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Fig. 15. Karyotype from a in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 15. Karyotype from a male (AMNH 225041) Bunomys karokophilus, n. sp.: 2N 5 42; FNa 5 56, FNt 5 60. The presumptive sex chromosomes are submetacentrics, which contrasts with the acrocentrics characterizing the other three species, and six pairs of metacentrics are present instead of seven (figs. 13, 14). Additional information is provided in table 12 and the text.

Fig. 16 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 16. The cranium and left dentary of Bunomys chrysocomus (AMNH 256886), an adult male from Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, 3 km northeast of Toraut Danmi, 250 m, northeastern segment of the northern peninsula. ×2.

Fig. 3 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 3. The northern portion of Sulawesi's core showing the two regions where I worked: the Sungai Miu–Danau Lindu (left dashed square) and Malakosa (right dashed square) areas. Three of H.C. Raven's collection sites are also indicated on the map: Gunung Lehio, southwest of Kulawi; Pinedapa, west of Mapane; and Rano Rano, in the mountains west of Pinedapa. Enlargements of the Danau Lindu and Malakosa areas are shown in figures 4 and 5, respectively.

Fig. 22 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 22. Collection localities for samples of Bunomys chrysocomus, B. coelestis, B. prolatus, and B. torajae, n. sp. Numbers key to localities described in the gazetteer. The inset map (small rectangle above and in full on opposite page) contains collection localities (7–33) for B. chrysocomus only, and are scattered along my transect line from the Sungai Oha Kecil to Gunung Kanino. Dashed contour line at 1300 m marks the approximate boundary between tropical lowland evergreen and lower montane rain forests.

Fig. 8 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 8. Lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) cranial views of Bunomys chrysocomus (AMNH 224124) identifying osseous and foraminal landmarks discussed in the text. Abbreviations: af, anterior alar fissure; al, alisphenoid; bo, basioccipital; bp, bony palate; bs, basisphenoid; eb, ectotmpanic (auditory) bulla; eo, exoccipital; et, very short bony eustachian tube; fo, foramen ovale; hp, hamular process; if, one of the paired incisive foramina; ig, groove for the infraorbital branch of the stapedial artery; la, lacrimal; lr, lamboidal ridge; ms, mastoid portion of the petromastoid; mf, mesopterygoid fossa; mlf, middle lacerate foramen; mx, maxillary; nc, nasolacrimal capsule; nf, nasolacrimal foramen; nt, nasal tips overhang the projecting premaxillaries to form a short tube anterior to the incisor faces; oc, occipital condyle; pa, parietal; pc, posterior opening of the alisphenoid canal (the infraorbital branch of the stapedial artery enters the braincase—where the arrow points—dorsal to the pterygoid plate); pf, pterygoid fossa, the site of muscle attachment on the pterygoid plate; pgf, postglenoid foramen; pp, pterygoid plate; ppf, left posterior palatine foramen; ppx, projection of the premaxillary beyond anterior faces of the upper incisors; pr, pterygoid ridge; ps, presphenoid; pt, periotic; px, premaxillary; spv, one of the paired sphenopalatine vacuities; sq, squamosal; sv, spenopterygoid foramen; vmr, ventral maxillary root of the zygomatic arch; vpa, ventral extension of the parietal to form the braincase wall above the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch; vpf, ventral postalar fissure, which is confluent dorsally with the postglenoid foramen, and ventrally with the middle lacerate foramen; zn, zygomatic notch; zp, zygomatic plate.

Fig. 44 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 44. Specimen scores representing samples of Bunomys torajae (empty squares) and B. prolatus (asterisks) projected onto first and second principal components extracted from principal-components analysis. Upper graph: derived from log-transformed values for lengths of head and body, tail, hind foot, and ear (N 5 3 B. torajae, 6 B. prolatus). Lower graph: based on log-transformed values for 14 cranial and 2 dental variables (N 5 3 B. torajae, 8 B. prolatus). See table 34 for correlations (loadings) of variables with extracted components and for percent variance explained for both scatter plots.

Fig. 32 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 32. Lower montane rain forest on Gunung Kanino, 1556 m, 1973. During different nights, Bunomys chrysocomus, B. penitus, and Rattus hoffmanni were trapped in a damp runway beneath the large decomposing and moss-covered chestnut trunk shown here. This is the highest spot where I encountered B. chrysocomus, which proved to be rare in this lower montane habitat as compared with the higher concentrations at lower elevations in tropical lowland evergreen rain forest (see fig. 103). Bunomys penitus, which extends down to the lower limit of lower montane rain forest at 1285 m, was common in the forest here and the only species of Bunomys found at elevations above 1556 m and all the way to the summit of Gunung Nokilalaki (see fig. 103). Paruromys dominator was frequently encountered in the forest surrounding the decaying trunk, Maxomys musschenbroekii and Rattus facetus were trapped nearby. Prosciurillus topapuensis and P. murinus were the squirrels usually seen, but the large reddish Rubrisciurus rubriventer was rarely encountered.

Fig. 36 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 36. Views of right front foot in three species of Bunomys showing relative lengths of claws in adults. Upper: B. prolatus (MZB 12187, Gunung Tambusisi), longest claw 5 6.5 mm. Middle: B. coelestis (AMNH 101141, Gunung Lompobatang), longest claw 5 5.1 mm. Lower: B. chrysocomus (AMNH 265077, Gunung Tambusisi), longest claw 5 3.2 mm. Claw length in B. torajae, n. sp., is similar to that of B. chrysocomus.

Fig. 41 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 41. Occlusal views of right maxillary (left image; CLM1–3 5 6.5 mm) and mandibular (right image; clm1–3 5 6.7 mm) molar rows of Bunomys torajae, n. sp. (MZB 34733).

Fig. 35 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 35. Specimen scores representing Bunomys chrysocomus from Sungai Sadaunta (filled triangles; N 5 20), B. andrewsi from Lombasang (empty circles; N 5 18), two subfossils from Ulu Leang I, and one subfossil from Batu Ejaya II projected onto first and second principal components extracted from principal-components analysis of four dental log-transformed variables. Upper graph: AMNH 266975 is the subfossil (asterisk) from Ulu Leang I. Lower graph: AMNH 269954 is the other subfossil (cross) from Ulu Leang I. The subfossil from Batu Ejaya II (AMNH 265013) is represented in both scatter plots (hollow stars). Scores symbolizing the two subfossils from Ulu Leang I fall within the group of scores signifying B. chrysocomus and not B.andrewsi; the score for the subfossil from Batu Ejaya II is closely associated with the aggregation denoting B. andrewsi. See table 30 for correlations (loadings) of variables with extracted components and for percent variance explained.

Fig. 39 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 39. Lateral views of the cranium and dentary from the same specimens presented in figures 37 and 38. Upper pair, left to right: B. chrysocomus and B. coelestis. Lower pair, left to right: B. prolatus and B. torajae, n. sp. ×2.

Fig. 37 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 37. Dorsal views of adult skulls from four species of Bunomys. Upper pair, left to right: B. chrysocomus (AMNH 224719, Sungai Sadaunta) and B. coelestis (AMNH 101132, Gunung Lompobatang). Lower pair, left to right: B. prolatus (MZB 12190, holotype, Gunung Tambusisi) and B. torajae, n. sp. (MZB 34730, holotype). ×2.

Fig. 1 in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species

Fig. 1. The island of Sulawesi showing its four peninsulas and core or central region. Highlighted are four mountainous regions that support suites of endemic mammals discussed here. Boundaries separating other relevant areas of endemism are indicated by dashed lines: SM-D 5 lowland reaches of the Sungai Onggak Mongondaw and Sungai Onggak Dumoga; SB-DL 5 lowlands of the Sungai Bone and Danau Limboto; TD 5 Tempe Depression.

Fig. 22 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 22. Mandible from the holotype of Leptomys arfakensis (BMNH 29.5.27.23), showing first and second molars and absence of the third.

Fig. 18 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 18. Forested stream valley and ridges near Bog Camp in the Foja Mountains of western New Guinea, about 1200 m. Photographed by Bruce Beehler.

Fig. 19 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 19. Leptomys paulus in life, from the vicinity of Agaun, Maneau Range (see fig. 3 and gazetteer). Photographed by P.A. Woolley and D.A. Walsh, and originally published as L. ernstmayri in Flannery (1995: 242).

Fig. 17 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 17. Morphometric contrast (discriminant-function analysis performed on cranial and dental variables) among geographic samples of Leptomys ernstmayri showing projection of specimen scores on the first and second canonical variates extracted. See table 9. Key to geographic samples: Adelbert Range, hollow circles; Central Cordillera, solid circles; and Huon Peninsula, half-solid circles. Arrow identifies score for single L. ernstmayri from the Foja Mountains, which was entered as an unknown in the analysis.

Fig. 14 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 14. Morphometric contrast (discriminant-function analysis performed on cranial and dental variables) among Leptomys with larger body size—L. elegans, L. signatus, and L. arfakensis—showing projection of specimen scores on the first and third canonical variates extracted. See table 7. Species key: L. arfakensis, black stars; L. elegans from the Papuan Peninsula, hollow squares, and from the Kikori River Basin, solid squares; L. signatus, diamonds.

Fig. 13 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 13. Morphometric contrast (discriminant-function analysis performed on cranial and dental variables) among Leptomys with larger body size—L. elegans, L. signatus, and L. arfakensis—showing projection of specimen scores on the first and second canonical variates extracted. See table 7. Species key: L. arfakensis, black stars; L. elegans from the Papuan Peninsula, hollow squares, and from the Kikori River Basin, solid squares; L. signatus, diamonds.

Fig. 15 in Systematic Review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with Descriptions of Two New Species

Fig. 15. Leptomys sp. cf. signatus in life, a young male trapped on the Darai Plateau, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea (see fig. 2 and gazetteer). Photographed by Tanya Leary.