it remains unknown how shifting snowmelt dynamics influence soil and plant processing and uptake of N in these forests, which are experiencing reductions in N availability relative to demand, a process known as oligotrophication. We determined the role of changing spring snowmelt timing on root production and N pools and fluxes by manipulating snowmelt timing along a climate elevation gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. We manually halved or doubled snow water equivalent (SWE) in experimental plots in March of 2022 and 2023 to accelerate or delay by an average of one week, respectively, the onset of spring snowmelt. Earlier snowmelt led to reduced snowpack depth and duration, as well as deeper, more sustained soil frost during the snowmelt period in 2022, but soil freezing did not occur in 2023. Soil nitrate and net nitrification rates were significantly lower with shallower snowpack and earlier snowmelt compared to plots with deeper snow and later snowmelt. Shallower snowpack and early snowmelt were also associated with decreased foliar N concentrations and 15N values, indications that earlier snowmelt contributes to lower N availability relative to plant N uptake and demand. Our study provides evidence that early snowmelt resulting from shallower snowpack contributes to N oligotrophication, primarily through impacts on soil nitrate supply and uptake of N by trees. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Litter Manipulation study, 2021-2023
Declining nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand, known as N oligotrophication, is a widespread phenomenon that has been particularly well documented in northern hardwood forests of the northeast U.S. It is hypothesized that later fall senescence contributes to this trend by increasing tree resorption of N, resulting in higher carbon:nitrogen ratios (C:N) in litterfall and reduced N availability in soil. To examine the effects of litterfall C:N on soil N cycling, we conducted a litter quality manipulation experiment comparing low C:N and high C:N litter with native litter along an elevation and aspect gradient at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. We found that potential net ammonification and mineralization rates were positively correlated with litter N and negatively correlated with litter C:N under high C:N litter, but these relationships were not present under native or low C:N litter. Differences in nitrate pools and net mineralization rates between high- and low-quality litter treatments were greater at colder sites where native litterfall tends to have lower C:N than at low elevation sites. Together, these results demonstrate that higher C:N litter and a warming climate likely contribute to N oligotrophication through effects on microbially driven N cycling rates in organic soils. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Floristic Diversity of the Experimental Watersheds, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
While tree species succession and response to disturbance has been extensively researched, little similar effort has focused on understory herbaceous communities. This study conducted the first complete botanical inventories, with ranked abundance estimates, of the experimental watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), compared their relative floristic characters, and provided baseline data for long-term diversity monitoring at HBEF. Five of these watersheds were composed of mature (90 - 100 year old) secondary-growth forest, while two were young (16 and 26 year old) tertiary-growth forests recovering from conventional clear-cutting treatments. Floristic similarities were analyzed using ANCOVA, dominance-diversity curves, and similarity matrices. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Floor Mass, Organic Matter and Chemistry in Watershed 5 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1982 Pre-Harvest Collection
Watershed 5 was surveyed in 1982 and clearcut in 1983. A pre-cut forest floor survey was done in 1982. This data set includes organic matter mass, thickness and trace metals for samples collected in the summer of 1982 as two separate collections, one in July and one in August. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed Boundaries: GIS Shapefile
Diazo copy of Hubbard Brook Watershed Map generated stereophoto- grammetrically based on May, 1956 aerial photography. Shows New Hampshire state plane coordinate system reference points which were projected into UTM Zone 19 and used as reference tics. The watersheds boundaries were delineated on a paper diazo copy of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Map supplied by Wayne Martin and manually digitized. Data distributed as shapefile in Coordinate system EPSG:26919 - NAD83 / UTM zone 19N
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Hydrography: GIS Shapefile
Diazo copy of Hubbard Brook Watershed Map generated stereophoto- grammetrically based on May, 1956 aerial photography. Shows New Hampshire state plane coordinate system reference points which were projected into UTM Zone 19 and used as reference tics. The streams, ponds, and lakes were manually digitized. This shapefile contains only streams, see hbef_waterbodies for lake and pond polygons. Data distributed as shapefile in Coordinate system EPSG:26919 - NAD83 / UTM zone 19N
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