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APPENDIX 3 in Molecular data reveal the presence of three Plocamium Lamouroux species with complex patterns of distribution in Southern Chile

APPENDIX 3. — Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) results and distribution of pairwise distances for the marker 5P-COI. A, ABGD results showing the number of groups (primary partitions) obtained for a range of prior maximum divergence of intraspecific diversity; B, bar chart showing the proportion of pairwise comparisons of 5P-COI gene at each range of sequence divergence (K2P distance). Intraspecific divergences are represented in grey bars and divergences belonging to different species are represented in yellow bars.

APPENDIX 4. — Ultrametric Bayesian tree reconstructed with the 5P in Molecular data reveal the presence of three Plocamium Lamouroux species with complex patterns of distribution in Southern Chile

APPENDIX 4. — Ultrametric Bayesian tree reconstructed with the 5P-COI marker. The dotted vertical red line indicates the maximum likelihood transition point of the switch in branching rates, as estimated by a General Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) model. The GMYC analysis was performed using a single threshold. Haplotype code as in Appendix 5.

APPENDIX 1 in Molecular data reveal the presence of three Plocamium Lamouroux species with complex patterns of distribution in Southern Chile

APPENDIX 1. — Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram of the genus Plocamium Lamouroux based on rbcL sequences. ML bootstrap (BS)/Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values are shown above or close to each branch and only values superior to 75 and 0.75, respectively, are given. Colors correspond to oceans where individuals sequenced where sampled. Outgroup corresponds to Sarcodia ciliata Zanardini (GenBank accession: KM360040).

FIG. 3. — A in Molecular data reveal the presence of three Plocamium Lamouroux species with complex patterns of distribution in Southern Chile

FIG. 3. — A, ML tree (left) and Neighbour joining (NJ) network (right) inferred from 5P-COI sequences dataset of Plocamium specimens from the present study. In the tree, numbers above the branches are support values as inferred from ML analysis, only values superior to 75 are given. In the NJ networks, haplotypes are represented by open circles with size proportional to frequency within each genetic species (see upper left corner for correspondence between number of sequences and circle size). For haplotypes separated by more than one mutational step, black bars indicate the additional number of steps; B, Plocamium Lamouroux species distribution; the number (N) of individuals sequenced is indicated for each sampling locality. Code for each locality as in Table 1; haplotype code as in Appendix 5. Dashed line represents the biogeographic transition zone located at 42°S.

FIG. 1 in Molecular data reveal the presence of three Plocamium Lamouroux species with complex patterns of distribution in Southern Chile

FIG. 1. — Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram of the genus Plocamium Lamouroux based on 5P-COI sequences. ML bootstrap (BS)/Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values are shown above each branch and only values superior to 75 and 0.75, respectively, are given. Colors correspond to oceans where individuals sequenced where sampled. Species names, as reported in GenBank, are given on the right. Outgroup corresponds to Asparagopsis armata Harvey (GenBank accession: KJ960344).

FIGURE 4 in One step closer but still far from solving the puzzle - The phylogeny of marine associated mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ameronothroidea) inferred from morphological and molecular genetic data

FIGURE 4 Bayesian inference topology based on 66 morphological traits of 102 oribatid mite species. Posterior probability values are shown near nodes. Photographs of selected species are given to provide an insight into the basic morphology of each larger group. *Photograph shows Tegeocranellus knysnaensis, this species was not used for the analyses but is given here to visualize the typical habitus of Tegeocranellus species.

FIGURE 3 in One step closer but still far from solving the puzzle - The phylogeny of marine associated mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ameronothroidea) inferred from morphological and molecular genetic data

FIGURE 3 One of 14 most parsimonious trees based on 66 characters or character states of 98 ameronothroid and four terrestrial oribatid mite species. Bootstrap values are shown near nodes. Colours refer to different families and are the same as in preceding figures.

FIGURE 1 in One step closer but still far from solving the puzzle - The phylogeny of marine associated mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ameronothroidea) inferred from morphological and molecular genetic data

FIGURE 1 Bayesian inference tree of marine associated Ameronothroidea and terrestrial outgroups based on 18S sequences. Posterior probabilities>0.9 are shown near nodes; abbreviations: PRT – Portugal, DE – Germany, DR – Dominican Republic, JP – Japan, TW – Taiwan, MY – Malaysia; families are given in different colours. Photographs of selected species are given to provide an insight into the basic habitus of each larger group.

FIGURE 2 in One step closer but still far from solving the puzzle - The phylogeny of marine associated mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ameronothroidea) inferred from morphological and molecular genetic data

FIGURE 2 Bayesian topology based on the combined data set of coi, D3 and 18S sequences. Posterior probabilities>0.9 are shown near nodes; abbreviations: PRT – Portugal, DE – Germany, DR – Dominican Republic, TW – Taiwan.

Fig. 6 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 6 Comparison of the duty cycle in the songs of the T. armeniaca complex and T. caudata (left panel) and the Tettigonia viridissima group (right panel)

Fig. 2 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 2 Oscillograms of the song of the Tettigonia viridissima group (1–9) and T. cantans (10) recorded at two speeds: 1 T. cf. longealata (MO: Ajabo, T = 20 °C), 2 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: N Fes, T = 20 °C), 3 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Bouchfaa W of Taza, T = 21 °C), 4 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Tilougguite Pass, T = 23 °C), 5 T. cf. vaucheriana and cf. longealata (MO: El Kebab, T = 25 °C), 6 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: El Kebab, T = 28–30 °C), 7 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 22 °C), 8 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 25 °C), 9 T. viridissima (BG: Sofia, T = 27 °C), and 10 T. cantans (IT: Val Malene; from Massa et al. 2012, T = 15 °C)). Scale bar for A is 10 s and for B 2 s

Fig. 5 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 5 Appearance of some taxa of Western Palaearctic Tettigonia (relative size proportions between photos not retained). a T. cantans, male, Germany, Gunzenhausen; b T. cantans, female, Germany, Gunzenhausen; c T. uvarovi Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, Siberia (NHMW), lateral view; d same, dorsal view; e T. caudata, male, Bulgaria, Russe district, Byala; f T. acutipennis Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, "Kleinasien 1914 | Marasch, Tölg. | coll. R. Ebner" (NHMW), dorsal view; g same, lateral view; h T. armeniaca, male, Armenia, Djermuk; i T. armeniaca, male, Turkey, Ispir; j T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, male, Morocco, El Kebab; k T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, female, Morocco, El Kebab; l T. viridissima morphotype of vaucheriana, male, Morocco, El Kebab; and m T. viridissima, male and female in copula, Bulgaria, Haskovo district, Kostilkovo village

Fig. 4 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree of the genus Tettigonia based on BI analysis of concatenated COI-ITS1-ITS2 sequences. BI posterior probability (PP) values are shown near resolved branches (only support values above 0.50). Species groups, as defined by genetic and morpho-acoustic data, are distinctly shaded, and the respective branches are marked with an open circle and a capital letter as follows: "A"—T. viridissima group, "B"—T. caudata group, and "C"—T. cantans group. Haplotype codes correspond to Table 1 in the Supplement, followed by morphological identification. Squares on the right side of names correspond to relative wing length: filled squares short wings and open squares long wings;

Fig. 7 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 7 Relationship between the duration of chirps and inter-chirp intervals in T. caudata and the Tettigonia armeniaca complex. Green triangles mark recordings from Ispir, Turkey, where monosyllabic, disyllabic, and polysyllabic songs of T. armeniaca were recorded, as well as a song of T. caudata (Color figure online)

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Fig. 3. Phylogenetic trees from reported 18S in Molecular systematics analysis of Lymantria dispar based on 18S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic trees from reported 18S rRNA genes of insects according to NJ. A. Based on sequences of full-length. B. Based on second conserved region.

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Fig. 4 in Molecular systematics analysis of Lymantria dispar based on 18S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic trees based on partial sequences from reported cox1 genes of insects according to NJ.

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Fig.1 in Molecular systematics analysis of Lymantria dispar based on 18S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data

Fig.1. PCR result of 18S rRNA of Lymantria dispar. Separated bands (from left to right). 18S1, 18S2, 18S rRNA, DL2000 marker.

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Fig. 7 in Heterophyid trematodes (Digenea) from penguins: A new species of Ascocotyle Looss, 1899, first description of metacercaria of Ascocotyle (A.) patagoniensis Hernández-Orts, Montero, Crespo, García, Raga and Aznar, 2012, and first molecular data

Fig. 7. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogram based on the partial (D1–D3 domains) sequences of 28S rDNA for the Opisthorchioidea. Posterior probability values are given above the branches. Support values with <0.95 posterior probability are omitted. The branch length scale-bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly-generated sequences are highlighted in bold. Species of Ascocotyle are indicated in blue and the respective clade is demarcated with yellow rectangular. Doted rectangular outline the members of the family Heterophyidae. Outgroup taxa are represented in grey colour. The respective definitive hosts are symbol indicated on the tree. Abbreviations: Ad, Adult; MTC, metacercaria. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 5 in Heterophyid trematodes (Digenea) from penguins: A new species of Ascocotyle Looss, 1899, first description of metacercaria of Ascocotyle (A.) patagoniensis Hernández-Orts, Montero, Crespo, García, Raga and Aznar, 2012, and first molecular data

Fig. 5. Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) patagoniensis Hernández-Orts, Montero, Crespo, García, Raga and Aznar, 2012'. Adults from the intestine of Spheniscus magellanicus (A and B) and metacercariae from the heart of Odontesthes argentinensis, Patagonia, Argentina. (C–E). (A) Total, ventral view, voucher (MLP-He 7503). (B) Anterior end with circumoral spines, voucher (IPCAS D-786). (C) Total, ventral view. (D) Middle part of body with ventrogenital complex, ventral view. (E) Anterior end with circumoral spines.