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670 results for “Influence factors”
Study design factors influencing patients' willingness to participate in clinical research: a randomised vignette-based study
<p><b>Background:</b> High patient participation in clinical research reduces selection bias, and ensures the generalisability of study findings. We explored study-related factors that may influence patients' willingness to participate in research.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We submitted by mail two vignettes that described clinical research studies – a drug trial, and a diagnostic study – to patients recently discharged from hospital, and assessed</p> <p><b>Background:</b> High patient participation in clinical research reduces selection bias, and ensures the generalisability of study findings. We explored study-related factors that may influence patients' willingness to participate in research.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We submitted by mail two vignettes that described clinical research studies – a drug trial, and a diagnostic study – to patients recently discharged from hospital, and assessed their willingness to participate. We used a factorial design to randomly allocate three study attributes per vignette: in the drug trial, presumed superiority of new drug versus equipoise, public versus industry funding, and random versus non-random treatment allocation; in the diagnostic study, common versus rare disease, genetic versus protein analysis, and automatic reporting of results versus reporting on demand.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Of 2600 patients contacted, 1140 (44%) participated. Globally, willingness to participate in a drug trial was lower than in a diagnostic study (44.8% <i>vs</i>. 76.2%; <i>P</i> <0.001). In the drug trial, participation was significantly higher when the new drug was presented as presumably better than the old (<i>vs</i>. equipoise) and when the study was funded by public sources (<i>vs</i>. industry), but was not affected by the allocation method. None of the factors tested in the diagnostic study was associated with participation.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Patients were more likely to participate in a hypothetical observational diagnostic study than in a hypothetical drug trial. Participation in the trial was lower when clinical equipoise was expressed, and when the trial was funded by industry. These results suggest that some features of study design can influence participation.their willingness to participate. We used a factorial design to randomly allocate three study attributes per vignette: in the drug trial, presumed superiority of new drug versus equipoise, public versus industry funding, and random versus non-random treatment allocation; in the diagnostic study, common versus rare disease, genetic versus protein analysis, and automatic reporting of results versus reporting on demand.</p>
Data from: Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles
Palaeoepidemiological studies related to palaeoecology are rare, but have the potential to provide information regarding ecosystem-level characteristics by measuring individual health. In order to assess factors underlying the prevalence of pathologies in large marine vertebrates, we surveyed ichthyosaurs (Mesozoic marine reptiles) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Early Jurassic: Toarcian) of Southwestern Germany. This Formation provides a relatively large sample from a geologically and geographically restricted interval, making it ideal for generating baseline data for a palaeoepidemiological survey. We examined the influence of taxon, anatomical region, body size, ontogeny, and environmental change, as represented by the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, on the prevalence of pathologies, based on a priori ideas of factors influencing population skeletal health. Our results show that the incidence of pathologies is dependent on taxon, with the small-bodied genus Stenopterygius exhibiting fewer skeletal pathologies than other genera. Within Stenopterygius, we detected more pathologies in large adults than in smaller size classes. Stratigraphic horizon, a proxy for palaeoenvironmental change, did not influence the incidence of pathologies in Stenopterygius. Quantification of the occurrence of pathologies within taxa and across guilds is critical to constructing more detailed hypotheses regarding changes in the prevalence of skeletal injury and disease through Earth history.
Data from: Detection error influences both temporal seroprevalence predictions and risk factors associations in wildlife disease models
Understanding the prevalence of pathogens in invasive species is essential to guide efforts to prevent transmission to agricultural animals, wildlife, and humans. Pathogen prevalence can be difficult to estimate for wild species due to imperfect sampling and testing (pathogens may not be detected in infected individuals and erroneously detected in individuals that are not infected). The invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa, also referred to as wild boar and feral swine) is one of the most widespread hosts of domestic animal and human pathogens in North America. We developed hierarchical Bayesian models that account for imperfect detection to estimate the seroprevalence of five pathogens (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pseudorabies virus, Influenza A virus in swine, Hepatitis E virus, and Brucella spp.) in wild pigs in the United States using a dataset of over 50,000 samples across nine years. To assess the effect of incorporating detection error in models, we also evaluated models that ignored detection error. Both sets of models included effects of demographic parameters on seroprevalence. We compared our predictions of seroprevalence to 40 published studies, only one of which accounted for imperfect detection. We found a range of seroprevalence among the pathogens with a high seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus, indicating significant risk to livestock and wildlife. Demographics had mostly weak effects, indicating that other variables may have greater effects in predicting seroprevalence. Models that ignored detection error led to different predictions of seroprevalence as well as different inferences on the effects of demographic parameters. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating detection error in models of seroprevalence and demonstrate that ignoring such error may lead to erroneous conclusions about the risk associated with pathogen transmission. When using opportunistic sampling data to model seroprevalence and evaluate risk factors, detection error should be included.
Data from: Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream-dwelling amphibian
Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for detecting and estimating abundance of aquatic species are emerging rapidly, but little is known about how processes such as secretion rate, environmental degradation, and time since colonization or extirpation from a given site affect eDNA measurements. Using stream-dwelling salamanders and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis, we conducted three experiments to assess eDNA: (1) production rate, (2) persistence time under different temperature and light conditions, and (3) detectability and concentration through time following experimental introduction and removal of salamanders into previously unoccupied streams. We found that 44–50 g individuals held in aquaria produced 77 ng eDNA/hr for two hours, after which production either slowed considerably or began to equilibrate with degradation. eDNA in both full-sun and shaded treatments degraded exponentially to <1% of the original concentration after 3 days. eDNA was no longer detectable in full-sun samples after 8 days, whereas eDNA was detected in 20% of shaded samples after 11 days and 100% of refrigerated control samples after 18 days. When translocated into unoccupied streams, salamanders were detectable after 6 hours, but only when densities were relatively high (0.2481 individuals/m2) and when samples were collected within 5 m of the animals. Concentrations of eDNA detected were very low and increased steadily from 6–24 hours after introduction, reaching 0.0022 ng/L. Within 1 hour of removing salamanders from the stream, eDNA was no longer detectable. These results suggest that eDNA detectability and concentration depend on production rates of individuals, environmental conditions, density of animals, and their residence time.
Data from: Space, time, and captivity: quantifying the factors influencing the fecal microbiome of an alpine ungulate
The community of microorganisms in the gut is affected by host species, diet and environment and is linked to normal functioning of the host organism. Although the microbiome fluctuates in response to host demands and environmental changes, there are core groups of microorganisms that remain relatively constant throughout the hosts lifetime. Ruminants are mammals that rely on highly specialized digestive and metabolic modifications, including microbiome adaptations, to persist in extreme environments. Here, we assayed the fecal microbiome of four mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) populations in western North America. We quantified fecal microbiome diversity and composition among groups in the wild and captivity, across populations and in a single group over time. There were no differences in community evenness or diversity across groups, although we observed a decreasing diversity trend across summer months. Pairwise sample estimates grouped the captive population distinctly from the wild populations, and moderately grouped the southern wild group distinctly from the two northern wild populations. We identified 33 genera modified by captivity, with major differences in key groups associated with cellulose degradation that likely reflect differences in diet. Our findings are consistent with other ruminant studies and provide baseline microbiome data in this enigmatic species, offering valuable insights into the health of wild alpine ungulates.
Data from: Influence of environmental factors on the genetic variation of the aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus subrigidus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p><b>Background: </b>Due to the environmental heterogeneity along elevation gradients, alpine ecosystems are ideal study objects for investigating how ecological variables shape the genetic patterns of natural species. The highest region in the world, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is a hotspot for the studies of evolutionary processes in plants. Many large rivers spring from the plateau, providing abundant habitats for aquatic and amphibious organisms. In the present study, we examined the genetic diversity of 13 <i>Ranunculus subrigidus</i> populations distributed throughout the plateau in order to elucidate the relative contribution of geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity to the spatial genetic pattern. </p> <p><b>Results: </b>A relatively low level of genetic diversity within populations was found. No spatial genetic structure was suggested by the analyses of molecular variance, Bayesian clustering analysis and Mantel tests. Partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression analysis showed a significant influence of the environment on the genetic divergence of the species. Both climatic and water quality variables contribute to the habitat heterogeneity of <i>R. subrigidus </i>populations. </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our results suggest that historical processes involving long-distance dispersal and local adaptation may account for the genetic patterns of <i>R. subrigidus</i> and current environmental factors play an important role in the genetic differentiation and local adaptation of aquatic plants in alpine landscapes.</p>
Data from: Leapfrogging the Mexican highlands: influence of biogeographical and ecological factors on the diversification of highland species
In order to understand the processes that generate and maintain diversity, it is important to disentangle the roles of ecology and geography in speciation. We investigated the biogeographical and ecological factors that influenced the diversification of tree frogs (genus Sarcohyla) in the Mexican highlands, a region with high levels of endemism. Using single nucleotide polymorphism data for 58 samples, we found support for seven distinct genetic clusters within the Sarcohyla bistincta species complex, corresponding to Sarcohyla calthula, Sarcohyla pentheter and five populations within S. bistincta. A species tree analysis using the multispecies coalescent model did not support the monophyly of the five S. bistincta populations. We used niche modelling to calculate the ecological overlap among lineages; we found a degree of overlapping for most of the lineages, suggesting that ecological differentiation did not play a key role in their genetic divergence. Speciation and population structure in the complex have been shaped primarily by geological events, landscape modifications and climate changes during the Pleistocene. We discuss the relevance of genetic diversity for inferring the degree of species threats and recovery for conservation assessments.
The spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of hotel industry in the metropolitan area: an empirical study based on China
Through the online booking platform, 10,543 big data of spatial and temporal distribution of Beijing hotel industry has been obtained in this paper. Then, the methods of GIS and the geographical detector are used to study the spatiotemporal evolution process and the influencing factors of Beijing hotel industry during 2003-2018. The results are as follows: a. During the period of 2003-2018, the hotel industry in Beijing maintained a high growth rate and had three growth peaks in 2008, 2010 and 2014. Meanwhile, major historical events, such as the Olympic Games had a significant influence on the development of the hotel industry. b. Between 2003 and 2018, the hotel industry in Beijing gradually developed from the centripetal agglomeration to aggregation + diffusion, and also from the single center to the multi-center. Besides, various hotels presented two characteristics of city orientation and scenic orientation. c. The natural geographical environment had shaped the overall pattern and characteristics of the spatial distribution of the hotel industry in Beijing, and the socio-economic factors such as commercial activities, public facilities, tourism services and traffic conditions significantly influenced the location selection of the hotel industry. Therefore, the urban center is the ideal area for the spatial layout of the hotel industry. d. Geographical detector research showed that the factors, such as administrative organs, road network density, leisure and recreational facilities, and companies have strong explanatory power for hotel location selection, which is an important reference index for hotels to select the micro location. This paper is a beneficial supplement to the existing research and has certain guiding significance for the sustainable development of Beijing hotel industry.
Factors used to Influence Mobile Health Application Rating
<p>Over the last five years, mobile health applications (mHealthapp) have evolved exponentially to assess and support our health and well-being. This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabledmHealth app rating tool which takes multidimensional measures such as starrating, user's review and features declared by the developer to generate apprating. However, currently, there is very little conceptual understanding onhow users' reviews affect app rating from a multi-dimensional perspective. This study applies artificial intelligence (AI)-based text mining technique to develop more comprehensive understanding of users' feedback based on an array of factors, determining the mHealth app ratings. Based on the literature, six variables were identified that influence the mHealth app rating scale. These factors are user's star rating, user's text review, user interface (UI) design, functionality, security and privacy, and clinical approval. Natural Language Toolkit package is used for interpreting text and to identify the App users' sentiment. Additional considerations were accessibility, protection and privacy, UI design for people living with physical disability. Moreover, the details of clinical approval, if exists, were taken from the developer's statement. Finally, we fused all the inputs using fuzzy logic to calculate the new app rating score. Our proposed model concentrates on heart related apps found in the play store and app gallery. The findings indicate the efficacy of the model as opposed to the current device scale. This study has implications for both app developers and consumers who are using mHealth apps to monitor and track their health. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed mHealth scale has shown excellent reliability as well as internal consistency of the scale, and high inter-rater reliability index. It has been also found that the fuzzy based rating has a high variance compared to the conventional app rating whereas the fuzzy based rating shows high relationship in contrast to scoring based on expert opinion.</p>
Dataset with determinants or factors influencing graduate economics student preparation and success in an online environment
<p>The data relates to the paper that analyses the determinants or factors that best explain student research skills and success in the honours research report module during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. The data used have been gathered through an online survey created on the Qualtrics software package. The research questions were developed from demographic factors and subject knowledge including assignments to supervisor influence and other factors in terms of experience or belonging that played a role (see anonymous link at <a href="https://unisa.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_86OZZOdyA5sBurY">https://unisa.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_86OZZOdyA5sBurY</a>. An SMS was sent to all students of the 2021 module group to make them aware of the survey. They were under no obligation to complete it and all information was regarded as anonymous. We received 39 responses. The raw data from the survey was processed through the SPSS statistical, software package. The data file contains the demographics, frequencies, descriptives, and open questions processed. </p> <p>The study reported in this paper employed the mixed methods approach comprising a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative and econometric analysis of the dependent variable, namely, the final marks for the research report and the independent variables that explain it. The results show significance in terms of the assignments and existing knowledge marks in terms of their bachelor's average mark. We extended the analysis to a qualitative and quantitative survey, which indicated that the mean statistical feedback was above average and therefore strongly agreed/agreed except for library use by the student. Students, therefore, need more guidance in terms of library use and the open questions showed a need for a research methods course in the future. Furthermore, supervision tends to be a significant determinant in all cases. It is also here where supervisors can use social media instruments such as WhatsApp and Facebook to inform students further. This study contributes as the first to investigate the preparation and research skills of students for master's and doctoral studies during the COVID-19 pandemic in an online environment.</p>
Ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the habitat use of Bos gaurus and its conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
<p>This is the dataset of gaur from chitwan national park on habitat use</p>
Datasets for "Individual and environmental factors influencing preen gland's morphology and physiology in the barn owl (Tyto alba)"
<p><span>Avian preen gland helps birds cope with their environment, although its overall functioning remains unclear. We shed light on the complexity of the preen gland’s functioning by studying how multiple factors associate with gland morphology (size and shape) and physiology (wax secreted) in barn owls (<em>Tyto alba</em>). Individual factors (sex, breeding stage, body condition) were more important predictors of preen gland than environmental factors (temperature, humidity, brood size). Sex, depending on breeding stage in adults, influenced preen gland traits, pointing to the preen gland’s regulation by sex hormones and a greater pressure on females to protect their eggs, offspring and themselves throughout reproduction. Adults and fledglings in better condition had larger glands, pointing to the existence of physiological costs. Temperature and humidity, in interaction with plumage coloration, also influenced but to a lesser extent preen gland traits, suggesting that melanin pigmentation and preen gland act as superseding mechanisms when protecting plumage against microorganisms. Finally, fledglings living in larger broods had larger glands, suggesting a role for the social environment in preen gland’s functioning. Overall, our study supports the idea that preen gland functions in diverse biological contexts within the same species and is thus subject to multiple selective pressures.</span></p>
Supplementary data for "Quantifying the Impact Factors of Landslide Dam Breaching: A Numerical Study on the Influence of Lake Geometry and Upstream Inflow"
<p>The supplementary data provides a summary of previously published data and natural case studies related to landslide dam breaching, which were utilized in the study titled <em>"Quantifying the Impact Factors of Landslide Dam Breaching: A Numerical Study on the Influence of Lake Geometry and Upstream Inflow."</em></p>
Does stress mess with rodents' heads? Influence of habitat availability and genetic factors in mandible fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in South American water rats (Nectomys squamipes, Sigmodontinae) from Brazilian Atlantic rainforest remnants
<p>Loss of developmental stability can lead to deviations from bilateral symmetry (i.e. Fluctuating Asymmetry -FA), and is thought to be caused by environmental and genetic factors associated with habitat loss and stress. Therefore, levels of FA might be a valuable tool to monitor wild populations if FA serves an indicator of exposure to stress due to impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation. In studies examining FA and habitat fragmentation, FA levels are often explained by loss of genetic variation, though few studies have addressed FA's use as indicator of environmental impact. Here we investigated whether habitat loss, genetic variation and/or inbreeding affect the developmental instability in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest populations of a Neotropical water rat (Nectomys squamipes). We sampled individuals from eight forest remnants with different amounts of available habitat and assessed FA levels with geometric morphometric techniques using adult mandibles. We used observed heterozygosity (Ho) and inbreeding coefficient (Fis), from seven microsatellite markers, as a proxy of genetic variation at individual and population levels. Populations were not significantly different for shape or size FA levels. Furthermore inter-individual variation in both shape and size FA levels, as well as inter-populational differences in size FA levels, were best explained by chance. However, habitat availability was negatively associated with both inter-populational variance and average shape FA levels. This association was stronger in populations living in areas with less than 20% of habitat available, which presented higher variance and higher average of FA, suggesting that Nectomys squamipes might have a tolerance threshold to small availability of habitat. Our work was one of the first to use FA to address environmental stress caused by reduced habitat availability in small mammal populations from a Neotropical biome. We suggest that shape FA might serve as a conservation tool to monitor human impact on natural animal populations.</p>
Data from: Factors influencing dispersal initiation and timing in a facultative cooperative breeder
<p>Natal dispersal is a high-risk endeavor where decisions on whether and when to disperse have long-term consequences. Among facultative cooperative breeders, juveniles often forego dispersal and remain philopatric for one or more breeding seasons. This decision is key to the formation of cooperative breeding groups and could have significant effects on reproductive success. We investigated the probability and initiation of dispersal in the cooperatively breeding Brown-headed Nuthatch (<em>Sitta pusilla</em>) to determine the influence that social environments had on dispersal. This study was concurrent with another study where manipulation of population sex ratios increased the prevalence and size of cooperative groups. The concurrent manipulations enabled us to evaluate social effects on dispersal as a plausible mechanism driving the relationship between adult sex ratios and cooperation. We evaluated which factors best predicted whether males dispersed, and the timing of dispersal for both sexes. We considered variables related to the immediate nesting environment as well as characteristics of the local population. Social environments were related to dispersal for both males and females. Juvenile males dispersed earlier when a helper was present in the natal group. Females dispersed earlier in settings with more adult neighbors and when a lower proportion of those neighbors were males. Females with shorter tarsi relative to their siblings dispersed earlier, suggesting that size-based competitive interactions may also affect dispersal decisions. Our results suggest juveniles disperse more readily when they fledge in constrained social environments, and that competition with conspecifics is a major driver of dispersal in the Brown-headed Nuthatch.</p>
Socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity of smallholder irrigation schemes
<p>Socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity of smallholder irrigation schemes</p>
Influence of social and environmental factors for Culex quinquefasciatus distribution in Northeastern Brazil: a risk index
<p>Article data influence of social and environmental factors for Culex quinquefasciatus distribution in Northeastern Brazil: a risk index.</p>
Factors influencing the habitat choice of pangolins (Manis spp.) in low land of Nepal
<p><span>Pangolins in the genus <i>Manis </i>are nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Of the eight extant pangolin species worldwide, two species are found in Nepal: the Chinese pangolin (<i>Manis pentadactyla</i>) and the Indian pangolin (<i>Manis crassicaudata</i>). Despite having a great ecological role by controlling the ants or termite population, little attention has been given to the conservation interventions of both species of pangolins found in the Terai region (low land) of Nepal. The present study assesses habitat use and factors affecting the habitat choice of pangolins in low land (Terai), Nepal. The research was focused on Amritdharapani community forest of Chitwan district. Pangolin burrows were used as the indirect signs of pangolin presence. A total of thirty-nine burrows were observed at elevations ranging from 301 to 413 m asl. Burrows were frequently associated with north-west aspects, gentle slope (15º to 20º), moderate canopy cover (51 to 75%), red-colored soil, and acidic soils with pH 6.5 to 7. The burrows were most common in areas with weak human disturbance (i.e. 1500 to 1700 m from settlements), 800 to 1200 m from roads, and with-in 300 m from a water source and with-in 20 m from the nearest termitarium. This study revealed distance to settlement, distance to road, soil pH, and canopy cover as major factors affecting the habitat choice of pangolins in the study area. </span></p>
Factors influencing halide vacancy transport in perovskite solar cells
<p>Python code will generate high grid structures in CsPbX<sub>3</sub> (X=Cl, Br, I) and a migration path. It will collect the data from a customized number of grids and calculate the migration barrier. Various factors, such as defect charge states or pressure, can be applied to high grid structures to consider device-like conditions. Examples of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> high grid structures are named by {#of grids}_{grid point x}_{grid point y}.</p>
Human and Organizational Factors and their Influence on Turnover in Global Software Development Projects
<p><strong>LIST OF PAPERS - Human and Organizational Factors and their Influence on Turnover in Global Software Development Projects</strong></p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.