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Fig. 2. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 in Recurrent constructional pattern of the crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Paleogene and Neogene of Spain

Fig. 2. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 from the Eocene Vilomara outcrop in the Ebro Basin, Spain. A. System displaying the characteristic sinuous tunnels and Y-shaped branching. Upper part of the burrow is concave as only spreiten are preserved and the final passive infill of the tunnel is lacking. B. Two intersecting burrows. The one on the lower part of the picture displays a typical H-shaped geometry. C. Sinuous tunnel showing retrusive spreiten. Field photographs.

Fig. 14 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 14. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costata (Riedel, 1959). MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, R19/4; Zone RN5. B. Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta Moore, 1971. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, Q40/3; Zone RN4. C. Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, V46/3; Zone RN4. D. Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1992. MPC−3299; 845A−11HCC, K47/4; Zone RN7. E. Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa Moore, 1972. MPC−4852; 1241A−30H−07, 62–64 cm, R51/4; Zone RN7. F. Liriospyris reticulata (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3337; 1241A−3H−04, 75–77 cm, Q49/3; Zone RN14. G. Dendrospyris bursa Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1973. MPC−3325; 845A−27XCC, N27/0; Zone RN4. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 13 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 13. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Lophocyrtis (Cyclampterium) leptetrum (Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1970). MPC−3322; 845A−24XCC, R43/3; Zone RN5. B. Lophocyrtis (Cyclampterium) neatum (Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1970). MPC−4847; 1241A−29H−03, 62–64 cm, O14/0; Zone RN7. C. Lophocyrtis (Cyclampterium) tanythorax (Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1970). MPC−4854; 1241A−31H−03, 62–64 cm, L40/0; Zone RN7. D. Lophocyrtis (Cyclampterium) brachythorax (Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1970). MPC−4870; 1241A−36X−03, 62–64 cm, S32/3; Zone RN6. E. Nephrospyris renilla Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3337; 1241A−3H−04, 75–77 cm, T37/0; Zone RN14. F. Dorcadospyris alata (Riedel, 1959). MPC−3322; 845A−24XCC, R45/0; Zone RN5. G. Dorcadospyris dentata Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, G39/0; Zone RN4. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 12 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 12. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Lychnodictyum audax Riedel, 1953. MPC−3388; 1241A−21H−04, 62–64 cm, W15/1; Zone RN9. B. Pterocanium prismatium Riedel, 1957. MPC−3280; 845A−4HCC, R47/0; Zone RN13. C. Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg, 1854. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, U31/4; Zone RN15. D. Valkyria pukapuka O'Connor, 1997. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, O20/0; Zone RN4. E. Liriospyris parkerae Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, R39/0; Zone RN5. F. Dictyophimus splendens (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4835; 1241A−23H−03, 62–64 cm, K40/2; Zone RN9. G. Pterocanium korotnevi (Dogiel, 1952). MPC−3386; 1241A−20H−05, 62–64 cm, G24/0; Zone RN9. H. Acrocubus octopylus Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, R39/4; Zone RN4. I. Tholospyris anthopora (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, P53/3; Zone RN4. J. Lithomelissa sp. B. MPC−3318; 845A−20HCC, P23/3; Zone RN5. K. Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg, 1861. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, P28/2; Zone RN15. L. Tholospyris kantiana (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, X28/4; Zone RN5. M. Pterocanium sp. TX. MPC−3319; 845A−21HCC, X47/0; Zone RN5. N. Pterocanium praetextum praetextum (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3357; 1241A−9H−05, 62–64 cm, E51/0; Zone RN11. O. Pterocanium praetextum eucolpum Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3338; 1241A−3H−05, 75–77 cm, R22/2; Zone RN14. P. Giraffospyris toxaria (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, R27/2; Zone RN4. Q. Acrobotrys tritubus Riedel, 1957. MPC−3299; 845A−11HCC, H48/2; Zone RN7. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 11 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 11. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Anthocyrtidium jenghisi Streeter, 1988. MPC−3358; 1241A−10H−03, 62–64 cm, H56/0; Zone RN11. B. Anthocyrtidium ophirense (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, M52/4; Zone RN15. C. Anthocyrtidium angulare Nigrini, 1971. MPC−3345; 1241A−4H−06, 75–77 cm, J45/0; Zone RN13. D. Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi (Stöhr, 1880). MPC−3372; 1241A−15H−03, 62–65 cm, G21/0; Zone RN9. E. Lamprocyrtis nigriniae (Caulet, 1971). MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, Q17/2; Zone RN15. F. Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Kling, 1973. MPC−3345; 1241A−4H−06, 75–77 cm, G26/0; Zone RN13. G. Lamprocyrtis heteroporos (Hays, 1965). MPC−3349; 1241A−6H−04, 77–79 cm, W35/3; Zone RN12. H. Anthocyrtidium zanguebaricum (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3361; 1241A−11H−04, 62–64 cm, O20/2; Zone RN10. I. Anthocyrtidium pliocenica (Seguenza, 1880). MPC−3371; 1241A−14H−05, 62–64 cm, A14/3; Zone RN9. J. Lamprocyclas maritalis polypora Nigrini, 1967. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, G53/2; Zone RN15. K. Theocorythium trachelium trachelium (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3332; L Ą 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, L19/0; Zone RN16.. Theocorythium trachelium dianae (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3338; 1241A−3H−05, 75–77 cm, P26/0; Zone RN14.

Fig. 8 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 8. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Spongaster berminghami (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4845; 1241A−28H−03, 62–64 cm, T51/2; Zone RN7. B. Spongaster pentas Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970. MPC−3363; 1241A−12H−03, 62–64 cm, W33/0; Zone RN9. C. Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg, 1860. MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, Q52/3; Zone RN16. D. Larcospira quadrangula Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3357; 1241A−9H−05, 62–64 cm, E51/0; Zone RN11. E. Larcospira moschkovskii Kruglikova, 1978. MPC−4847; 1241A−29H−03, 62–64 cm, G47/0; Zone RN7. F. Dictyocoryne ontongensis Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−3303; 845A−13HCC, X31/2; Zone RN6. G. Amphirhopalum ypsilon Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, T45/0; Zone RN16. H. Spongodiscus klingi Caulet, 1986. MPC−3336; 1241A−3H−03, 77–79 cm, X26/1; Zone RN14. I. Collosphaera brattstroemi Bjørklund and Goll, 1979. MPC−3317; 845A−20HCC, K51/1; Zone RN5. J. Trisolenia megalactis megalactis Ehrenberg, 1872. MPC−3317; 845A−20HCC, Q53/0; Zone RN5. K. Trisolenia megalactis costlowi Bjørklund and Goll, 1979. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, G37/4; Zone RN5. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 9 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 9. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Didymocyrtis prismatica (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, J23/2; Zone RN4. B. Didymocyrtis tubaria (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, P23/0; Zone RN4. C. Didymocyrtis violina (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3330; 845A−31X−03, 0–2 cm, K36/0; Zone RN4. D. Didymocyrtis mammifera (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3320; 845A−22HCC, S46/3; Zone RN5. E. Didymocyrtis laticonus (Riedel, 1959). MPC−4855; 1241A−31H−05, 62–64 cm, R49/2; Zone RN6. F. Didymocyrtis antepenultima (Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970). MPC−4849; 1241A−30H−01, 62–64 cm, J26/3; Zone RN7. G. Didymocyrtis penultima (Riedel, 1957). MPC−3373; 1241A−15H−05, 62–64 cm, U31/0; Zone RN9. H. Didymocyrtis bassanii (Carnevale, 1908). MPC−3322; 845A−24XCC, S48/4; Zone RN5. I. Diartus hughesi (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4847; 1241A−29H−03, 62–64 cm, T25/1; Zone RN7. J. Diartus petterssoni (Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970). MPC−4863; 1241A−34H−01, 62–64 cm, R32/4; Zone RN6. K. Didymocyrtis avita (Riedel, 1953). MPC−3373; 1241A−15H−05, 62–64 cm, V51/0; Zone RN9. L. Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–76 cm, X43/0; Zone RN16. M. Periphaena decora Ehrenberg, 1873. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, S37/0; Zone RN4. N. Collosphaera tuberosa Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−02, 75–76 cm, K23/0; Zone RN16. O. Stylatractus universus Hays, 1970. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, U32/0; Zone RN15. P. Axoprunum stauraxonium Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−02, 75–77 cm, W25/0; Zone RN16. Q. Amphisphaera? sp. D. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, K18/4; Zone RN4. R. Lithelius klingi Kamikuri, 2009. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, W34/0; Zone RN5. S. Solenosphaera omnitubus procera Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1974. MPC−3383; 1241A−19H−05, 62–64 cm, U51/3; Zone RN9. T. Solenosphaera omnitubus omnitubus Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−4834; 1241A−22H−05, 62–64 cm, F36/0; Zone RN9. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 3 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 3. Age−depth plot of Sites 845 and 1241. Geomagnetic polarity time scale is after Ogg and Smith (2004). The symbols "N1" to "N24", "F1" and "F2" for the control correspond to those in Tables 1 and 2.

Fig. 7 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 7. Comparison of the appearance and extinction rates of radiolarians in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the last 17 Ma with a generalized benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope curve and tectonic events. The isotope curve is after Mix et al. (1995) for the interval between 0 and 2.5 Ma and after Kennett (1986) for the interval between 2.5 and 17 Ma. The isotope curve has been updated to the ATNTS 2004 (Ogg and Smith, 2004) through paleomagnetic correlation provided by Barton and Bloemendal (1986). The isotope events are after Miller et al. (1991) and Barron and Baldauf (1990).

Fig. 2 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241

Fig. 2. Modern surface water circulation and location of ODP Sites 845 and 1241 used to determine stratigraphic ranges of radiolarian species in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. NEC, North Equatorial Current; ECC, Equatorial Countercurrent; SEC, South Equatorial Current.

Fig. 3 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 3. Composite Phymatoderma burrows from the Shiramazu Formation, Hiraiso section, Chiba Prefecture, central Japan. A, B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. Phymatoderma tunnels with dark gray-colored scoriaceous infill reworked by white-colored Chondrites (arrows). C, D. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. Even within the pelletal infill of Phymatoderma, cores (white arrows) and surrounding mantles (black arrows) of Phycosiphon are sometimes clearly recognized (C). Field photos; A, B, parallel to the bedding plane; C, obliquely cut vertical cross-sectional view; D, vertical cross-sectional view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing the measured parameters. DCh, burrow diameter of Chondrites; DPc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; DPm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PWmax, maximum pellet width; X and Y are the numbers of measured specimens, X ranges from 4–10, Y from 2–37.

Fig. 6 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 6. Scatter plots showing the relationships between Phymatoderma burrow diameter and its maximum pellet width (black plot) and reworking trace-fossil diameter. A. Chondrites. B. Phycosiphon. Note that diameters of both ichnogenera that reworked Phymatoderma tunnels are within the size-range of them occurring in the host siltstone (shade), although pellet width increases with increasing Phymatoderma burrow diameter. D Ch, burrow diameter of Chondrites; D Pc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; D Pm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PW max, maximum pellet width; n, number of measured burrows.

Fig. 5 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 5. Size distributions of Phymatoderma from the Shiramazu Formation. A. Non-reworked Phymatoderma. B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. C. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. D. Comparison of burrow diameter between non-reworked Phymatoderma, and tunnels reworked by Chondrites and Phycosiphon. Note that Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon has significantly larger size. n, number of measured burrows.

FIGURE 8. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 8. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Bolivina sp. A, 1H-CC, lateral view. 2. Brizalina pacifica, 3H-CC, lateral view. 3. Brizalina panayensis, 3H-CC, lateral view. 4. Takatanagia cf. Takayanagia cushmani, 1H-CC, lateral view showing the apertural plate. 5. Rutherfordoides tenuis, 16H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 6. Islandiella helenae, 13H-3, 146– 148 cm, lateral view. 7. Eubuliminella exilis, 1H-CC, lateral view. 8. Eubuliminella cf. Eubuliminella exilis, 3H-CC, lateral view. 9. Fursenkoina complanata, 3H-CC, lateral view. 10. Globobulimina cf. Globobulimina spinescens, 61X-5, 115–117 cm, lateral view. 11. Uvigerina proboscidea, 59X-3, 145–147 cm, lateral view. 12. Uvigerina senticosa, 8H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 13. Rutherfordoides erectus, 1H-CC, lateral view. 14. Siphonodosaria? sp. A, 36H-5, 148– 150 cm, lateral view. 15. Siphonodosaria? sp. B, 13H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 16. Stilostomella fistuca, 36H-CC, lateral view. 17. Laticarinina pauperata, 61X-CC, lateral view. 18. Nonionella digitata, 3H-CC, lateral view. 19. Nonionellina labradorica, 3H-CC, lateral view. 20. Nonionellina cf. Nonionellina labradorica, 3H-CC, lateral view. 21. Elphidium batialis, 3H-CC, lateral view. 22. Lotostomoides calomorphum, lateral view. 23. Neugeborina longiscata, 16H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 24. Laevidentalina californica, 26H-CC, lateral view. 25. Laevidentalina sp. A, 36H-5, 148– 150 cm, lateral view. 26. Mucronina sp. A, 61X-CC, lateral view. 27. Astacolus sp., 22H-CC, lateral view. 28. Procerolagena gracillima, 16H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 29. Lagena hispidula, 13H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 30. Lagena striata, 8H-3, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 31. Oolina squamosa, 9H-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 32. Parafissurina caledoniana, 8H-CC, lateral view.

FIGURE 3. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 3. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Pyrgo murrhina, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 2. Pyrgo sp. A, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 3. Triloculina cf. Triloculina trihedra, 9H-5, 146– 148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 4. Bolivina seminuda, 3H-CC, lateral view. 5. Bolivina sp. A, 36H-CC; a. lateral view; b. edge view showing the asymmetrically positioned aperture. 6. Brizalina pacifica, 11H-5, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. edge view. 7. Brizalina panayensis, 1H-CC; a. lateral view; b. edge view. 8. Bolivinita quadrilatera, 61X-5, 115–117 cm; a. lateral view; b. edge view showing the asymmetrically positioned aperture. 9. Takayanagia cf. Takayanagia cushmani, 1H-CC; a. ventral view showing the tooth plate; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 10. Rutherfordoides tenuis, 10H-3, 146–148 cm; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view. 11. Globocassidulina neomargareta, 9H-5, 146– 148 cm; a. ventral view; b. apertural view showing the tooth plate; c. dorsal view; d. edge view. 12. Globocassidulina subglobosa, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 13. Islandiella helenae, 12H-3, 146– 148 cm; a. ventral view; b. ventral view in immersion; c. dorsal view; d. edge view. 14. Globocassidulina sp. A, 3HCC; a. ventral side, b. dorsal side, c. edge view.

FIGURE 7. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 7. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Quadrimorphina laevigata, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 2. Oridorsalis umbonatus, 3H-CC; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 3. Gyroidina? sp. A, 36H-5, 148–150 cm; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 4. Gyroidina? sp. A, 36H-CC; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 5. Hansenisca sp. A, 9H-3, 146–148 cm; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view showing a basal slit aperture. 6. Hansenisca sp. A, 16H-3, 146–148 cm; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view showing a low arch aperture. 7. Epelistoma sp. A, 63X-3, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 8. Lenticulina sp. A, 26H-5, 147– 149 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 9. Lenticulina sp. B, 62X-5, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 10. Hemirobulina sp. A, 9H-5, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 11. Reussoolina apiculata, 28H-CC, lateral view. 12. Lagena cf. Lagena tagusensis, 12H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 13. Lagena striata, 10H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 14. Oolina squamosa, 10H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 15. Glandulina ovula, 36H-5, 148/150 cm, lateral view.

FIGURE 6. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 6. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Nonionellina labradorica, 3H-CC; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 2. Nonionellina cf. Nonionellina labradorica, 15H-5, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 3. Astrononion stellatum, 10H-CC; a. lateral fight view; b. lateral left view; c. edge view. 4. Melonis affinis, 1H-CC; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 5. Melonis affinis, 9H-5, 146–148 cm. 6. Melonis pompilioides, 1H-CC; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 7. Pullenia bulloides, 11H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. apertural view. 8. Pullenia bulloides, 12H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. apertural view. 9. Pullenia cf. Pullenia catalinaensis, 36H-CC; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 10. Pullenia cf. Pullenia catalinaensis, 9H-5, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 11. Pullenia elegans, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral right view; b. edge view. 12. Pullenia elegans, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 13. Pullenia salisburyi, 26H-5, 147–149 cm; a. lateral left view; b. edge view. 14. Chilostomella ovoidea, 2H-CC, a. ventral view; b. dorsal view. 15. Chilostomella cf. Chilostomella fimbriata, 10H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral right view; b. edge view.

FIGURE 5. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 5. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Valvulineria cf. Valvulineria sadonica, 4H-CC; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 2. juvenile form of Islandiella helenae?, 1H-CC; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 3. Alabaminella weddellensis, 13H-3, 146–148 cm; a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. edge view. 4. Cibicidoides mundulus, 18H- 3, 146–148 cm; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 5. Cibicidoides simplex, 1H-CC; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 6. Parrelloides healdi, 1H-CC; a. dorsal view; b. ventral side view; c. edge view showing the porelike aperture. 7. Parrelloides healdi, 25H-5, 146–148 cm; a. spiral view; b. umbilical view; c. edge view showing the pore-like aperture. 8. Epistominella pulchella, 4H-CC; a. spiral view; b. umbilical view; c. edge view showing the elongate arch aperture. 9. Laticarinina pauperata, 52H-CC. 10. Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, 10H-3, 146–148 cm; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 11. Nonionella digitata, 9H-5, 146–148 cm; a. dorsal view; b. edge view; c. ventral side.

FIGURE 4. All scale bars are 100 in Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323)

FIGURE 4. All scale bars are 100 µm. 1. Takayanagia delicata, 1H-CC; a. ventral view; b. dorsal view; c. edge view. 2. Eubuliminella exilis, 1H-CC, lateral view. 3. Eubuliminella cf. Eubuliminella exilis, 1H-CC, lateral view. 4. Fursenkoina complanata, 1H-CC, a. lateral view; b. edge view. 5. Bulimina rostratiformis, 8H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 6. Bulimina spicata, 62X-5, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 7. Globobulimina affinis, 8H-CC, lateral view. 8. Globobulimina auriculata, 25H-CC, lateral view. 9. Globobulimina barbata, 8H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 10. Globobulimina barbata, 52H-CC, lateral view. 11. Globobulimina cf. Globobulimina pacifica, 8H-CC, lateral view. 12. Globobulimina cf. Globobulimina spinenscens, 61X-5, 115–117 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 13. Globobulimina ovata, 18H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 14. Globobulimina ovata, 36H-5, 148–150 cm, lateral view. 15. Uvigerina peregrina, 1H-CC; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 16. Uvigerina peregrina, 3H-CC; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 17. Uvigerina proboscidea, 12H-3, 146–148 cm; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 18. Uvigerina proboscidea, 14H-CC, lateral view. 19. Uvigerina senticosa, 7H-CC, lateral view. 20. Uvigerina senticosa, 14H-CC; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 21. Uvigerina interruptacostata, 3H-CC; a. lateral view; b. apertural view. 22. Uvigerina interruptacostata, 8H-3, 146–148 cm, lateral view. 23. Rutherfordoides erectus, 1H-CC; a. lateral view view; b. edge view. 24. Siphonodosaria sp. A, 36H-5, 148–150 cm, lateral view.