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599 results for “Volatile”
Volatile social environments can favour investments in quality over quantity of social relationships
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Data for: Drought impairs herbivore-induced volatiles, but not through constraints on newly assimilated carbon
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Effect of water availability on volatile-mediated communication between potato plants in response to insect herbivory
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Two <em>Metschnikowia</em> nectar yeast species have similar volatile profiles, but elicit differential foraging in bee pollinators
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Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour
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Soil microbe-induced plant volatiles can alert neighboring plants for tolerating heavy metal stress
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Determination of volatile substances in olives and their effect on reproduction of the olive fruit fly
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Data for: Field evidence for the role of plant volatiles induced by caterpillar oral secretion in prey localization by predatory social wasps
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Impact of Helicoverpa zea salivary GOX on stomatal conductance and volatile emission of host plants
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Data from: Host egg volatiles are involved in brood parasitism in predatory mites
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Leaf flammbility and volatiles of Ginkgo, Agathis, and Dicksonia
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Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
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Haplopappus floral volatiles, flower visitors' preferences, and floral-visitors interaction outcomes along an Andean elevational gradient
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Plant volatiles induced by herbivore eggs prime defenses and mediate shifts in the reproductive strategy of receiving plants
<p>Plants can detect cues associated with the risk of future herbivory and modify defense phenotypes accordingly; however, our current understanding is limited both with respect to the range of early warning cues to which plants respond and the nature of the responses. Here we report that exposure to volatile emissions from plant tissues infested with herbivore eggs promotes stronger defense responses to subsequent herbivory in two Brassica species. Furthermore, exposure to these volatile cues elicited an apparent shift from growth to reproduction in Brassica nigra, with exposed plants exhibiting increased flower and seed production, but reduced leaf production, relative to unexposed controls. Our results thus document plant defense priming in response to a novel environmental cue, oviposition-induced plant volatiles, while also showing that plant responses to early warning cues can include changes in both defense and life-history traits.</p>
Data from: Allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds released from Pinus halepensis needles and roots
The Mediterranean region is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, over the last decades, the cessation of traditional farming in the north part of Mediterranean basin has given way to strong afforestation leading to occurrence of abandoned agricultural lands colonized by pioneer expansionist species like Pinus halepensis. This pine species is known to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites and previous studies have demonstrated strong allelopathic potentialities of its needle and root leachates. Pinus halepensis is also recognized to release significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with potential allelopathic effects that has never been investigated. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to improve our knowledge about the VOC released from P. halepensis needles and roots, determine if these VOC affect the seed germination and root growth of two herbaceous target species (Lactuca sativa and Linum strictum), and evaluate if soil microorganisms modulate the potential allelopathic effects of these VOC. Thirty terpenes were detected from both needle and root emissions with β-caryophyllene as the major volatile. Numerous terpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, -terpinene or -pinene showed higher headspace concentrations according to the gradient green needles < senescent needles < needle litter. Seed germination and root growth of the two target species were mainly reduced in presence of P. halepensis VOC. In strong contrast with the trend reported with needle leachates in literature, we observed an increasing inhibitory effect of P. halepensis VOC with the progress of needle physiological stages (i.e. green needle < senescent needle < needle litter). Surprisingly, several inhibitory effects observed on filter paper were also found or even amplified when natural soil was used as a substrate, highlighting that soil microorganisms do not necessarily limit the negative effects of VOC released by P. halepensis on herbaceous target species.
Data from: Relation between 20-year income volatility and brain health in midlife: the CARDIA study
Objective: Income volatility presents a growing public health threat. To our knowledge, no previous study examined the relationship between income volatility, cognitive function and brain integrity. Methods: We studied 3,287 participants aged 23 to 35 years in 1990 from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults prospective cohort study. Income volatility data were created using income data collected from 1990 to 2010 and defined as standard deviation of percent change in income and number of income drops >=25% (categorized as 0, 1, or 2+). In 2010, cognitive tests (n=3,287) and brain scans (n=716) were obtained. Results: After covariate adjustment, higher income volatility was associated with worse performances on processing speed (β=-1.09, 95%CI=-1.73, -0.44) and executive functioning (β=2.53, 95%CI:0.60, 4.50) but not on verbal memory (β=-0.02, 95%CI:-0.16, 0.11). Similarly, additional income drops were associated with worse performances on processing speed and executive functioning. Higher income volatility and more income drops were also associated with worse microstructural integrity of total brain and total white matter. All findings were similar when restricted to those with high education, suggesting reverse causation may not explain these findings. Conclusion: Income volatility over a 20-year period of formative earning years was associated with worse cognitive function and brain integrity in midlife.
Data from: Fungal volatiles influence plant defence against aboveground and belowground herbivory
<ol> <li>Plants have evolved resistance traits that negatively affect attackers, and tolerance traits that sustain plant growth despite herbivore damage. These mechanisms often co-occur in a mixed-defence strategy, balancing resistance and tolerance. These plant defences can be enhanced upon interaction with soil microorganisms.</li> <li>Here, we investigated the effects of volatiles emitted by soil-borne fungi on plant defence to insect herbivory, and on plant phenology.</li> <li>We exposed roots of <i>Brassica rapa </i>plants to volatiles emitted by four soil-borne fungi. As a proxy of plant resistance, we assessed the performance of <i>Pieris brassicae</i>, a caterpillar feeding on leaves and inflorescences, and of <i>Delia radicum</i>, an insect root herbivore. As a proxy of plant tolerance, we compared growth of volatile-exposed plants challenged with or without insects. Additionally, we assessed the effects on plant phenology by recording bolting time and by counting the number of buds and flowers.</li> <li>Plant exposure to fungal volatiles differentially affected plant resistance to above- and belowground herbivory. Performance of <i>P. brassicae</i> caterpillars differed between the fungal volatile-exposed plants but were variable between experimental batches. In contrast, the effects of fungal volatiles on <i>D. radicum</i> performance was predominantly negative, indicating an increased plant resistance. Despite root consumption by <i>D. radicum</i>, root dry weight remained unchanged in infested plants compared with uninfested ones, irrespectively of the volatile exposure, suggesting compensation for the tissue loss, sometimes at the cost of undamaged aboveground tissues. When<i> B. rapa</i> plants were attacked by <i>P. brassicae</i> caterpillars, only exposure to volatiles of some fungi led to compensation for the loss of aboveground tissues consumed by the caterpillars, which differed between leaves and inflorescences. Furthermore, bolting was accelerated in response to volatiles of some fungi, resulting in more buds and flowers, which suggests a potential enhancement of plant fitness.</li> <li>Our data show that fungal volatiles can modulate the mixed-defence strategies of <i>B. rapa</i> plants, balancing plant resistance and tolerance to above- and belowground herbivory. These effects may be variable and were fungus-specific. Ultimately, plant fitness may be enhanced upon root exposure to fungal volatiles. <p> </p> </li> </ol>
Home is where the heart rot is: Violet click beetle, Limoniscus violaceus (Müller, 1821), habitat attributes and volatiles
<p>The decreasing number of veteran trees in Europe threatens old-growth habitats and the fauna they support. This includes rare taxa, such as the violet click beetle, <i>Limoniscus violaceus</i> (Müller, 1821).</p> <p>Samples of wood mould were taken from all beech trees in Windsor Forest previously confirmed to have contained <i>L. violaceus</i> larvae, and from trees where <i>L. violaceus</i> had not previously been detected, the latter categorised as having high, medium or low likelihood of containing the beetle during recent surveys. Habitat characteristics were measured, and volatile profiles determined using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry.</p> <p>Water content significantly differed between tree hollows of different<i> </i>violet click beetle status, high-potential habitats having higher and relatively stable water content compared with habitats with medium or low potential of beetle occupancy. Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were significantly associated with <i>L. violaceus</i> habitats. No differences in other characteristics were detected.</p> <p>The distinction in water regime between habitats highlights that recording this quantitatively could improve habitat surveys. Several potential <i>L. violaceus</i> attractant VOCs were identified. These could potentially be integrated into existing monitoring strategies, such as through volatile-baited emergence traps or volatile-based surveying of habitats, for more efficient population monitoring of the beetle.</p>
Targeting diamondback moth in greenhouses by attracting specific native parasitoids with herbivory-induced plant volatiles
<p>We investigated whether recruitment of specific parasitoids using a specific blend of synthetic herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) could be a novel method of pest control in greenhouses. In the Miyama rural area in Kyoto, Japan,diamondback moth (DBM) (<i>Plutella xylostella</i>) larvae are an important pest of cruciferous crops in greenhouses, and <i>Cotesia vestalis</i>, a larval parasitoid of DBM, are found in the surrounding areas. Dispensers of HIPVs that attracted <i>C. vestalis</i> and honey feeders were set inside greenhouses (treated greenhouses). The monthly incidence of DBM in the treated greenhouses was significantly lower than that in the untreated greenhouses across a two-year period. The monthly incidences of <i>C. vestalis</i> and DBM were not significantly different in the untreated greenhouses, whereas the monthly incidence of <i>C. vestalis</i> was significantly higher than that of DBM in the treated greenhouses. Poisson regression analyses showed that, in both years, a significantly higher number of <i>C. vestalis</i> was recorded in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses when the number of DBM adults increased. We concluded that DBM was suppressed more effectively by <i>C. vestalis</i> in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses.</p>
Separating direct and indirect effects of rising temperatures on biogenic volatile emissions in the Arctic
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from biogenic sources in a temperature-dependent manner. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems are expected to greatly increase their VOC emissions with ongoing climate warming, which is proceeding at twice the rate of global temperature rise. Here, we show that ongoing warming has strong, increasing effects on Arctic VOC emissions. Using a combination of statistical modelling on data from several warming experiments in the Arctic tundra and dynamic ecosystem modelling, we separate the impacts of temperature and soil moisture into direct effects and indirect effects through vegetation composition and biomass alterations. The indirect effects of warming on VOC emissions were significant, but smaller than the direct effects. Furthermore, vegetation changes also cause shifts in the chemical speciation of the emissions. Both direct and indirect effects result in large geographic differences in VOC emission responses in the warming Arctic, depending on the local vegetation cover and the climate dynamics. Our results outline complex links between local climate, vegetation, and ecosystem-atmosphere interactions, with likely local-to-regional impacts on the atmospheric composition.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.