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FIGURES 13–16 in New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand

FIGURES 13–16. Eucriotettix anisyutkini sp. nov., female. 13, head and anterior part of pronotum, dorsal view; 14, apex of abdomen, lateral view; 15, the same, ventral view; 16, hind tarsus, lateral view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 43–46. Thoradonta apiculata, male body. 43 in New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand

FIGURES 43–46. Thoradonta apiculata, male body. 43, macropronotal morph, dorsal view; 44, the same, ventral view; 45, brachypronotal morph, dorsal view; 46, the same, ventral view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 36–42 in New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand

FIGURES 36–42. Scelimena bellula sp. nov. 36, alive male on the stone, dorsal view; 37, female head, frontal view; 38, the same, male; 39, apex of male abdomen, ventral view; 40, the same, lateral view; 41, apex of female abdomen, ventral view; 42, male hind tarsus, lateral view. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURES 1–3 in New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand

FIGURES 1–3. Cotysoides gaponi sp. nov., male. 1, body, dorsal view; 2, the same, lateral view; 3, head, frontal view. Scale bars 1 mm.

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Hormone profiles of the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, a species with XY female sex reversal.

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FIGURE 7 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 7. Type locality and habitat of Tegotettix derijei sp. n. A) View on Mt. Malambo, Barangay Datu Salumay, Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines, B) habitat on which the holotype specimen was collected in a montane tropical rainforest (about 1,175 m a.s.l.). Photographed by Romeo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 6 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 6. Morphological details of Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (holotype, female). A) head in frontal view, B) head in dorsal view, C) head in ventral view, D) head and prozona in lateral view, E)—fore femur, F)—mid femur, G) antenna, H) abdomen tip in lateral view, I) abdomen tip in ventral view, J) hind femur, K) hind tibia and tarsus. Photographed by Romeo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 5 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 5. Female holotype of Tegotettix derijei sp. n., with denoted pronotal projections (PM—promedial, MM—metamedial). The specimen is deposited in the Central Mindanao University, the Philippines. A) lateral and B) dorsal view. Photographed by Romeo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 4 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 4. Simplified biogeography of the genus Tegotettix in the islands of Oriental, Wallacean, and Papuan regions. This distribution map shows species of the genus Tegotettix and their accompanying species groups (marked by color, except for the new species which is marked red in the distribution map). Drawn by Josip Skejo.

FIGURE 1 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 1. The last record of Tegotettix armatus Hancock, 1913 is this female from Poring caught in 1996 (see text for more details). The specimen is identified by comparison with Günther (1937) drawing of T. armatus. A—lateral view, B—dorsal view, C—frontal view. Photo Josef Tumbrinck.

FIGURE 2 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 2. Undescribed species of Tegotettix, closely related to Tegotettix armatus, from Mt. Kiamo (8.253N, 125.158E), Malaybalay, Bukidnon region (Mindanao, the Philippines). A) dorsolateral view of the frontal side of the grasshopper, B) schematic map indicating the locality where the specimen was found, and C) lateral view on the specimen. Note the dentation of the fore and mid femora, as well as the armed, robust humeral angles (shoulders). Photographed by Kim-Lee Domingo (small figure) and Dale Joy Mohagan (large figure) on March 28th 2017 and reproduced with permission.

FIGURE 3 in Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao

FIGURE 3. An undescribed Tegotettix species from the Philippines (A, B, D) with very high fastigial horns, resembling T. sagittarius and T. corniculatus. Photographed in Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park (Negros Oriental) (C) on May 17th 2017 by Veronica Prudente and reproduced with her permission.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 8. Myosotis antarctica subsp. traillii photographs and distribution map. (a) Habit. (b, d) Rosette leaf tips: (b) adaxial and (d) abaxial sides. (c) Flower. (e) Nutlets. (f) Map of georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (35). Whie scale bars: 2 mm; black scale bars: 1 mm. Photo credits: a, e by J. M. Prebble (a: WELT SP100487, Tiwai Point, Southland, South Island; e: WELT SP104518, cultivated ex Mason Bay, Stewart Island). b, c © Te Papa by H. M. Meudt (b: WELT SP090544, Manihi Rd, Taranaki, North Island; c: WELT SP090629, Hukanui, Gisborne, North Island; d: WELT SP090631, Waipuna, Gisborne, North Island).

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 2. Maps of MaxEnt niche models for pygmy Myosotis in New Zealand and southern South America. (a) Myosotis glauca (light blue circles). (b) M. pygmaea (green circles). (c, h) M. "Volcanic Plateau" (grey triangles). (d) M. brevis (yellow cir-cles). (e) M. drucei (dark blue circles; excluding individuals identified as M. "Volcanic Plateau"). (f) M. drucei (dark blue circles) + M. pygmaea (green circles) + M. "Volcanic Plateau" (grey triangles) (g) M. antarctica (pink circles; Chilean locations), note scale is the same as for maps of New Zealand. a–f use models based on the nine-layer model (see Table 1), whereas g and h are based on the sevenlayer model.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 5. Myosotis glauca photographs and distribution map. (a) Habit. (b) Rosette leaves, adaxial and abaxial sides. (c) Calyces, left to right most to least mature. (d) Nutlets. (e) Map of georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (16). White scale bars: 2 mm; black scale bar: 1 mm. Photo credits: all by J. M. Prebble (WELT SP093285, Nevis Valley, Otago).

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 4. Myosotis brevis photographs and distribution map. (a) Habit. (b) Inflorescence showing cauline leaf abaxial side. (c) Inflorescence showing cauline leaf adaxial side, calyces, and flower. (d) Rosette leaf adaxial side showing colour morphs. (e) Flower. (f) Nutlet. (g) Map of georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (25). White scale bars: 2 mm; black scale bar: 1 mm. Photo credits: a–e © Te Papa by H. M. Meudt (a: WELT SP090549, Te Ikaamaru Bay, Wellington; b, c: WELT SP090545, Ngawi, Wairarapa; d: WELT SP090543, Stent Road, Taranaki; e: WELT SP090550, Ohau Bay, Wellington); f by J. M. Prebble (WELT SP090543, cultivated ex Stent Road, Taranaki).

Fig. 7. Myosotis antarctica subsp. antarctica. Illustration reproduced from Bot. Antarct. Voy. I in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 7. Myosotis antarctica subsp. antarctica. Illustration reproduced from Bot. Antarct. Voy. I. (Fl. Antarct.) Part I, plate 38 (Hooker 1844). Illustration by W. H. Fitch. This image is in the public domain, downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13448452#page/81/ mode/1up, accessed 8 June 2021). Draft pencil drawings for this figure are attached to the type specimen of M. antarctica (K0007878799; visible online at http:// apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode= K000787899, accessed 8 June 2021), which was collected by J. D. Hooker from Campbell Island.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 6. Myosotis antarctica subsp. antarctica photographs and distribution maps. (a, b) Habit. (c) Rosette leaves abaxial and adaxial sides. (d) Flower. (e) Nutlets. (f) Map of mainland New Zealand distribution based on georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (163). (g) Map of Campbell Island distribution based on georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (14). (h) Map of Chilean distribution based on georeferenced herbarium specimens observed by J. M. Prebble (2). White scale bars: 2 mm; black scale bars: 1 mm. Photo credits: a, c, e by J. M. Prebble (a: WELT SP102777, Mt Azimuth, Campbell Island; c: WELT SP093293, Port Hills, Canterbury, South Island E: WELT SP100466, cultivated ex Mt Peel, Western Nelson. South Island). b, d © Te Papa by H. M. Meudt (b: WELT SP106592, Matiri Range, Western Nelson, South Island; d: WELT SP107322, Mt Starveall, Western Nelson, South Island).

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 3. Plots displaying (a, c) omission and commission values and (b, d) area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) for two pygmy forget-me-not taxa: (a, b) M. "Volcanic Plateau" and (c, d) M. drucei, modelled using MaxEnt and all nine environmental layers for the New Zealand extent.

Fig. 1. Maps displaying all 290 in Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data

Fig. 1. Maps displaying all 290 occurrence points used for Myosotis pygmy species group niche modelling (Supplementary Table S1). Maps, clockwise from top: World, New Zealand, Campbell Island, and southern South America. Colour represents a priori species: M. antarctica (pink circles); M. drucei (dark blue circles); M. pygmaea (green circles); M. brevis (yellow circles); M. glauca (light blue circles); M. "Volcanic Plateau" (grey triangles).