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779 results for “Pigments”
FIGURE 3 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 3. Distribution of rare leeches. Circles, 2004 survey; squares, literature locations (Pawlowski 1948, Davies 1973); triangles, museum specimens. A, Alboglossiphonia heteroclita (Linnaeus); B, Theromyzon sp.; C, Haemopis marmorata (Say): circles and squares; Haemopis lateromaculata Mathers: triangles; D, Haemopis grandis (Verrill) and Erpobdella parva (Moore): both museum specimens found at the same site (Fox Island- see text).
FIGURE 18. Austroplebeia wings. Dotted lines indicate pigmented vein traces. Figs a–c in Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision
FIGURE 18. Austroplebeia wings. Dotted lines indicate pigmented vein traces. Figs a–c. Forewings, showing variation observed in the vestige of the first transverse cubital vein: a, A. magna sp. nov. forewing with a short vein vestige; b, Detail of an A. australis–Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a thickening of vein M at this position; c, Detail of an A. australis–Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a long vein vestige. Fig. d. Hindwing of A. magna sp. nov. Fig. e. Diagram of a forewing showing how the following measurements were made: (1) forewing length without tegula; (2) forewing width; (3) wing diagonal (Sakagami 1978); (4) 1st abscissa of M length; (5) 1st abscissa of Cu length. Figs a–d drawn to same scale: scale bar = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: M—vein M; 1st R—first recurrent vein; 2nd Cu—second cubital cell; Ham—hamuli.
Large Pigment Database
<div> <div> <p><em>Nowadays, large language models are increasingly human-level intelligent, yet for primitive tasks such as sensing chemicals – dogs continue to surpass any man-made technology. A main reason for the underdevelopment of AI technology for chemosensing is the lack of a large and open-access dataset. As a step to fix this, we may create a large pigment model by curating already published open-access datasets containing the spectral reflectance properties of 1000s of pigments. This can lead to novel hyperspectral computer-vision technology that can detect the mixing ratios of pigments used in a painting, monitor the nutritional profile of crops, detect skin diseases etc. </em></p> <p>Your <strong>reflectance spectra datasets</strong><em> </em>are highly welcome because presently available datasets on spectrochemical analysis of pigments have the following limitations:</p> <p><a href="https://spectrabase.com/">SpectraBase</a> (belongs to a company that forbids open-access machine learning development)</p> <p><a href="https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5807a2a2e4b0841e59e3a18d">USGS Spectral Library Version 7 Data - ScienceBase-Catalog</a> (contains some spectra with reflectance values above 1)</p> <p><a href="https://chsopensource.org/pigments-checker/">Pigments Checkers – Cultural Heritage Science Open Source (chsopensource.org)</a><strong> </strong>(contains less than 100 pigments)</p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14576">A colloidal quantum dot spectrometer | Nature</a><strong> </strong>(contains spectra plotted in images, needs conversion to an array of numbers)</p> <p><a href="https://soprano.kikirpa.be/">SOPRANO (kikirpa.be)</a><strong> </strong>(contains Raman spectra where the excitation frequency is not standardised)</p> <p><a href="https://www.fpbase.org/protein/dlanyfp/">dLanYFP :: Fluorescent Protein Database (fpbase.org)</a><strong> </strong>(contains Fluorescence spectra where the excitation frequency is not standardised)</p> </div> </div>
Keto-Enol Tautomerization of the Medicinal Pigment Curcumin
<p>Logfiles for curcumin.nH2O and Curcumin.nCH3OH in keto, enol forms and the transition states between them.</p>
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
Data from: Elevational divergence in pigmentation plasticity is associated with selection and pigment biochemistry
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is predicted to evolve in environmentally variable habitats, or those experiencing a high frequency of strong selection. However, the evolution of plasticity may be constrained by costs or physiological constraints. In flowers, UV-absorbing pigmentation ameliorates UV damage to pollen, and is linked with elevated UV exposure. Whether plasticity contributes to this pattern remains unclear. Petals of <i>Argentina anserina</i> have larger UV-absorbing petal areas at high elevations where they experience higher and more variable UV exposure compared to low elevations. We measured UV-induced pigmentation plasticity in high- and low-elevation populations (hereafter, '<i>high</i>, '<i>low'</i>), and selection on pigmentation via male fitness. We dissected UV pigment biochemistry using metabolomics to explore biochemical mechanisms underlying plasticity. <i>H</i><i>igh</i> displayed positive UV-induced pigmentation plasticity but <i>low</i> lacked plasticity. Selection favored elevated pigmentation under UV in <i>high</i>, supporting adaptive plasticity. In <i>high</i>, UV-absorption was conferred by flavonoids produced in one flavonoid pathway branch. However, in <i>low</i>, UV-absorption was associated with many compounds spanning many branches. Elevated plasticity was thus associated with reduced pigment diversity. Results are consistent with adaptive floral pigmentation plasticity in more extreme and variable environments. We discuss how biochemical underpinnings of pigmentation may permit or constrain the evolution of pigmentation plasticity.</p>
Pigmentation biosynthesis influences the microbiome associated with sea urchins
<p>Organisms living on the seafloor are subject to encrustations by a wide variety of animal, plants, and microbes. Sea urchins, however, thwart this covering. Despite having a sophisticated immune system, there is no clear mechanism that allows sea urchins to remain clean. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas9, we test the hypothesis that pigmentation biosynthesis in sea urchin spines influences their interactions with microbes in vivo. We have three primary findings. First, the microbiome of sea urchin spines are species-specific and that much of this community is lost in captivity. Second, different color morphs associate with bacterial communities that are similar in composition and structure. Lastly, the gene activity of the pigmentation biosynthesis genes polyketide synthase and flavin-dependent mono-oxygenase induces a shift in which bacterial taxa colonize the tissues of sea urchin spines. We, therefore, find it plausible that host pigments are involved in host-microbe interactions and potentially in symbiotic homeostasis.</p>
Figure 2. Bayesian 50 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 2. Bayesian 50% consensus tree from concatenated data of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and large mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear ribosomal genes (28S). Annotated sequence groups were obtained with ABGD. Numbers on nodes correspond to posterior probabilities. Black dots mark significant and grey dots non-significant reciprocally monophyletic clades according to Rosenberg's (2007) test.
Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 3. Magelona alleni (Morocco St. 2011410–GR45, NMW.Z.2021.001.0001): A, anterior region (dorsal view showing pigment band); B, prostomium, dorsal view (base of RH palp visible); C, E–K, M, O, parapodia of chaetigers 1–9, 11, respectively (anterior views); D, neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (ventral view); L, parapodium of chaetiger 8 (lateral view); N, neuropodium of chaetiger 9 (lateral view); P, Q, tridentate abdominal hooded hooks (oblique lateral and lateral views, respectively).
Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 7. Magelona guineensis. Holotype (São Tomé and Príncipe, St. 5SP–05, ZMBN132137): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, prostomium (dorsal view); C, parapodium of chaetiger 1 (anterior view); D, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (dorsal view); E, parapodium of chaetiger 2 (anterior view); F, parapodium of chaetiger 3 (anterior view); G, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 3 (dorsal view); H–N, parapodia of chaetigers 4–10, respectively (anterior views); O, abdominal tridentate hooded hook (oblique frontal view).
Figure 14 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 14. Magelona fasciata (Senegal St. 2011410–SL12: A–C, NMW.Z.2021.001.0009; D, E, NMW.Z.2021.001.0008; F, Senegal St. 2011410–SL12_5; G, St. 2011410–SL11: ZMBN115739): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, anterior region (ventral view, showing partially everted burrowing organ); C, anterior region (lateral view, showing thoracic/abdominal junction); D, nine abdominal chaetigers, towards posterior region, showing two posteriorly open lateral pouches (ventrolateral view); E, posterior region (ventral view, showing pygidium and several lateral pouches); F, middle section of palp, showing pigmentation of the non-papillated side; G, anterior region (dorsal view).
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 1. Map showing the MIWA sampling area between Morocco in the north and Angola in the south, indicating the position of all sampling stations and current known distributions and depths for all magelonid species carrying posterior thoracic pigmentation off the western and southern coasts of Africa.
Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 8. Magelona guineensis. Holotype (São Tomé and Príncipe, St. 5SP–05, ZMBN132137): A, B, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views respectively, showing pigment band); C, D, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views respectively); E, prostomium (ventral view, showing buccal region). C–E, stained with methyl green.
Figure 13 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 13. Magelona fasciata. (Ghana St. 7GH–02) (A, B, D–Z, holotype, ZMBN132144; C, paratype (NMW.Z.2021.001.0012): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, C, prostomia (dorsal views); D, parapodium of chaetiger 1 (anterior view); E, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (dorsal view); F, parapodium of chaetiger 2 (anterior view); G, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 2 (dorsal view); H, parapodium of chaetiger 3 (anterior view); I, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 3 (dorsal view); J, parapodium of chaetiger 4 (anterior view); K, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 4 (dorsal view); L, parapodium of chaetiger 5 (anterior view); M, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 5 (dorsal view); N, parapodium of chaetiger 6 (anterior view); O, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 6 (dorsal view); P–T, parapodia of chaetigers 7, 8, 9, 14 and 40, respectively (anterior views); U, abdominal chaetiger showing posteriorly open lateral pouch (lateral view); V, capillary chaeta from thoracic segment (lateral view); W–Y, bidentate abdominal hooded hooks (oblique lateral, lateral and posterolateral views, respectively, hoods omitted in X and Z for clarity); Z, eggs observed in the abdominal cavity.
Figure 12 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 12. Magelona nanseni. Holotype (Nigeria St. 5N–11, ZMBN132141): A, B, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views, respectively, pigmentation in posterior thorax visible); C, prostomium and first four chaetigers (dorsal view, showing dorsal speckled regions); D, E, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views, respectively); F, prostomium and first four chaetigers (dorsal view); G, H, anterior region (posterolateral and anterolateral views, respectively). D–H, stained with methyl green.
Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 6. Magelona alleni (A–F, holotype BMNH 1958.5.2.1; G, paratype BMNH 1958.5.2.2): A, B, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views, respectively); C, D, prostomium and first five chaetigers (dorsal and ventral views, respectively); E, anterior region (laterodorsal view); F, thoracic/abdominal junction showing chaetigers 4(RH) to 13 (LH) (lateral view); G, posterior region (dorsal view).
Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 5. Magelona alleni (A, B, holotype BMNH 1958.5.2.1; C, paratype BMNH 1958.5.2.2): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, prostomium and first chaetiger (ventral view, showing mouth and base of LH palp); C, posterior region (dorsal view).
Figure 17 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 17. Magelona mackiei. (A, B, Liberia St. 7LI–01, NMW.Z.2021.001.0018; C–H, Liberia St. 7LI–07, NMW.Z.2021.001.0017; I, Nigeria St. 6N–11, ZMBN132179): A, anterior region (ventral view); B, anterior region (dorsal view); C, anterior region (dorsal view); D, anterior region (ventral view); E, anterior region (lateral view); F, anterior region (dorsal view); G, anterior region (ventral view); H, prostomium and first three chaetigers (dorsolateral view); I, section of sediment tube. F–H, stained with methyl green.
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 4. Magelona alleni (Morocco St. 2011410–GR45, NMW.Z.2021.001.0001), methyl green staining pattern: A, anterior region (dorsal view, showing pigment band. RH palp attached); B, anterior region (ventral view, showing partially everted burrowing organ); C, prostomium and first chaetiger (dorsal view); D, right-hand parapodia of chaetigers 7–10 (lateral view).
Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 9. Magelona picta. Holotype (Angola St. 7AN–03, ZMBN107338): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, prostomium (dorsal view, partially everted burrowing organ on the right-hand side of prostomium); C–F, parapodia of chaetigers 1, 2, 4 and 5 (anterior views); G–H, notopodium and neuropodium of chaetigers 6 and 7, respectively (anterior views); I–K, parapodia of chaetigers 8, 9 and 12 (anterior views); L, thoracic capillary chaeta (lateral view); M, abdominal tridentate hooded hook (oblique frontal view).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.