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264 results for “Odorants”
Male meadow vole scent marking 1 rival odor context
<p>Meadow voles (<i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>) rely on olfactory communication, such as scent marking, to find and secure mating opportunities during the breeding season. Scent marks, and odors in general, provide information about the donors and persists in the environment for extended periods, allowing a wide audience. Whether a vole responds to another scent mark(s), or odor(s), depends on the social context and the information the odor provides about the donor(s). Therefore, we examined if male scent marking towards a social odor or female meadow voles is influenced by information present or previously encountered based on contextual differences in the social odor. We presented males with two odor associations of a male with a female with contextual differences in the age of the rival. We tested male scent marking with both the odors present, current information, and with the females from the social information, prior information. It was found that rival male age did not affect the scent marking behavior of males towards a social odor or female voles. Rival male age also did not affect preference as males did not show a preference for either female. The lack of an effect may lie in the properties of scent marks and the natural history of meadow voles during the breeding season. The odor of an individual rival may not represent a strong enough competitional threat to influence a signaler's decisions, but the association could still provide the signaler with valuable information about which females are consider high-quality.</p>
Figure 2 from: King K, Meuti ME, Johnson NF (2021) Identification and expression of odorant binding proteins in the egg-parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.68954
Figure 2 Maximum likelihood tree illustrating relationships among 136 OBP sequences from Nasonia vitripennis (Nv), Apis mellifera (Am), Cephus cinctus (Cc), Trissolcus japonicus (Tj), Telenomus podisi (Tp), and Trissolcus basalis (Tb). The tree is rooted with CcOBP12. TbOBPs are depicted in bold text and branches highlighted in green, other telenomine species are highlighted in blue. TbOBPs that cluster with single-copy orthologs (SCO), paralog group 2 (P2), and the OBP59a group of McKenzie et al. (2014) are highlighted in yellow, pink, and purple respectively. All bootstrap support values ≥ 85% are indicated at the relevant nodes; lower values are reported to clarify support level at other selected nodes.
Figure 1 from: King K, Meuti ME, Johnson NF (2021) Identification and expression of odorant binding proteins in the egg-parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.68954
Figure 1 Position and orientation of syntenic TbOBPs present on genomic scaffolds 159 and 353. Yellow connected ribbon segments represent exon regions of each TbOBP. The black vertical lines labeled with gene names are located at the 5' end of each sequence.
Figure 3 from: King K, Meuti ME, Johnson NF (2021) Identification and expression of odorant binding proteins in the egg-parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.68954
Figure 3 Expression profiles for 11 TbOBPs across four tissue types as measured with qPCR: female antennae (FA), female bodies (FB), male antennae (MA), and male bodies (MB). Black data points: normalized expression (log2) for each of five biological replicates per tissue; red dots: mean expression level. Significance differences (p < 0.05) are illustrated by differences in letters, calculated using TukeyHSD ANOVA means comparison.
Supplementary material 1 from: King K, Meuti ME, Johnson NF (2021) Identification and expression of odorant binding proteins in the egg-parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). In: Lahey Z, Talamas E (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.68954
TbOBP sequences; OBP sequences for gene tree; qPCR primers
Supplementary material 1 from: Lin S-S, Li Y-H, Su H-L, Yi H, Pan Z, Sun Y-J, Zeng Z-C, Wang J (2022) Discovery of a new limestone karst-restricted odorous frog from northern Guangdong, China (Anura, Ranidae, Odorrana). ZooKeys 1120: 47-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87067
Table S1
Odorant choice experiment of Tylonycteris Pachypus
<p>Insectivorous bats are mostly amblyope, however, they have very strong echolocation and olfactory systems. They use ultrasonic sounds to avoid pray and to locate food; they use scent alone to discriminate between colony and non-colony-mates, males and females and individuals of different age. Previous studies show that olfactory cues serve an important role in animal close-up recognition, however, there are still many unknowns to be clarified. We designed three main experiments in order to understand the role of olfactory cues in bat social communication. These comprise the pup odorant choice experiment (POC), the colony-mate odorant choice experiment (COC) and the gender odorant choice experiment (GOC) which were all carried out on the lesser flat-headed bat, <i>Tylonycteris pachypus</i>. Our results suggest that olfactory cues play an important role in <i>T. pachypus</i> mother-pup, colony-mate and gender recognition, however, the POC experiment shows that there was no significant difference between a newborn and a weaning pup. In the COC experiment, we found that bats were more attracted to colony-mates except for subadults, whilst in the GOC experiment, female bats were more attracted to female colony-mates. This is the first time that recognition behaviour of bats has been studied in multiple aspects.</p>
EXPRESSION OF THE ODOR CONCEPT THROUGH VERBAL MEANS
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Data from: Information-theoretic analysis of realistic odor plumes: what cues are useful for determining location?
Many species rely on olfaction to navigate towards food sources or mates. Olfactory navigation is a challenging task since odor environments are typically turbulent. While time-averaged odor concentration varies smoothly with the distance to the source, instaneous concentrations are intermittent and obtaining stable averages takes longer than the typical intervals between animals' navigation decisions. How to effectively sample from the odor distribution to determine sampling location is the focus on this article. To investigate which sampling strategies are most informative about the location of an odor source, we recorded three naturalistic stimuli with planar lased-induced fluorescence and used an information-theoretic approach to quantify the information that different sampling strategies provide about sampling location. Specifically, we compared multiple sampling strategies based on a fixed number of coding bits for encoding the olfactory stimulus. When the coding bits were all allocated to representing odor concentration at a single sensor, information rapidly saturated. Using the same number of coding bits in two sensors provides more information, as does coding multiple samples at different times. When accumulating multiple samples at a fixed location, the temporal sequence does not yield a large amount of information and can be averaged with minimal loss. Furthermore, we show that histogram-equalization is not the most efficient way to use coding bits when using the olfactory sample to determine location.
A Clinical Study to Examine the Effects of an Experimental Toothpaste Compared to a Regular Fluoride Toothpaste on Breath Odor in a Population With Gingivitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05524948. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A New Portable Monitor for Measuring Odorous Compounds in Oral, Exhaled and Nasal Air
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01139073. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Human Perception of Odors and Odor Blockers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06191419. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Perception of odors linked to precise timing in the olfactory system
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Data from: Information-theoretic analysis of realistic odor plumes: what cues are useful for determining location?
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Data from: Effect of host plant and immune challenge on the levels of chemosensory and odorant-binding proteins in caterpillar salivary glands
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Data from: Female assortative mate choice functionally validates synthesized male odors of evolving river-lake stickleback ecotypes
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Data from: Prenatal alcohol exposure increases postnatal acceptability of nicotine odor and taste in adolescent rats
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The data of ~160 worms during odor avoidance behavior before or after learning
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Data from: Comparative genomics and transcriptomics in ants provide new insights into the evolution and function of odorant binding and chemosensory proteins
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Data from: Modulation of social space by dopamine in Drosophila melanogaster, but no effect on the avoidance of the Drosophila stress odorant
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