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opennotspecifiedDec 2010View details →

FIG. 2 in Contrasting marine larval settlement patterns imply habitat-seeking behaviours in a fouling and a cryptic species (phylum Bryozoa)

FIG. 2. Inferred laboratory behaviours and stylized ®eld distributions of (A) Schizoporella errata and (B) Plagioecia patina. Schizoporella errata colonies are indicated by striped areas and are shown attached to undersides of a boat and to shallow parts of a vertical man-made structure such as a piling or wall. Plagioecia patina colonies are indicated by cross-hatched areas and are shown attached to deep objects, including the underside of a shell resting on its concave surface. Larval swimming paths in the laboratory experiment are indicated by sequentially numbered arrows, the widths of which are roughly proportioned to the proportion of larvae following the path. Black rectangles represent dark conditions. Inferred stimuli are indicated by letters: p+, photopositive; p±, photonegative; g +, geopositive; g±, geonegative; go, possible neutral or counterbalancing responses that result in, on average, sustained horizontal swimming.

opennotspecifiedDec 2010View details →

FIG. 1 in Contrasting marine larval settlement patterns imply habitat-seeking behaviours in a fouling and a cryptic species (phylum Bryozoa)

FIG. 1. Pattern of the panel that forms the back of the array of contiguous settlement chambers in the experiment. Cross-sectional pro®les of the 24 3-cm highÖ3-cm wideÖ15.5-cm long chambers are seen. Chambers on the left were dark and those on the right were lighted. Within each of the three levels (high, middle, low), each chamber in the lighted side had a unique ¯ow velocity through it determined by the size of the downstream opening (symbolized by the size of the circle within each square). Four elongate bounding surfaces de®ned each elongate chamber: a downward-facing ceiling, two lateral walls and an upward-facing ¯oor. Distance within the chambers is not portrayed in the ®gure, but each of the four elongate walls of chambers was examined and scored as three equal segments: the portion closest to the entrance (upstream end), the middle portion and the portion closest to the back panel (downstream end).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Supplementary Tables: The symbiotic lignocellulose degradation in termite guts: Novel insights into main bacterial players and mechanisms, with focus on the phylum Fibrobacterota

This repo contains the Supplementary Tables for the thesis entitled "The symbiotic lignocellulose degradation in termite guts: Novel insights into main bacterial players and mechanisms, with focus on the phylum Fibrobacterota" by João Salgado.

opennotspecifiedMar 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity systematics, and the species concept

FIGURE 2. Proposal of new nematode genera per decade (columns) and total number of valid genera (points and line). The columns represent the total increase in the decade. The points and line represent the total number of valid genera at the end of the decade; i.e. the column for 2010 represents the genera added from the beginning of 2001 to the end of 2010, and the point for 2010 represents the number of genera at the end of 2010.

opennotspecifiedMar 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity systematics, and the species concept

FIGURE 1. Descriptions of new nematode species per year. Circles are for all publications, triangles for the journal Zootaxa only. Filled symbols represent arithmetic mean rates per year for the period surrounding the point. Empty symbols represent estimates at the time. See text for full description. Trend lines are illustrative only.

Fig. 5 in Transcriptome profiling of Symbion pandora (phylum Cycliophora): insights from a differential gene expression analysis

Fig. 5 Differential transcript expression analysis. Bar charts represent the enriched molecular functions associated with the upregulated genes in a feeding stages with Prometheus larva(e) and b feeding stages alone

Fig. 4 in Transcriptome profiling of Symbion pandora (phylum Cycliophora): insights from a differential gene expression analysis

Fig. 4 Differential transcript expression analysis. Bar charts represent the enriched biological processes associated with the upregulated genes in a feeding stages with Prometheus larva(e) and b feeding stages alone

Fig. 2 in Transcriptome profiling of Symbion pandora (phylum Cycliophora): insights from a differential gene expression analysis

Fig. 2 Scheme of the methodology employed in this study. In a first approach, the reference transcriptome (workflow in grey) was assembled de novo from three distinct life cycle stages: the feeding stage alone (asexual generation; note that in young feeding stages, the buccal funnel is located inside in the trunk), the feeding stage with Prometheus larva(e) attached to its trunk (sexual generation) and the free-swimming chordoid larva. Secondly, in the differential gene expression analysis (workflow in black), only two different conditions were investigated: feeding stages with Prometheus larva(e) attached to its trunk and feeding stages alone. Finally, sequenced reads were mapped to the reference transcriptome

Fig. 6 in Transcriptome profiling of Symbion pandora (phylum Cycliophora): insights from a differential gene expression analysis

Fig. 6 Differential transcript expression analysis. Bar charts represent the enriched cellular components associated with the upregulated genes in a feeding stages with Prometheus larva(e) and b feeding stages alone

opennotspecifiedApr 2024View details →

FIGURE 2A–H. Glomus rugosae. A in Glomus rugosae, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal species in Glomeraceae (phylum Glomeromycota) from maritime sand dunes of Poland and an ash pond of Czech Republic

FIGURE 2A–H. Glomus rugosae. A. Cluster with sporogenous hyphae (h), spores (sp), and a spore subtending hypha (sh). B–F. Spore wall layers (swl) 1–4. F, G. Subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–4 continuous with spore wall layers (swl) 1–4. H. Arbuscule (a), intraradical hyphae (ih), and vesicle (v) in Plantago lanceolata root stained in 0.1% Trypan blue. A, B, G, H. Spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG. C–F. Spores in PVLG+Melzer's reagent. A–H. Differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: A = 20 μm, B–H = 10 μm.

Fig. 7 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 7 Immunolocalization of MSP in E. brevis sperm. a Immature spermatozoon from male. MSP is diffusely distributed in cytoplasm and concentrated in large granules (scale bar 10 µm). b Spermatozoon recovered from male and partially activated by 10-min incubation in sea water. MSP undergoes transformation resulting in appearance of

Fig. 5 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 5 Western blot analysis of MSP in E. brevis. a MSP has unusual mobility in gel and is found as protein with weight 36–38 kDa. Both male and female samples reveal MSP signal, because the latter include inseminated females. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control (approximate weight 55 kDa). b Peptide competition assay confirms reactivity of anti-MSP antibodies with protein band of 36–38 kDa

Fig. 2 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 2 Western blot analysis of MSP in P. redivivus. In adult animals, MSP is detected as double band with approximate weight 15 and 16 kDa. a Both male and female samples reveal MSP signal, because the latter include mated females. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control (approximate weight 55 kDa). b Analysis of young males and females. MSP is not detected in females, because most of them are unmated. Abbreviations: m, males; f, females

Fig. 3 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of P. redivivus spermatozoa based on transmission electron microscopy. a Morphology of immature and mature spermatozoa. Immature spermatozoon is an unpolarized cell with nucleus devoid of nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and membranous organelles. Mature spermatozoon in female reproductive system is a bipolar cell with anterior pseudopodium and posterior main cell body containing chromatin, mitochondria, and membranous organelles that attached to cell membrane and open to the exterior via pores. Reproduced from Zograf (2014) with the permission from copyright holder (Russian Journal of Nematology). b Chain of conjugated mature spermatozoa in female reproductive system. Abbreviations: N, nucleus; mt, mitochondria; mo, membranous organelles; ch, nuclear chromatin; ps, pseudopodium; mcb, mail cell body

Fig. 1 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 1 Phylogeny of nematodes and MSP-based sperm motility. Phylogenetic relationships within phylum Nematoda derived primarily from SSU rDNA sequence data are given according to De Ley and Blaxter (2002). Suborders of the order Rhabditida, in which representatives highly homologous MSPs are found at DNA, RNA, or protein levels, are marked by underlining. Taxa whose species used in this study are marked with asterisks. Orders Trefusi- ida, Isolaimida, Dioctophyma- tida, Muspiceida, Marimermith- ida, and Desmoscolecida are not shown in this tree

Fig. 8 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 8 Putative MSPs those are most similar to peptide antigen. a P. redivivus MSPs aligned with peptide antigen. Protein sequences (Pan_g61.t1, Pan_g6018.t1, Pan_g6424.t1, Pan_g9068.t1, Pan_ g19433.t1, and Pan_g21178.t1) were found by Blast using peptide

Fig. 4 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 4 Immunolocalization of MSP in P. redivivus sperm. a Immature spermatozoa extracted from male. MSP localizes in granules. In some cells, MSP has strongest signals in the periphery (arrowheads) (scale bar 10 µm). b Chain of mature spermatozoa extracted from female.

embargoedcc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

Phylum Cnidaria (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) CANTATA Transcriptomes

CANTATA is a Community bAsed Non-bilaTeriAn Transcriptome Archive aiming to provide an archive of non-bilaterian transcriptomic resources assembled and annotated in a standardized manner. In this repository, we provide the transcriptomes assemblies corresponding to the Phylum Cnidaria (Class Anthozoa, Subclass Hexacorallia). Currently, the following species are available:<ul><li>Acropora aculeus</li><li>Acropora cervicornis</li><li>Acropora digitifera</li><li>Acropora millepora</li><li>Acropora tenuis</li><li>Actinia tenebrosa</li><li>Agaricia lamarcki</li><li>Alveopora japonica</li><li>Anemonia sulcata</li><li>Anemonia viridis</li><li>Anthopleura dowii</li><li>Anthopleura elegantissima</li><li>Antipathes caribbeana</li><li>Aulactinia veratra</li><li>Calliactis polypus</li><li>Coelastrea aspera</li><li>Condylactis gigantea</li><li>Corynactis australis</li><li>Ctenactis echinata</li><li>Cyphastrea serailia</li><li>Dipsastraea rotumana</li><li>Edwardsiella carnea</li><li>Entacmaea quadricolor</li><li>Favites acuticollis</li><li>Fungia fungites</li><li>Galaxea astreata</li><li>Goniastrea retiformis</li><li>Goniopora columna</li><li>Heteractis crispa</li><li>Lobactis scutaria</li><li>Megalactis griffithsi</li><li>Montastraea cavernosa</li><li>Montipora aequituberculata</li><li>Montipora capitata</li><li>Montipora digitata</li><li>Nematostella vectensis</li><li>Palythoa caribaeorum</li><li>Palythoa variabilis</li><li>Plesiastrea versipora</li><li>Plumapathes pennacea</li><li>Pocillopora damicornis</li><li>Porites astreoides</li><li>Porites australiensis</li><li>Porites lobata</li><li>Porites lutea</li><li>Protopalythoa variabilis</li><li>Pseudodiploria strigosa</li><li>Rhodactis indosinensis</li><li>Seriatopora hystrix</li><li>Siderastrea siderea</li><li>Stichodactyla haddoni</li><li>Stichodactyla helianthus</li><li>Tubastraea coccinea</li></ul>The details about the read files used to assemble each transcriptome can be found at the CANTATA repository (https://gitlab.lrz.de/palmuc/cantata)

Figure 2 in A global biodiversity estimate of a poorly known taxon: phylum Tardigrada

Figure 2. Estimated global tardigrade diversity;, known numbers of taxa;, estimated species diversity; error bars are 95% confidence intervals; lower bars are not included as these are lower than the number of known species; y-axis is a logarithmic scale. A, marine species; B, limnoterrestrial species; and C, combined species.

Figure 1 in A global biodiversity estimate of a poorly known taxon: phylum Tardigrada

Figure 1. Images of a limnoterrestrial and marine tardigrade: A, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the limnoterrestrial eutardigrade Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900) (photo courtesy of Diane R. Nelson); B, drawing of the marine heterotardigrade Tanarctus bubulubus Jørgensen & Kristensen, 2001. Used with permission of the authors and publisher.