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608 results for “Species recognition”
Sexual selection and species recognition promote complex male courtship displays in ungulates
<p>Identifying the evolutionary drivers of sexual signal complexity is a key challenge in the study of animal communication. Among mammals, male bovids and cervids often perform elaborate gestural displays during courtship, consisting of ritualized movements of various parts of the body but the causes underlying interspecific variation in complexity of such displays remain poorly understood. Here we apply the comparative method to investigate which factors may have either promoted or constrained gestural repertoire size. </p> <p>We found that sexual selection was a strong predictor of gestural display complexity in male bovids and cervids. Repertoire size was positively correlated with breeding group size, an indicator of the intensity of sexual selection on males. Moreover, repertoires were larger in species adopting non-territorial and lek breeding mating systems than in species adopting resource-defence territoriality, a finding that can be explained by more emphasis on direct benefits than indirect benefits in resource-defence systems, where male mating success may also be less skewed due to difficulty in monopolising mates.</p> <p>The results also indicate that gestural repertoire size was positively correlated with the number of closely-related species occurring in sympatry. This is consistent with display complexity being selected to facilitate species recognition during courtship and thereby avoid interspecific hybridization. At the same time, repertoire size was negatively associated with male body mass, possibly due to the energetic and mechanical constraints imposed on movements in very large species. By contrast, we found no evidence that the habitat drives selection for complex gestural courtship displays.</p>
DB3V: A Dialect Dominated Dataset of Bird Vocalisation for Cross-corpus Bird Species Recognition
<p>The first cross-corpus dataset that focuses on dialects in bird vocalisations. The DB3V comprises more than 25 hours of audio recordings from 10 bird species distributed across three distinct regions in the contiguous United States (CONUS).</p>
NLM-Gene, a richly annotated gold standard dataset for gene entities that addresses ambiguity and multi-species gene recognition
<p>The automatic recognition of gene names and their corresponding database identifiers in biomedical text is an important first step for many downstream text-mining applications. The NLM-Gene corpus is a high-quality manually annotated corpus for genes, covering ambiguous gene names, with an average of 29 gene mentions (10 unique identifiers) per article, and a broader representation of different species (including <i>Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Danio rerio,</i> etc.) when compared to previous gene annotation corpora. NLM-Gene consists of 550 PubMed articles from 156 biomedical journals, doubly annotated by six experienced NLM indexers, randomly paired for each article to control for bias. The annotators worked in three annotation rounds until they reached a complete agreement. Using the new resource, we developed a new gene finding algorithm based on deep learning which improved both on precision and recall from existing tools. The NLM-Gene annotated corpus is freely available at Dryad and at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/</a>. The gene finding results of applying this tool to the entire PubMed/PMC are freely accessible through our web-based tool PubTator.</p>
Patterns of genetic variation and morphology support the recognition of five species in the Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume (Ericaceae) group from mainland China
<p><em>Gaultheria</em> <em>leucocarpa</em> and its varieties form a clade of aromatic shrubs that is widely distributed in subtropical and East Asian tropical regions. The group is taxonomically difficult and is in need of thorough taxonomic investigation. This study focused on taxonomic delimitation within the <em>G. leucocarpa </em>group from mainland China. Field surveys covering the distributional range of <em>G. leucocarpa</em> in mainland China were conducted, wherein four populations from Yunnan and one from Hunan were found bearing visibly morphological and habitat differences. A 63-species phylogenetic tree of <em>Gaultheria</em> based on one nuclear and three chloroplast markers that included samples from the <em>G. leucocarpa</em> group was reconstructed with maximum likelihood to clarify the monophyly of the <em>G. leucocarpa</em> group. Taxonomic relationships among populations of the <em>G. leucocarpa</em> group were investigated with morphology and population genetics, the latter by using two chloroplast genes and two low-copy nuclear genes. Based on the sum of morphological and genetic analyses, we described three species of <em>Gaultheria</em> as new to science, clarified the taxonomic status of <em>G. leucocarpa</em> var. <em>pingbienensis</em>, elevating it to the species level, and resurrected <em>G</em>. <em>crenulata</em> and treated the varieties <em>G. leucocarpa </em>var<em>. crenulata</em>, and <em>G. leucocarpa </em>var<em>. yunnanensis</em> as synonyms of this species. We provide a key to the five species now recognized, along with descriptions and photographs.</p>
Data from: Recognition of endophytic Trichoderma species by leaf-cutting ants and their potential in a Trojan-horse management strategy
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Data from: Female mate preferences on high dimensional shape variation for male species recognition traits
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Alternative reproductive tactics in male freshwater fish influence the accuracy of species recognition
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Data from: Recent biological invasion shapes species recognition and aggressive behavior in a native species: a behavioral experiment using robots in the field
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Patterns of genetic variation and morphology support the recognition of five species in the Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume (Ericaceae) group from mainland China
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Data from: Bayesian species recognition and abundance estimation: Unravelling the mysteries of salmonid migration in the Teno River
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NLM-Gene, a richly annotated gold standard dataset for gene entities that addresses ambiguity and multi-species gene recognition
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Sexual selection and species recognition promote complex male courtship displays in ungulates
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Data from: Species recognition limits mating between hybridizing ant species
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Data from: Genomic and ecological divergence support recognition of a new species of endangered Satyrium butterfly (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
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R script: Species coexist more easily if reinforcement is based on habitat preferences than on species recognition
<p><b>1.</b> Maladaptive hybridization selects for prezygotic isolation, a process known as reinforcement. Reinforcement reduces gene flow and contributes to the final stage of speciation. Ecologically, however, coexistence of the incipient species is difficult if they initially use identical resources.</p> <p><b>2. </b>Habitat segregation offers an alternative to species discrimination as a way to reduce gene flow: production of unfit hybrids is reduced if mate encounters become rare due to differing habitat choice. Using a modelling approach, we show that hybridization avoidance alone can select for habitat specialization, even if neither of the species is intrinsically better at using a specific niche.</p> <p><b>3. </b>While habitat segregation and species discrimination both reduce the risk of producing unfit hybrids, these two isolation mechanisms differ from each other with respect to their effects on resource competition. Our model shows that, as a consequence of such differences, reinforcement evolves much more easily if hybridization is avoided based on habitat segregation than if the mechanism involves species recognition (mate choice traits).</p> <p><b>4.</b> We also examine the outcomes when both isolation mechanisms evolve jointly. The establishment of one isolation mechanism <i>a priori</i> weakens selection for the other. However, an asymmetry persists here too. The net effect of habitat segregation on species discrimination was typically facilitative, but not vice versa. This asymmetry arises because habitat segregation, by enhancing coexistence, secures time for the subsequent evolution of species discrimination in a mate choice context (still relevant if habitat use is not perfectly segregated). Species discrimination does not have such a stabilizing effect on coexistence.</p> <p><b>5.</b> Our results emphasize the importance of habitat segregation in reinforcement, and offer a way to interpret findings where closely related taxa show similar performance on different resources or in different habitats. Studies of ecological generalization and specialization should therefore take into account that niche differences can be initiated and/or maintained by hybridization avoidance.</p>
Data from: Fine-scale kin recognition in the absence of social familiarity in the Siberian jay, a monogamous bird species
Kin recognition is a critical element to kin cooperation, and in vertebrates, it is primarily based on associative learning. Recognition of socially unfamiliar kin occurs rarely, and it is reported only in vertebrate species where promiscuity prevents recognition of first-order relatives. However, it is unknown whether the recognition of socially unfamiliar kin can evolve in monogamous species. Here, we investigate whether genetic relatedness modulates aggression among group members in Siberian jays (Perisoreus infaustus). This bird species is genetically and socially monogamous and lives in groups that are formed through the retention of offspring beyond independence, and the immigration of socially unfamiliar nonbreeders. Observations on feeders showed that genetic relatedness modulated aggression of breeders towards immigrants in a graded manner, in that they chased most intensely the immigrant group members that were genetically the least related. However, cross-fostering experiments showed that breeders were equally tolerant towards their own and cross-fostered young swapped as nestlings. Thus, breeders seem to use different mechanisms to recognize socially unfamiliar individuals and own offspring. As Siberian jays show a high degree of nepotism during foraging and predator encounters, inclusive fitness benefits may play a role for the evolution of fine-scale kin recognition. More generally, our results suggest that fine-graded kin recognition can evolve independently of social familiarity, highlighting the evolutionary importance of kin recognition for social species.
Data from: Song recognition and heterospecific associations between two fairy-wren species (Maluridae)
Although heterospecific associations beneficial to one or both species involved (e.g. commensalisms or mutualisms) are common, it is generally assumed that interactions between species are transient and not particular to individuals. However, long-term interactions between individuals of different species do occur. In such heterospecific social groups, discrimination between heterospecific individuals may be beneficial, allowing individuals to direct beneficial or aggressive behaviors towards appropriate targets. Here we describe heterospecific groups composed of splendid and variegated fairy-wrens (Malurus splendens and M. lamberti) and provide the first experimental evidence that recognition of heterospecific group members occurs across species. In these species, family groups live on overlapping territories and co-defend shared territories against both heterospecific and conspecific intruders. Individuals on shared territories were frequently observed traveling and foraging together. Socially dominant males of both species responded more aggressively to songs of neighboring and foreign heterospecific fairy-wrens than they did to those of their co-resident heterospecifics. Although splendid fairy-wrens did not change their behavior when associating with heterospecifics, variegated fairy-wrens spent more time foraging, were less vigilant, had greater first-nest fledging success, and fewer extra-group young. These findings suggest heterospecific associations between these two species benefit the variegated fairy-wren. Our findings are novel and show that recognition and discrimination among individuals, often considered a prerequisite for conspecific cooperation, can occur across species.
Data from: Does competitive interaction drive species recognition in a house mouse secondary contact zone?
Miscommunication may induce a high risk of unnecessary escalated fights between competitors (populations to species), resulting in selection favoring signal divergence through agonistic character displacement (ACD). When signals allowing discrimination between competitors are also involved in mate recognition, ACD could explain reproductive character displacement (RCD). We tested interference competition between males as a potential driver of RCD (here, subspecies recognition) in a secondary contact zone between two mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus) displaying asymmetric dominance. Since such asymmetry could create a conflict between subspecies (compatibility) and quality (dominance) recognition in the contact zone, we tested for geographic variation in female preference for dominant males in the subordinate subspecies, musculus. We assessed competition between males and tested ACD during dyadic encounters comparing behavior displayed during trials between heterosubspecifics originating from populations close to the secondary contact ("contact") and further away ("allopatric"). We also compared behavior of contact versus allopatric males during homosubspecific versus heterosubspecific trials to test whether subspecies discrimination evolved under competitive interference. Although domesticus dominated most heterosubspecific trials regardless of geographic origin, agonistic behavior was more marked (i.e., lower attack latencies) during contact than allopatric encounters, suggesting that ACD occurred. Comparing behavior during homosubspecific and heterosubspecific encounters, only allopatric musculus displayed differences, that is, higher attack latencies toward heterosubspecifics, indicating that discrimination between competitors did not evolve with ACD. Finally, although allopatric musculus females seemed to prefer dominant males, their contact counterparts did not, suggesting that "compatibility" may have outweighed "quality" under a risk of hybridization.
Data from: Genetic and morphometric evidence for the recognition of several recently synonymized species of trans-Andean Rhamdia (Pisces: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)
A recent taxonomic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Rhamdia (Pisces: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) reduced a number of described species to synonymy, especially under a broadly circumscribed R. quelen. Evidence is presented here from DNA sequence data, external morphology, and morphometrics that argues for the recognition of R. guatemalensis in Central and northern South America and R. saijaensis and R. cinerascens in the Pacific drainages of Colombia and Ecuador, respectively. The DNA data indicate that all trans-Andean samples form a monophyletic group, within which there are separate clades corresponding to R. laticauda and the synonymized R. guatemalensis, R. saijaensis, and R. cinerascens. The morphometric data substantiate the phylogenetic groupings, and in external morphology, each putative species has diagnostic characters. Rhamdia guatemalensis is characterized by insertion of the adipose fin closer to the dorsal fin than to the caudal fin and presence of a conspicuous lateral longitudinal dark band; R. saijaensis is characterized by a small head with head length 20.8–23.4% of standard length and by lacking a lateral longitudinal band; and R. cinerascens is characterized by a large head with head length 25.8–30.1% of standard length, base of the adipose fin 30.3–33.3% of standard length, outer mental barbels extending to the base of the pectoral rays, and presence of a faint lateral longitudinal band. The external morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships indicate that these groups are both recognizable and represent independent lineages, which argue for their recognition as species.
Data from: Divergence in female damselfly sensory structures is consistent with a species recognition function but shows no evidence of reproductive character displacement
Males and females transmit and receive signals prior to mating that convey information such as sex, species identity, or individual condition. In some animals, tactile signals relayed during physical contact between males and females before and during mating appear to be important for mate choice or reproductive isolation. This is common among odonates, when a male grasps a female's thorax with his terminal appendages prior to copulation, and the female subsequently controls whether copulation occurs by bending her abdomen to complete intromission. It has been hypothesized that mechanosensory sensilla on the female thoracic plates mediate mating decisions, but is has been difficult to test this idea. Here, we use North American damselflies in the genus Enallagma (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) to test the hypothesis that variation in female sensilla traits is important for species recognition. Enallagma anna and E. carunculatum hybridize in nature, but experience strong reproductive isolation as a consequence of divergence in male terminal appendage morphology. We quantified several mechanosensory sensilla phenotypes on the female thorax among multiple populations of both species and compared divergence in these traits in sympatry versus allopatry. Although these species differed in features of sensilla distribution within the thoracic plates, we found no strong evidence of reproductive character displacement among the sensilla traits we measured in regions of sympatry. Our results suggest that species‐specific placement of female mechanoreceptors may be sufficient for species recognition, although other female sensory phenotypes might have diverged in sympatry to reduce interspecific hybridization.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.