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2,555 results for “Lead”
Wind energy development can lead to guild-specific habitat loss in boreal forest bats
<p>Forest management rarely considers protecting bats in Fennoscandian regions although all species rely on forest habitat at some point in their annual cycle. This issue is especially evident as wind parks have increasingly been developed inside Fennoscandian forests, against the advice of international bat conservation guidelines. In this study, we aimed to describe and explain bat community dynamics at a Norwegian wind park located in a boreal forest, especially to understand potential avoidance or attraction effects. The bat community was sampled acoustically and described using foraging guilds (short, medium, and long-range echolocators; SRE, MRE, LRE) as well as behavior (commuting, feeding and social calls). Sampling was undertaken at two locations per turbine: (i) the turbine pad and (ii) a paired natural habitat at ground level, as well as from a meteorological tower. We used a recently developed method for camera trapping nocturnal flying insects synchronously with bat acoustic activity. Our results reveal trends in feeding and general bat activity across foraging guilds in relation to insect availability, habitat type, wind, temperature, and seasonality. We show how seasonal patterns in behavior across guilds were affected by habitat type, temperature, and wind. We found that SRE commuting and especially feeding activity was highest in natural habitats, whereas LRE overall activity at habitats more season dependent. We found that nocturnal insect availability was positively correlated with total bat feeding activity throughout the night. Our results provide evidence for both direct and indirect risks to bat communities by wind parks: SRE bat habitat is lost to wind energy infrastructure and LRE bat may have an increased risk of fatality. Our findings provide important insights on seasonal and spatial variability in bat activity, which can inform standardizing monitoring of bats acoustically in boreal forests, at wind parks, and in combination with non-invasive insect monitoring.</p>
Defect tolerance of lead-halide perovskite (100) surface relative to bulk: band bending, surface states, and characteristics of vacancies (dataset)
<p>This repository contains an input data set as well as the output data that were used in a study of surface and bulk defects in cubic CsPbI<sub>3</sub>. using a Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) and PyDEF 2 package for processing of defect calculations. More details about organization of the dataset can be found within REDME.txt files</p>
Data repository for: Frictional weakening leads to unconventional singularities during dynamic rupture propagation
<p>Laboratory data to accompany publication <span>Frictional weakening leads to unconventional singularities during dynamic rupture propagation</span>, submitted to Earth and Planetary Science Letters.</p> <p>For any further queries please contact federica.paglialunga@epfl.ch</p>
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
<p>Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.</p>
Pavilion VIII Lead Rosette-LG-color original
This is 3D data from an original lead rosette from Pavilion VIII in Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village at the University of Virginia. Recovered by UVA Facilities Management in Spring 2021. The original was scanned with a Creaform GoScan Spark at .25 mm resolution without color texture specifically for 3D printer replication. The data and/or the 3D print will be used to create molds to create replacements when the original are damaged. This model was exported from Geomagic as a color textured version showing the broken delta petal before it was digitally reconstructed. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
SHIPWRECK Lead Apron from cannon 17th century
A cannon lead apron from a 17th century shipwreck off the Isle of Wight, UK, size is approximately 28x23cm with a weight of 2.7kg. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Penycrocbren Early Lead Mining Landscape
A deceptively flat looking landscape that pays closer attention. Please zoom into the annotated areas. The Penycrocbren ridge is traversed by Glyndwr's Way which follows a much older road thought to be Roman in origin. The Roman fortlet measures 26.5m x by 23.5m defined by single turf rampart 0.8m high with a single gateway 3m wide on the north side. Partial excavations in 1960 showed the interior to be covered by a floor of chippings with substantial gate posts in the entrance and pottery dating to the mid to late 2nd century AD. The placename Pen-y-crocbren means Gallows Top and the gibbet mound lies a few metres west of the Roman fort where it utilized a much older prehistoric burial mound. In1938 the remains of gibbeting irons with a skull inside were found here, now on display in St. Fagans National History Museum. Former lead mining shafts follow a sub-surface vein and the remains of a hushing reservoir and channel can be seen which have been radiocarbon dated to 980-1170 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bitten Lead Shot
Lead Shot, with human teeth marks (FSN #73), Fort Mose (1738-1763). Excavated during the 2021 field school. To learn more visit:https://fortmose.org/ Model by Emma Dietrich This model was made using RealityCapture software by Capturing Reality Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Chemo- and optogenetic activation of hypothalamic Foxb1-expressing neurons and their terminal endings in the rostral-dorsolateral PAG leads to tachypnea, bradycardia, and immobility
<p>Foxb1-expressing neurons occur in the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) and further rostrally in the parvafox nucleus, a longitudinal cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of rodents. The descending projection of these Foxb1+ neurons end in the dorsolateral part of the periaqueductal gray (dlPAG). The functional role of the Foxb1+ neuronal subpopulation in the PMd and the parvafox nucleus remains elusive. In this study, the activity of the Foxb1+ neurons and of their terminal endings in the dlPAG was selectively altered by employing chemo- and optogenetic tools. Our results show that in whole-body barometric plethysmography, hM3Dq-mediated, global Foxb1+ neuron excitation activates respiration. Time-resolved optogenetic gain-of-function manipulation of the terminal endings of Foxb1+ neurons in the rostral third of the dlPAG leads to abrupt immobility and bradycardia. Chemogenetic activation of Foxb1+ cell bodies and ChR2-mediated excitation of their axonal endings in the dlPAG led to a phenotypical presentation congruent with a "freezing-like" situation during innate defensive behavior. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation grant 31003A_160325 to Marco R. Celio.</p>
Raw data and R code for statistical analyses from: Sensory trap leads to reliable communication without a shift in nonsexual responses to the model cue
<p>The sensory trap model of signal evolution suggests that males manipulate females into mating using traits that mimic cues used in a nonsexual context. Despite much empirical support for sensory traps, little is known about how females evolve in response to these deceptive signals. Female sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus</em>) evolved to discriminate a male sex pheromone from the larval odor it mimics and orient only towards males during mate search. Larvae and males release the attractant 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), but spawning females avoid larval odor using the pheromone antagonist, petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), which larvae but not males, release at higher rates than 3kPZS. We tested the hypothesis that migratory females also discriminate between larval odor and the male pheromone and orient only to larval odor during anadromous migration, when they navigate within spawning streams using larval odor before they begin mate search. In-stream behavioral assays revealed that, unlike spawning females, migratory females do not discriminate between mixtures of 3kPZS and PZS applied at ratios typical of larval versus male odorants. Our results indicate females discriminate between the sexual and nonsexual sources of 3kPZS during but not outside of mating and show sensory traps can lead to reliable sexual communication without females shifting their responses in the original context.</p>
Raw data and outputs from: Sensory trap leads to reliable communication without a shift in nonsexual responses to the model cue
<p>The sensory trap model of signal evolution suggests that males manipulate females into mating using traits that mimic cues used in a nonsexual context. Despite much empirical support for sensory traps, little is known about how females evolve in response to these deceptive signals. Female sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus</em>) evolved to discriminate a male sex pheromone from the larval odor it mimics and orient only towards males during mate search. Larvae and males release the attractant 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), but spawning females avoid larval odor using the pheromone antagonist, petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), which larvae but not males, release at higher rates than 3kPZS. We tested the hypothesis that migratory females also discriminate between larval odor and the male pheromone and orient only to larval odor during anadromous migration, when they navigate within spawning streams using larval odor before they begin mate search. In-stream behavioral assays revealed that, unlike spawning females, migratory females do not discriminate between mixtures of 3kPZS and PZS applied at ratios typical of larval versus male odorants. Our results indicate females discriminate between the sexual and nonsexual sources of 3kPZS during but not outside of mating and show sensory traps can lead to reliable sexual communication without females shifting their responses in the original context.</p>
Dataset for the Paper "Longevity of Artifacts in Leading Parallel and Distributed Systems Conferences: a Review of the State of the Practice in 2023"
<p>Dataset used for the paper "Longevity of Artifacts in Leading Parallel and Distributed Systems Conferences: a Review of the State of the Practice in 2023" submitted at ACM REP'24.</p> <p>The associated analysis scripts are available on Software-Heritage: https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:3904795a49327b1e9b7ef1a8aff995b1f94ae6fb;origin=https://github.com/GuilloteauQ/artefact-lifetime;visit=swh:1:snp:9adc667f9fefcb6783df076520ef357231030ad4;anchor=swh:1:rev:ad4d19abb5da12fd6df708bc13e444d834c85dfa</p>
Project Section: Searching for Mutations Leading to Isoniazid Resistance in TB (HackBio)
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p><span>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains poses a significant challenge to effective treatment. Isoniazid is a key first-line drug used in the treatment of TB, and resistance to this drug can compromise the success of therapy. </span></p> <p><span>This project aims to identify and characterise genetic mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in </span><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em><span>, the causative agent of TB. </span></p> <p><strong>Datasets</strong><span>: Here</span></p> <p><strong>Task:</strong></p> <ul> <li><span>Given the datasets above, perform the complete variant calling and annotation pipeline to specifically identify the following known mutations in </span><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em><span> (against Isoniazid). </span></li> <li><span>Provide pretty IGV visualisation of mutations in </span><em>katG</em><span> sequences (Position: 2156111 - 2153889) across all the samples. N/B: </span><em>katG</em><span> mutations are prevalent in isoniazid resistance.</span></li> <li><span>Also, explore associated biological pathways to understand the molecular mechanisms of isoniazid resistance.</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><span>Expected Output:</span></strong></p> <p><span>Kindly submit a comprehensive project report, including methods, results, and interpretations.</span></p>
Resources for "Enterprise's strategies to improve financial capital under a climate change scenario – evidence of the leading country"
<p>The dataset and code deposited here are resources used for analysis in the study titled "Enterprise’s strategies to improve financial capital under a climate change scenario – evidence of the leading country"</p>
Blood lead levels in an endangered vulture decline following changes in hunting activity
<p>Lead ammunition stands out as one of the most pervasive pollutants affecting wildlife. Its impact on bird populations has spurred efforts for the phase-out of leaded gunshots in several countries, although with varying scopes and applications. Ongoing and future policy changes require data to assess the effectiveness of adopted measures, particularly in the current context of biodiversity loss. Here, we assessed the long-term changes in blood lead (Pb) levels of Egyptian vultures from the Canary Islands, Spain, which have been severely affected by Pb poisoning over the past two decades. During this period, the reduction in hunting pressure and changes in legislation regarding firearms usage for small game hunting likely contributed to a decrease in environmental Pb availability. As anticipated, our results show a reduction in Pb levels, especially after the ban on wild rabbit hunting with shotguns since 2010. This effect was stronger in the preadult fraction of the vulture population. However, we still observed elevated blood Pb levels above the background and clinical thresholds in 5.6% and 1.5% of individuals, respectively. Our results highlight the positive impact of reducing the availability of Pb from ammunition sources on individual health. Nonetheless, the continued use of Pb gunshot remains an important source of poisoning, even lethal, mainly affecting adult individuals. This poses particular concerns for long-lived birds, compounding by potential chronic effects associated with Pb bioaccumulation. Our findings align with recent studies indicating insufficient reductions in Pb levels among European birds of prey, attributed to limited policy changes and their uneven implementation. We anticipated further reductions in Pb levels among Egyptian vultures with expanded restrictions on hunting practices, including a blanket ban on Pb shot usage across all small game species.</p>
Promoter methylation leads to Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4A loss and pancreatic cancer aggressiveness.
<p><i>Efforts to decode pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) heterogeneity and the consequent therapeutic selection remains a challenge. We aimed to characterize epigenetically regulated pathways involved in PDAC progression.</i></p><p><i>Global DNA methylation analysis in pancreatic cancer patient tissues and cell lines was performed to identify differentially methylated genes. Targeted bisulfite sequencing and in vitro methylation reporter assays were employed to investigate the direct link between sitespecific methylation and transcriptional regulation. A series of in vitro loss- and gain-of function studies, and in vivo xenograft and the KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre) mouse models were used to assess pancreatic cancer cell properties. Gene and protein expression analyses were performed in three different cohorts of pancreatic cancer patients and correlated to clinicopathological parameters.</i></p><p><i>We identify Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4A (HNF4A) as a novel target of hypermethylation in pancreatic cancer and demonstrate that site-specific proximal promoter methylation drives HNF4A transcriptional repression. Expression analyses in patients, indicate the methylation-associated suppression of HNF4A expression in pancreatic cancer tissues. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that HNF4A is a novel tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer, regulating cancer growth and aggressiveness. As evidenced in both the KPC mouse model and human pancreatic cancer tissues, HNF4A expression declines significantly in the early stages of the disease. Most importantly, HNF4 loss correlates with poor overall patient survival.</i></p>
Data from: Physical mechanisms of deep convective boundary layer leading to dust emission in the Taklimakan desert
<p>Deserts play an important role in the climate system, which is closely associated with the emission and transport of dust aerosols. Based on the intensive observation experiment in the Taklimakan Desert, the potential physical processes between the deep convective boundary layer (CBL) and dust emission are revealed in this study. Deep CBL enables the formation of clouds in the late afternoon, leading to significant cooling of surface. Large-scale buoyant coherent structures thereby transform into the mechanical coherent structures confined near the surface. The responses promote the earlier occurrence of low-level jet (LLJ) than in cloudless conditions, which allows the downward transport of LLJ momentum and substantially increases surface wind. Therefore, dust emission is initiated by strong wind at dusk and lasts for several hours. The results are useful to predict dust emissions and improve our understanding of distinctive boundary-layer processes in desert regions.</p>
Data from: Delayed incubation leads to hatching failure of a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest
<p>Birds face strong selective pressures to complete individual nesting attempts as quickly as possible to minimize exposure of nests to predators and weather, maximize renesting potential, and maximize hatching success. As a result, the duration of developmental periods and overall nest periods are often relatively constant within species. However, birds may sometimes be subject to acute energetic constraints that may preclude them from initiating incubation at the optimal time. We report an extraordinary case of delayed incubation by a female Burrowing Owl (<em>Athene cunicularia</em>) in Oregon, USA, which contrasted sharply with a large sample of nests monitored by motion-activated video cameras in western North America from 2015 to 2018. The focal female delayed incubation by 11 days following clutch completion and subsequently experienced near-total hatching failure of her clutch. This observation corroborates previous experimental studies regarding the limits to egg viability and trade-offs between the timing of incubation onset and hatching success. These findings illustrate the acute trade-offs faced by nesting birds, and the cost of delayed incubation that we observed in this owl could help explain the cause of asynchronous hatching.</p>
Arctic leads and their contribution to summertime sea salt aerosol
<p>Sea ice fraction and associated sea spray emissions from leads as implemented in the WRF-Chem atmospheric model, within the framework of the H2020 project CRiceS and Horizon Europe project CERTAINTY. The animation shows the relative contribution of emissions from sea ice leads in summer 2018 to sea salt aerosol surface concentration.</p> <p>Reference publication: Lapere, R., Marelle, L., Rampal, P., Brodeau, L., Melsheimer, C., Spreen, G., and Thomas, J. L.: Modeling the contribution of leads to sea spray aerosol in the high Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12107–12132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12107-2024, 2024.</p>
Impact of Andreev Bound States within the Leads of a Quantum Dot Josephson Junction
<p>This repository contains all the raw data and the code used to generate the figures of the article "Impact of Andreev Bound States within the Leads of a Quantum Dot Josephson Junction".</p> <ul> <li>The plotting.ipynb notebook creates the majority of the figures. To run it you need to install proplot. Create a fresh python environment for it, since you might need to downgrade numpy to the 1.19.5 version and matplotlib to the 3.4.3 one. To install the relevant python packages and open the notebook you can download Anaconda and use the following terminal instructions:<br> <pre><code>conda create -n andreev-trimer python=3.10 conda activate andreev-trimer conda install proplot conda install jupyterlab xarray netcdf4 tqdm jupyter lab</code></pre> extraction-3D.ipynb extracts the charge degeneracy points from 3D charge stability diagram measurements. To run it you need to install scikit-image. If you want to export additional .gif images install imageio as well:<br> <pre><code>conda install scikit-image imageio</code></pre> </li> <li>To visualize the 3D charge stability diagrams (Figure 5) you can use plotting-3D.ipynb. To run it you need to install pyvista. A dedicated environment is recommended. To install pyvista and run it with JupyterLab use the following instructions:<br> <pre><code>conda create -n pyvista python=3.9 conda activate pyvista conda install nodejs pip install jupyter pyvista trame jupyter lab</code></pre> </li> <li>Finally, simulations.ipynb computes all the theoretical simulations. To run it you need cython and you can install it in a dedicated environment using the following instructions:<br> <pre><code>conda create -n theory conda activate theory conda install jupyterlab matplotlib cython scipy jupyter lab</code></pre> </li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.