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Fig. 10 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 10. Dorsal vertebrae attributed to indeterminate stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian Sobral Formation, Paimogo (Lourinhã region, Portugal) and from the Kimmeridgian Alcobaça Formation, Torrinhas (Batalha region, Portugal). A. MG 4823. B. MG 4827. Left lateral (A1, B1), right lateral (A2, B2), anterior (A3, B3), ventral (anterior to the right, A4, B4), dorsal (anterior to the left, A5, B5), and posterior (A6, B6) views.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 3. Geological and stratigraphical context of fossil sites in the northern part of the Consolação sub-basin and in the Bombarral sub-basin. A. Geological map of the region between Caldas da Rainha and Alcobaça with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida 1960; Camarate França and Zbyszewski 1963). B. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Consolação-S. Martinho, Torres Vedras and Lourinhã coastal regions. The stratigraphy for Torres Vedras and Lourinhã based on Hill (1988) and Manuppella et al. (1999a) and for the littoral of Consolação-S. Martinho do Porto based on Manuppella et al. (1999a) and Azerêdo et al. (2010). Abbreviations: Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l., lower; m., middle; Oxfor., Oxfordian; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 4. Geological and stratigraphical context of fossil sites in the Mamede sub-basin. A. Geological map of the region of Batalha and Ourém with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Teixeira et al. 1968; Manuppella et al. 2000). B. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic sequences in the Mamede sub-basin based on Kullberg et al. (2013) and Fürsich et al. (2021). Abbreviations: Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l ., lower; m., middle; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 7. Geological and stratigraphical context of the Figeira de Foz and Aveiro region. A. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). B. Geological map of Figueira da Foz and Aveiro region (Aveiro sub-basin) with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Rocha et al. 1981 and Barbosa et al. 2008). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous sequences in the Figueira da Foz and Aveiro sub-basins based on Barbosa et al. (2008). Abbreviations: Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l., lower; m., middle; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 9. Cervical (MG 8798a) and dorsal (MG 8798b) vertebrae attributed to indeterminate stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Kimmeridgian–Tothonian Sobral Formation, Porto das Barcas (Lourinhã region, Portugal). A. MG 8798a. B. MG 8798b. Right lateral (A1, B1), left lateral (A2, B2), anterior (A3, B3), dorsal (anterior to the left, A4, B4), ventral (anterior to the right, A5, B5), and posterior (A6, B6) views.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 6. Geological and stratigraphical context of fossil sites in the Setúbal sub-basin. A. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). B. Geological map of the Sesimbra to Cabo Espichel region with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Manuppella et al. 1999b). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Setúbal sub-basin based on Manuppella et al. (1999b). The stratigraphic position of the Papo Seco Formation from which the studied fossils were collected is marked in green. Abbreviations: Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l., lower; m., middle; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 2. Geological and stratigraphical context of fossil sites in the Consolação and Bombarral sub-basins, Portugal. A. Geological map of coastal region of Lourinhã and Peniche with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Camarate França et al. 1960; Manuppella et al. 1999a). B. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Torres Vedras and Lourinhã costal region and Consolação-S.Martinho do Porto coastal region based on Hill (1988), Manuppella et al. (1999a) and Azerêdo et al. (2010). Abbreviations: Assen., Assenta; Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l., lower; m., middle; Oxfor., Oxfordian; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 5. Geological and stratigraphical context of fossil sites in the Mamede sub-basin. A. Map of the Lusitanian Basin with the main structural elements and the different sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021). B. Geological map map of the region of Pombal and Leiria with localities yielding fossil remains studied in this work (modified from Teixeira et al. 1968; Manuppella et al. 1978). C. Simplified stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic sequences in the Mamede sub-basin based on Kullberg et al. (2013) and Fürsich et al. (2021). Abbreviations: Berrias., Berriasian; Chron., Chronostratigraphy; Fm., Formation; mb., member; l., lower; m., middle; Oxf., Oxfordian; sb., sub-basin; u., upper.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 8. Cervical vertebrae attributed to a thalattosuchian crocodyliforms from the Kimmeridgian Alcobaça Formation, Fervença (Alcobaça region, Portugal). A. MG 4829a. B. MG 4829b. Right lateral (A1, B1), left lateral (A2, B2), anterior (A3, B3), dorsal (anterior to the right, A4, B4), ventral (anterior to the left, A5, B5), and posterior (A6, B6) views.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal

Fig. 1. Geological map (adapted from Oliveira et al. 1992) showing the Mesozoic levels and the main structures that delimit the different sectors (sensu Ribeiro et al. 1996 and Kullberg et al. 2006) and sub-basins (sensu Fürsich et al. 2021) of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal.

Fig. 4 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 4. Limb bones and pelvic girdle of the plesiosaur Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) from the Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of São Pedro de Moel (Leiria, Portugal). Right femur (A), humerus (B), and radius (C), in proximal, dorsal, anterior, ventral, posterior, and distal views, respectively. D. Phalanx in dorsal, anteroporterior, and ventral views, respectively. Right ischium (E) and pubis (F), in ventral and dorsal views, respectively. G. Right ilium in distal, proximal, dorsal, posterior, ventral, and anterior views, respectively. The dashed lines in G2 highlight the curvature of the iliac blade. Photographs (A1–G1) and explanatory drawings (A2–G2). H. Anatomical reconstruction of the right side and mirrored left side of the pelvic girdle in dorsal view. Drawings by SM. Abbreviations: ace, acetabulum; adr, adductor rugosity; apis, anteromedial process of the ischium; cap, capitulum; cor, anterolateral cornu; epf, epipodial foramen; fif, fibular facet; gr, groove; huf, humeral facet; il, ilium; ilbl, iliac blade; ilf, iliac articular facet; ilsh, iliac shaft; is, ischium; isf, ischial articular facet; issh, ischial shaft; is sym, ischial symphysis; mebl, medial blade of the ischium; no, notch; pb, pelvic bar; pppu, posteromedial process of the pubis; pu, pubis; puf, pubic articular facet; pu sym, pubic symphysis; pvf, pelvic fenestra; raf, radial facet; radf, radiale facet; rug, rugosity; tif, tibial facet; tr, trochanter; trc, trochanteric crest; tub, tuberosity; ulf, ulnar facet.

Fig. 3 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 3. Axial bones of the plesisaur Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) from the Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of São Pedro de Moel (Leiria, Portugal). A. Last cervical vertebra (Fig. 2A: 1). B. First pectoral vertebra (Fig. 2A: 2). C. Second pectoral vertebra (Fig. 2A: 3). D. Third pectoral vertebra Fig. 2A: 4). E. Fourth pectoral vertebra (Fig. 2A: 5). F. Dorsal vertebra (Fig. 2A: 9). G. Last dorsal vertebra (Fig. 2A: 22). In anterior, lateral, posterior, dorsal, and ventral views, respectively. H. Anterior or posterior dorsal rib in proximal (in H2), dorsal, anteroposterior, and ventral views, respectively. I. Middle dorsal rib in anteroposterior view. J, K. Lateral gastralia in anteroposterior and dorsoventral views, and cross section (in J2), respectively. Photographs A1–C1, D, E1–K1) and explanatory drawings (A2–C2, E2–K2); drawings by SM. Abbreviations: c, centrum; fs, foramina subcentralia; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophyses; prz, prezygapophyses; rf, rib facet; tp, transverse process; vmr, ventromedial ridge.

Fig. 2 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 2. Bone mapping and reconstruction of the skeleton of Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) from the Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of São Pedro de Moel (Leiria, Portugal). A. Bones distribution map of the three original extracted blocks (1, 2 and 3) containing ML2302. Arrows with question marks represent that the joining relationship between the blocks is unknown. B. Photographs of the five sub-blocks (1A, 1B, 2C, 2D, and 3E) after preparation works. C. Skeleton reconstruction with the preserved bones of ML2302. D. Archival photographs of how blocks 2 and 3 were found before their preparation. Drawings by SM.

Fig. 1 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 1. Geographical and geological settings of Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) from the Lower Jurassic of São Pedro de Moel (Leiria, Portugal). Geological map of the Iberian Peninsula (A) and the Jurassic outcrops in the Lusitanian Basin (B) with study area indicated (asterisks). Geological mapping of the outcropping rock units in the São Pedro de Moel region (C) with location of the ML2302 site (asterisk). Synthetic stratigraphic column of the Coimbra Formation (D) recorded in the area of Praia Velha and Praia da Concha. Panoramic views of the outcrops and units of the Coimbra Formation in Praia da Concha (E) and Praia Velha (F). UA–UG, informal units of the Coimbra Formation. Modified from Duarte et al. (2008, 2014a, b).

Fig. 6 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Plesiosauria by "New Technology Search" method in TNT, depicting the position of Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) based on the matrix of Madzia and Cau ( 2020). Strict consensus tree of 237 most parsimonious cladograms with 1971 evolutionary steps. Numbers of each node indicate the Bremer support and the bootstrap frequencies over 50%.

Fig. 5 in A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Plesiosauria by traditional search method in TNT, depicting the position of Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. (ML2302) based on the matrix of Madzia and Cau (2020). Strict consensus tree of 950 000 most parsimonious cladograms with 1971 evolutionary steps. Numbers of each node indicate the Bremer support and the bootstrap frequencies over 50%.

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Fig. 3 in A large pterosaur femur from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic of Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

Fig. 3. Histological thin section of femur of indeterminate dsungaripteroid pterosaur species (SHN.013) from the Upper Jurassic, Praia da ArmoreiraPorto Novo Formation, Peniche, Portugal. A1, overview of the complete section, revealing densely vascularized, fibrolamellar bone tissue. Growth marks except for those forming an EFS) and secondary bone tissue are absent; A2, magnified part of the bone cortex. Here, an endosteal lamellar layer which lines the whole medullary cavity can be seen, as well as distinct Sharpey's fibers which run across the cortex, angled at 36º; A3, magnified part of the fibrolamellar bone tissue, showing a plexiform network of primary osteons. At the periosteal margin, an EFS is clearly visible; A4, detailed picture of the EFS. Abbreviation: EFS, external fundamental system.

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Fig. 2. A in A large pterosaur femur from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic of Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

Fig. 2. A partial proximal right femur of a large indeterminate dsungaripteroid pterosaur (SHN.013) from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, Praia da Armoreira-Porto Novo Formation, Peniche, Portugal. In ventral (posterior) (A1), dorsal (anterior) (A2), medial (A3), lateral (A4), distal (A3), and proximal A6) views; A7, drawing of the distal end showing the thickness of the cortex compared to the lumen. Note that the sketch is about twice the scale of the images. The red dashed lines in A2 and A3 indicate the site where the histological section was taken.

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Fig. 1 in A large pterosaur femur from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic of Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

Fig. 1. Geological overview of the locality of SHN.013 in Portugal. A. Map of Portugal, with a focus on the geology of the Peniche area. B. Close-up of the Atlantic coast near Peniche, showing the age of the sediments. C. Specimen excavation site, the arrow points towards the location of the specimen. D. SHN.013 at the moment of discovery, after removing the loose sediment to identify the extension of the bone at its distal end.