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FIGURE 51. Fedora edwardsi Jullien, 1882. North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine Bank. A–D. SMNH-128030. A, C in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 51. Fedora edwardsi Jullien, 1882. North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine Bank. A–D. SMNH-128030. A, C. Lateral views of two colonies. B. Group of zooids with operculum, some also with an adventitious avicularium. D. Close-up of two zooids showing the orifice. E–G. SMNH-128029. E, G. Proximal view of two colonies with emanation point of zooidal rows. F. Closeup of the proximal end with?ancestrula. H, I. SMNH-127677. H. Proximal view of a colony with?ancestrula. I. Group of autozooids with adventitious avicularia. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, E = 400 µm; D, F = 200 µm; G, I = 300 µm; H = 500 µm.

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FIGURE 16. Heliodoma implicata Calvet, 1907. North Atlantic Ocean, Azores. A–D. SMNH-127828. A in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 16. Heliodoma implicata Calvet, 1907. North Atlantic Ocean, Azores. A–D. SMNH-127828. A. General view of a colony with frontal membranes, opercula and setae. B. Close-up of the ancestrula and first generation of autozooids, with closure plates, and vibracula budded in a spiral pattern. C. Close-up of autozooids and vibracula at the colony edge. D. Part of a colony showing autozooids with several intramural buds and others with closure plates. E–G. SMNH-128027. E. General view of the colony without membranes. F. Group of zooids, showing the granular cryptocyst with several concentric rims due to interzooidal budding and the pear-shaped opesiae, and vibracula. Autozooids in the inner ring with closure plates. G. Close-up of an autozooid, showing the semicircular operculum, and associate vibraculum at colony edge. Scale bars: A, D, E = 500 µm; B, C, F, G = 300 µm.

Fig. 13 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 13. Postlarval stages: Pharyngeal teeth of ring 2 (A–D), ring 3 (E–G) and tooth receptors. A-C show development of second-ring teeth in three specimens of different size, note different size of the central spine. Note also tooth receptors (arrows) on spines. D. Magnification of tooth receptors (arrows) and a small secondary spine (encircled). E, F. Third-ring tooth in two stages of different size with different intensity of back spines coverage. Arrowheads in E point at secondary spines, arrows in F at tooth receptors. G. Magnification of tooth receptors (arrows). H–N. Presence of tooth receptors (encircled or arrow) on different teeth from the adult (V13492), in ring 4 (H), 5 (I) and further. L. In the adult, posterior of toothring 6 the pharyngeal teeth become distinctly smaller. All images SEM, A from specimen 8-4 of V13493, B, D from V13484, C from V13477, E fromV13498, F from V134482, G from V13499, H-L from V13492.

Fig. 10 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 10. Postlarval stages: Anterior scalid region. A. Young specimen 6-1 of V13493. Scalids of the frontal ring (ring 0) are directed anteriorly. One smaller tooth (encircled) is not in line with the others. Arrows point at primary scalids. Note one longitudinal row of scalids following each ring 2 scalid (ring 2) and two rows following each primary scalid. B. Older specimen 9-4 of V13493 with ring 0 scalids, several smaller scalids anterior of this ring (encircled), primary scalids (ps), ring 2 scalids (ring 2) and scalid rows.

Fig. 9 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 9. Postlarval stages: caudal appendage. A. Many specimens have only one caudal appendage, the bud of the second (arrow) may be visible. B. The anus (an) is located between the two caudal appendages (ca). C. In short caudal appendages, an annulation is indicated. D. In some specimens, the caudal appendage is strongly annulated. E. Arranged in rings, vesicle buds with apical "spinulets" are present. F. The spinules end with one tube. G. In the adult, the stem of the caudal appendage is covered with vesicles. In places where these are broken off, their arrangement in rings becomes evident (arrows). Spinulets are present on the apex of the vesicles (circle). H, I. Magnification of the spinulets (encircled in H). J. In the adult, the apex contains 2–3 tubes. All images SEM, A, E, F from V13482, B, C from V13499, D from V13493, G-J from V13492.

Fig. 7 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 7. Postlarval stages: general shape. A. Specimen V13482 with partly everted introvert (in), trunk (tr) and one caudal appendage (ca). B. Specimen V13491. C. Two specimens of V13497 with asymmetrical caudal appendages, the left one with a small bud (arrow), the right one with two equally long, but unequally thick appendages (arrow on the thinner appendage). D-G. Four different specimens from V13493 with differently everted introverts, different contraction stages of the trunk and different development of the caudal appendage. Arrows in F and G point at the smaller second appendage. Note segmented longer appendage in G. H. Adult specimen V13492 in overview. I. Posterior view, showing the paired caudal appendage. Note the structural change at the ventral midline (vml).

Fig. 4 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 4. Larvae, habitus and internal structure. A. Example of a specimen, where the larval body does not completely fill out the lorica volume. A funnelshaped structure (fu) connects the putative anus with the posterior lorica margin. B, C. Examples of specimens, in which the larval body fills the lorica completely. D. Magnification of the funnel-structure. E. Larva in (putative) molt, ex = exuvia, recognizable by the molted scalids (arrow). F–H. Internal structure showing compartmentalization of the intestine in larvae with withdrawn introvert into a thicker pharyngeal region (ph), midgut (mg) and a more slender part (arrows), ending in the anus (an). In specimens with everted introvert, the intestine appears straight. All images by light microscopy. A, D from two different specimens of V13478, B from larva 1 of V13493, C from larva 3 of V13500, E from larva 1 of V13497, F from larva 12 of V13494, G from V13490, H from larva 1 of V13496.

Fig. 5 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 5. Introvert of the larva. A. Fully everted introvert showing the division into neck (ne), scalid region (sc) and mouth cone (mc). The primary scalids (ps) are directed anteriorly, the ring 2-scalids are marked by an arrow. ru = ruff. B. Arrangement of the 8 primary scalids (ps1-ps8), the ring 2-scalids (asterisks) and the further scalids (sc). The edge of two pharyngeal teeth (pt) is visible. C. Magnification of the mouth cone and the primary scalids (ps). The dashed line indicates a virtual line, along which scalids are arranged on both sides. The white line marks a row of scalids between primary scalids, the asterisk marks the first, larger scalid in these rows. D. Scalids are arranged in longitudinal rows. E. The broad, leaf-like scalids are have a margin (ma), a pair of tube-like structures (arrows) and a fringe (fr). F. Magnification of the "inner" region of the apical end of a primary scalid. G. Side view on a primary scalid. H. Back side of a primary scalid with several spines. All images SEM. A from V13489, B, D-H from three different specimens of V13478, C V13495.

Fig. 3 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 3. Lorica: tubuli and frontal plates. A. Fine structure of a tubulus. B. Two frontal plates (fp1, fp2) are present frontal of the dorsal/ventral plate (dvp). C. A pair of laterofrontal plates (lfp) is visible in some specimens. The margin (ma) between frontal plates 1 and 2 is very prominent. D. The folded lateral plates may extend beyond the frontal margins in the closed lorica. E. Frontal view showing the frontal plate 2 and one laterofrontal plate. The sublateral (slp) and midlateral (mlp) plates do not have frontal plates. F. Frontal view on almost closed lorica, showing the prominent margin between the two frontal plates. All images by SEM. A from larva 10 of V13478, B from V13483, C from larva 2 of V13488, D-F from three different specimens of V13494.

Fig. 2. Lorica structure. A, B in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 2. Lorica structure. A, B. The same larva (29,006) imaged with light microscoy (A) and SEM (B). Note slight size differences and folding artifacts possibly due to preparation for SEM. Arrows indicate lateral tubuli (as in B-D, F and G). C, D. The broader and more oval appearance of some larvae is created by the outfolding of the lateral plates, as seen by SEM (D). E, F. Three pairs of lateral plates are present, named sublateral plates (slp) and midlateral plates (mlp). G. Structurally different lorica of specimen 28,635_4. H. Arrows indicate the inner folding edge between the two sublateral and the two midlateral plates. Further abbreviations: dvp = dorsal/ventral plate, mr = median ridge. A, C by light microscopy, B, D-H by SEM. A, B from V13479, C, D from larva 5 of V13478, E from larva 10 of V13494, F from larva 10 of V13478, H from larva 6 of V13488.

Fig. 12 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 12. Postlarval stages: pharyngeal teeth. A. Overview on everted anterior pharyngeal teeth in a late postlarval stage (V13477), showing three rings of pharyngeal teeth (pt1-3) and the beginning of the scalid region (sc). Note paired teeth in the first ring. B. Overview on everted introvert in a younger postlarval stage (specimen 6 of V13493) with pharyngeal tooth rings 1–4 visible (pt1-4). Asterisks mark the cushion-like base at the inner side of the teeth. C, F, G, J. First-ring pharyngeal tooth in stages of increasing size (C and F from the same specimen V13484, G from specimen 9-2 of V13493, J from V13477). Note the development from a fine median furrow to a broader groove to the complete separation of the tooth (arrows in C, F, G). D, E. Longitudinal section through the upper pharynx in the adult (V13492), showing teeth of different rings (pt1-pt6) and the first scalids (sc). Note the position of first-ring teeth and the largest size of third-ring scalids. H. Magnification of one of the cusps from the tooth shown in J with apical tooth receptors (arrows). I. Surface of one first-ring tooth in the adult (V13492) showing tooth receptors (arrows). K. Tooth receptors on the cusps of tooth shown in C. All images except E SEM.

Fig. 8 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 8. Postlarval stages: trunk. A, D. The trunk is covered by tumuli. B, C. The ventral midline (vml) is elevated. E. In one specimen, scattered papillae (encircled) are present on the trunk. F. In magnification, these papillae have pointed receptors with an apical tubulus (arrows). G, H. Posterior end of the adult with three rings of ringpapillae (arrows). I. The ringpapillae have a frontal groove. The arrow indicates the region of receptors shown in J. J. Several receptors (arrows) are present apically on the ringpapillae. K. View on the caudal side of the ringpapillae from the third ring, the arrow indicates the region of receptors. L, M. Ringpapillae (arrows) are present in the larger postlarval stages. Note papilla with a groove at lower side of M. N. Magnification of ringpapilla with one apical receptor. Further abbreviations: ca = caudal appendage, in = introvert, tr = trunk, tu = tubuli. All images except G by SEM, A-C from V13484, D from V13502, E, F, M from V13498, G-K from V13492, L, N from specimen 9-2 of V13493.

Fig. 6 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 6. Pharyngeal teeth in the larva. A. Frontal introvert with widely extended mouth cone (mc), showing teeth of the first ring (pt). B. Teeth (pt) from "outer" side, showing deep median groove. C. Almost frontal view on the first ring of teeth (labelled "1"), part of one tooth of the second ring ("2") is visible. D. Magnification of one tooth from the outer side. E, F. Magnification of the frontal margin with spines and tooth receptors (arrows). Note undivided inner side. Further abbreviations: ne = neck, ps = primary scalid, ru = ruff, sc = scalids. All images SEM, all from V13500.

Fig. 11 in Morphology of larval and postlarval stages of Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Danielssen, 1869) (Priapulida) from the north atlantic ocean

Fig. 11. Postlarval stages: scalids. A. Series of scalids in younger stages decrease in number from three scalids (rectangle 1) over two scalids (rectangle 2) to one scalid (rectangle 3). B. Magnification of one scalid series showing apical receptors. C. Telescopic scalids and larger series in older stages. D. Telescopic scalids, here from the adult V13492 are composed of a basal (bp) and an apical (ap) part. E. Receptors at the tip of the apical part. All images SEM, A, B from specimen 6-1 of V13493, C, E from specimen 9-1 of V13493.

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North Atlantic Ocean Drifter Dataset for Multivariate Probabilistic Regression with Natural Gradient Boosting

Dataset created for Multivariate Probabilistic Regression with Natural Gradient Boosting application section. Supplied for replication. Variables in the dataset: <ul> <li>Tx, Ty, Wx, Wy: Wind Stress (Pa) (T), Wind Speed (m/s) (W) in the longitudinal (x) and latitudinal (y) directions.</li> <li>u_av, v_av: surface geostrophic sea water velocity (m/s)  longitudinal and latitudinal respectively.</li> <li>lon,lat: The longitude (-180,180) and latitude (-90,90) of the drifters.</li> <li>t: day of year (0,366).</li> <li>u, v: The velocities of the drifters (m/s).</li> </ul> Note u, v, Tx, Ty, Wx, Wy are all filtered as described in the papers supplemental information. If used the following must be acknowledged or cited appropriately. You must follows the terms of the use of the following sources: The Global Drifter Program https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/gdp/interpolated/data/all.php (lon, lat, u, v) CMEMS datasets which are interpolated to the drifter locations: 1. GLOBAL OCEAN GRIDDED L4 SEA SURFACE HEIGHTS AND DERIVED VARIABLES REPROCESSED (COPERNICUS CLIMATE SERVICE) https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/product-detail/SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_008_057/INFORMATION (u_av, v_av) 2. Global Ocean Wind L4 Reprocessed 6 hourly Observations https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/product-detail/WIND_GLO_WIND_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_012_006/INFORMATION (Wx, Wy, Tx, Ty) Note this dataset will not be regularly updated. Any changes in the source products will not be brought into this dataset.

FIGURE 35. Chaetozone donerae n in New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 35. Chaetozone donerae n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1661219): A, entire worm; B, anterior end, dorsal view. Paratype (USNM 1661243): C, posterior end, dorsal view; D, pygidial disk, dorsal view; E, posterior parapodium, anterior view, with acicular spines and capillaries. SEMs (USNM 1661226): F–G, acicular spines and capillaries from posterior neuropodium. A–E, stained with Shirlastain A.

FIGURE 36 in New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 36. Chaetozone hystricosa. SEMS, (MCZ 161950): A, anterior end, right lateral view; B, anterior end, left lateral view, inset of nuchal organ (not to scale); C, mid-body segments, lateral view; D, posterior segments and pygidium, lateral view; E, posterior segments and pygidium, dorsal view; F, two far posterior setigers with acicular spines and capillaries, lateral view; G, capillary notoseta from an anterior setiger; H, neuroacicular spines and capillaries from a far posterior setiger.

FIGURE 40. Chaetozone profunda n in New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 40. Chaetozone profunda n. sp. A, entire worm, left lateral view; B, anterior end, right lateral view; C, anterior end, dorsal view; D, posterior end, dorsal view; E, anterior end, right lateral view; F, posterior parapodium with acicular spines and capillaries, anterior view; G, notoacicular spines and capillaries from (F); H, neuroacicular spines and capillaries from (F); I, detail of neuroacicular spines and capillary from (H).A, D–E holotype (USNM 1661492); B, paratype (USNM 1661497); C, paratype USNM 1661494); F–I, paratype (USNM 1661495).

FIGURE 29. Chaetozone paucispinosa n in New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 29. Chaetozone paucispinosa n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1661244): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, ventral view; C, anterior end, right lateral view. Paratype (USNM 1661266): D–G, neuropodial acicular spines.

FIGURE 39. Chaetozone profunda n in New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 39. Chaetozone profunda n. sp. A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, left lateral view. A: paratype (USNM 1661502); B: USNM (USNM 1661539).