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Figure 5 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 5. Mating sequence of two individuals of Chelidonura berolina belonging to two different colour forms. Single digit numbers indicate the sequence of events. Multiple digit numbers indicated the time at which the photographs were taken.
Figure 4 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of the protoconch morphology or apical shell morphology of some specimens examined. Arrows indicate transitions in growth line pattern. A–D, Chelidonura africana: A, specimen from Portugal (MNCN 15.05/46493); B, specimen from Portugal (MNCN 15.05/46488); C, specimen from Portugal (MNCN 15.05/44368); D, juvenile specimen from Azores, Portugal (MNCN 15.05/44367). E–G, Chelidonura berolina: E, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 172272); F, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176427); G, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176426). H–J, Chelidonura normani sp. nov.: H, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3126); I-J, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3127).
Figure 3 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 3. Drawings of the penis and prostate of several specimens examined. A–K, Chelidonura berolina: A, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); B, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); C, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176431); D, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); E, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176432); F, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); G, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176435); H, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); I, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176428); J, specimen from Martinique (LACM 176437); K, specimen from Roatán, Honduras (LACM 176433). L–M, Chelidonura africana: L, specimen from Portugal (MNCN 15.05/46493); M, specimen from Portugal (MNCN 15.05/44368). N–O, Chelidonura normani sp. nov.: N, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3126); O, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3125). Abbreviations: pe, penis; pr, prostate.
Figure 2 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood bootstrap consensus tree for the analysis of the combined histone 3 (H3), 16S, and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence alignments. Bootstrap values are indicated above each branch. Respective posterior probabilities resulting from the Bayesian analysis are also indicated below each branch.
Figure 1 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 1. External morphology of some specimens of Chelidonura showing the range of colour variation. Specimens are grouped according to the authors' interpretation of species boundary hypotheses proposed in the literature. A–G, specimens similar to the original description of Chelidonura berolina Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970: A, original drawing of C. berolina (from Marcus & Marcus, 1970); B, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176429); C, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3127); D, specimens from Bahamas (LACM 176427); E, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3127); F, specimen from Yucatan, Mexico; G. specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176425). H–M, specimens similar to the original description of Aglaja hummelincki Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970: H, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3127); I, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176427); J, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176425); K, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176426); L, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176425); M, original drawing of A. hummelincki (from Marcus & Marcus, 1970). N–P, specimens similar to the original description of Chelidonura juancarlosi Ortea & Espinosa 1998: N, original drawing of C. juancarlosi (from Ortea & Espinosa, 1998); O, specimen from Bermuda (LACM 176434); P, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 173215). Q–S, specimens similar to the original description of Chelidonura mariagordae Ortea et al. 2004: Q, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 176435); R, original photograph of C. mariagordae (from Ortea et al., 2004); S, specimen from Bahamas (LACM 3128).
Figure 6 in The tail tells the tale: taxonomy and biogeography of some Atlantic Chelidonura (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene data
Figure 6. Type specimens of Chelidonura normani sp. nov. A, holotype (LACM 3125). B, paratype (LACM 3127). C, paratypes (LACM 3126). D, paratype (LACM 3128).
Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS-2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda
<p>Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede <em>Polydesmus</em> sp. GZCS-2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda-Supplementary Materials</p>
Data for: Both Conifer II and Gnetales are characterized by a high frequency of ancient mitochondrial gene transfer to the nuclear genome
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Mitochondrial gene transfer/loss is common in land plants, and therefore the fate of missing mitochondrial genes has attracted more and more attention. The gene content of gymnosperm mitochondria varies greatly, supplying a system for studying the evolutionary fate of missing mitochondrial genes.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Here we studied the tempo and pattern of mitochondrial gene loss/transfer in gymnosperms represented by all 13 families, using high-throughput sequencing of both DNA and cDNA. All 41 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were found in cycads, <em>Ginkgo</em> and Pinaceae, whereas multiple mitochondrial genes were absent in Conifer II and Gnetales. In Conifer II, gene transfer from mitochondria to the nucleus followed by loss of the mitochondrial copy was common, but complete loss of a gene in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes was rare. In contrast, both gene transfer and loss were commonly found in Gnetales. Notably, in Conifer II and Gnetales, the same five mitochondrial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome, and these gene transfer events occurred, respectively, in ancestors of the two lineages. A two-step transfer mechanism (retroprocessing and subsequent DNA-mediated gene transfer) may be responsible for mitochondrial gene transfer in Conifer II and Gnetales. Moreover, the mitochondrial gene content variation is correlated with gene length, GC content, hydrophobicity, and nucleotide substitution rates in land plants.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals a complete evolutionary scenario for mitochondrial genes of gymnosperms and the factors responsible for mitochondrial gene content variation in land plants.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Mitochondrial genome of Poecilimon cretensis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae): Strong phylogenetic signals in gene overlapping regions
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree inferred by maximum likelihood using W-IQ-Tree from 13 Phaneropterinae mitogenomes representing different tribes (number along the nodes indicate bootstrap support).
FIG. 4. Haplotype network for the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b in Phylogeography of the Chocó Endemic Rainbow Characin (Teleostei: Rhoadsia)
FIG. 4. Haplotype network for the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b (Cyt-b, top) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI, bottom) color coded by site. The size of the circles is proportional to the haplotype frequency. The number of mutations between the haplotypes are represented by hatch marks. The populations within drainages are represented by different color shades (see legend). Haplotypes fall into two groups: the northern (N, enclosed by blue dashed line) and the southern group (S, enclosed by red dashed line).
Figure 6 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 6. Hypothetical radiation schemes for Uromastyx and possibly relevant geological events. Approximate distribution range for each taxon (Wilms, 2001) is shown with its abbreviated name: Hard (Uromastyx hardwickii), Aca (U. acanthinura), Mali (U. d. maliensis), Gey (U. geyri), Dis (U. d. dispar), Oce (U. ocellata), Mac (U. macfadyeni), Aeg (U. a. aegyptia), Mic (U. a. microlepis), Orn (U. ornata) and Ben (U. benti).
Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 5. Neighbour-joining tree constructed based on maximum likelihood distances from 1503 alignable nucleotide sites (the HKY model and transition/transversion ratio of 3.48). The tree was rooted with Chamaeleo africanus as an outgroup. Bootstrap probabilities are shown for neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses (from left to right). Underlined values mean that the branch was not reconstructed in the best tree topology by the corresponding analyses. Note that two distinct sequence haplotypes are included for Uromastyx acanthinura and U. ocellata. See Material and methods for more details on the analytical conditions. The nucleotide sequences taken from the database are: Chamaeleo africanus (accession No., AF448743), Chlamydosaurus kingii (AF128469), Physignathus lesueurii (AF128463), Acanthosoura capra (AF128498), Salea horsfieldii (AF128490), Trapelus savignii (AF128512), Leiolepis guentherpetersi (AF128461), Leiolepis belliana (U82689), Laudakia caucasia (AF028681) and Laudakia lehmanni (AF028677).
Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 4. Secondary structures of the inserted sequences found between tRNAGln and tRNAIle genes. The 128 bp insert for Uromastyx ornata can assume alternative secondary structures either with an extremely stable and long stem region (A) or with a clover-leaf structure for the second tRNAGln gene (or pseudogene) and a stable stem-and-loop structure (B). The 59 bp inserted for U. ocellata may also assume a somewhat less stable stem-and-loop structure (C). Heavy-strand sequences are shown and numbers refer to the corresponding positions in their light-strand sequences shown in Fig. 3A. Bars in stems represent Watson–Crick base pairs and dots stand for wobble G–U pairs for RNA.
Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 2. Evolution of mitochondrial gene organization in Uromastyx. A, typical vertebrate organization plesiomorphic to lizards. B, typical organization for acrodont lizards including Leiolepis and likely the direct common ancestor of Leiolepis and Uromastyx. C, typical Uromastyx organization in which the putative origin of light-strand replication (black box) disappeared from the WANCY tRNA gene cluster. D, organization for U. ornata and likely for the direct common ancestor of U. ornata and U. ocellata, which has an insertion containing a stem-and-loop structure (hatched box) and the second tRNAGln gene or pseudogene (Q*). E, organization for U. ocellata in which Q* disappeared. See Figs 3 and 4 for sequences and secondary structures of the inserted region in U. ornata and U. ocellata.
Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 3. Nucleotide sequences of the inserted region between the tRNA Gln and tRNAIle genes. A, alignment between the 128 bp insertion in Uromastyx ornata and the 59 bp insertion in U. ocellata (65% identity). B, alignment between the original tRNAGln gene and its second copy within the inserted region for U. ornata (49% identity). Light-strand and heavystrand sequences are shown for A and B, respectively. Dots indicate identity with the first sequence and dashes denote a gap.
Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 1. Position of primers used for amplification and/or sequencing. See Table 1 for the primer sequences; numbers of primers correspond to those in Table 1.
Figure 3. The BEAST tree for the reduced dataset using the mean rates and SDs for the individual mitochondrial genes from table 4 in Phylogeny of the microcormorants, with the description of a new genus
Figure 3. The BEAST tree for the reduced dataset using the mean rates and SDs for the individual mitochondrial genes from table 4 in the paper by Pacheco et al. (2011) (scale in Mya). The two African species of microcormorants are labelled as Aflocarbo.
Testing of NBIA Genes: Analysis of Genetic Heterogeneity and Validation of Mitochondrial Markers for Assessing Causality of Sequence Variants.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05615571. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Case Control Study to Identify the Role of Epigenetic Regulation of Genes Responsible for Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in the Obesity Paradox in Cardiac Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02908009. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Molecular systematics of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae): contribution of maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes
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