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Dataset of Concurrent EEG, ECG, and Behavior with Multiple Doses of transcranial Electrical Stimulation-Exp1-Data Downsampled
<p><strong>GX Dataset downsampled - Experiment 1</strong></p> <p>The GX Dataset is a dataset of combined tES, EEG, physiological, and behavioral signals from human subjects.<br>Here the GX Dataset for <strong>Experiment 1</strong> is downsampled to 1 kHz and saved in .MAT format which can be used in both MATLAB and Python.</p> <p><strong>Publication</strong></p> <p>A full data descriptor is published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01046-y">Nature Scientific Data</a>. <strong>Please cite this work as</strong>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Gebodh, N., Esmaeilpour, Z., Datta, A. et al. Dataset of concurrent EEG, ECG, and behavior with multiple doses of transcranial electrical stimulation. Sci Data 8, 274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01046-y</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Descriptions</strong></p> <p>A dataset combining high-density electroencephalography (EEG) with physiological and continuous behavioral metrics during transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Data includes within subject application of nine High-Definition tES (HD-tES) types targeted three brain regions (frontal, motor, parietal) with three waveforms (DC, 5Hz, 30Hz), with more than 783 total stimulation trials over 62 sessions with EEG, physiological (ECG, EOG), and continuous behavioral vigilance/alertness metrics.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>Portions of this study were funded by X (formerly Google X), the Moonshot Factory. The funding source had no influence on study conduction or result evaluation. MB is further supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health: R01NS101362, R01NS095123, R01NS112996, R01MH111896, R01MH109289, and (to NG) NIH-G-RISE T32GM136499.</p> <p><strong>Extras</strong></p> <p>Back to <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4456079">Full GX Dataset</a> : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4456079</p> <p> </p> <p>For downsampled data (1 kHz ) please see (in .mat format):</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840614">Experiment 1</a> : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840614</li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840616">Experiment 2</a> : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3840616</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Code used to import, process, and plot this dataset can be found here:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/ngebodh/GX_tES_EEG_Physio_Behavior">GitHub</a> : <a href="https://github.com/ngebodh/GX_tES_EEG_Physio_Behavior">https://github.com/ngebodh/GX_tES_EEG_Physio_Behavior</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Additional figures for this project have been shared on Figshare. Trial-wise figures can be found here:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Dataset_of_Concurrent_EEG_ECG_and_Behavior_with_Multiple_Doses_of_transcranial_Electrical_Stimulation-_Stimulation_Trials_PSD/14810517">PSD</a>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810517.v1">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810517.v1</a></li> <li><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Dataset_of_Concurrent_EEG_ECG_and_Behavior_with_Multiple_Doses_of_transcranial_Electrical_Stimulation-_Stimulation_Trials_Topoplots/14810478">Topoplots During Stimulation:</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810478">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810478</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810442.v1">Voltage timeseries, spectrogram and behavior:</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810442">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14810442.v1</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The full dataset is also provided in <a href="https://bids.neuroimaging.io/">BIDS</a> format here:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.18112/openneuro.ds003670.v1.1.0">Data in BIDS format:</a> https://doi.org/10.18112/openneuro.ds003670.v1.1.0</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data License </strong><br><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Common 4.0 with attribution (CC BY 4.0)</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NOTE</strong></p> <p><strong>Please email ngebodh01@citymail.cuny.edu with any questions.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><br><strong>Updates</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Version 2.1.0</strong> <ul> <li>Behavioral data (ptracker) adjusted for all files. Previous version had one participant's data overwriting all behavioral data when downsampled. Mat format now explicitly >v7.3 </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Version 2</strong> <ul> <li>Stimulation trigger labels now adjusted. Previous labels were missmatched for Experiment 1's data. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Behavior of Telecommunication Lattice Towers to Thunderstorm Winds
<h1>Dataset Description</h1> <p>This work aims at closing the knowledge gap between the wind field monitoring of real structures and wind tunnel testing by simulating real atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and thunderstorm events in the Wind Energy, Environment, Engineering (WindEEE) research facility. The real events were acquired by a wind and structural monitoring system installed on a 50 m telecommunication lattice tower located in Sânnicolau Mare, Romania. The study reproduces complex downburst wind systems, in a controlled laboratory environment, like those observed in the field monitoring. The wind-induced response of two typical telecommunication lattice towers of different heights, i.e. 50 m and 90 m is investigated by means of both aerodynamic and aeroelastic tests. The acquired data will allow to compare and calibrate wind tunnel test results with field monitoring structural data measured during intense ABL and thunderstorm winds by the Sânnicolau Mare monitoring system. This extends the wind field and aerodynamic database which can be further utilized for codification purposes and for validating numerical and analytical models. The proposed work aims to advance code-based design of telecom lattice towers to thunderstorm winds.</p> <p>This work involved three areas of testing – wind field characterization to determine the best settings to match full scale / realistic wind loads, aeroelastic tests of both a 90m and 50m full towers (1:100 scale) using strain gauges as well as force balances, and a 1:10 sectional model of the top of the 50m tower to study the aerodynamics of the tower both with and without ancillaries added</p> <p> </p> <h2>S0. Documentation</h2> <p>Contains information documents regarding the instrumentation specifications, test plan, and other important diagrams.</p> <p> </p> <h2>S1. Wind Profile Stand</h2> <p>A vertical stand of 11 TFI cobra probes measured wind field data at heights of 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 mm from the ground surface. For each experiment described below, the Cobra Probe stand was located in select locations to capture the near-surface flow.</p> <h3>E1. ABL Profile Development</h3> <p>The 60-fan wall located on one side of the hexagonal shaped WindEEE test chamber was used to generate the various ABL flows for this experiment. Each fan on this wall is individually controlled allowing a versatile range of ABL flow conditions. In addition, the ABL flow turbulence and boundary layer gradient were fine-tuned using roughness elements and spires.</p> <h3>E2. Downburst Profile Development</h3> <p>An impinging-jet style downburst is generated at the WindEEE dome through the release of pressure from a plenum above the testing chamber. The plenum is pressurized with six large fans for an adjustable amount of time or until a certain pressure is achieved. The built pressure then releases through a bell mouth with variable orifice sizes, D, to achieve a rapid downdraft of air. Given WindEEE’s unique 3-D test chamber, measurements were taken at various angles, theta, and radius, r, from the centre of the bell mouth. Commonly, these measurement locations are indicated by a non-dimensional parameter, r/D, and the angle, ϑ (theta).</p> <h3>E3. Combined Downburst and ABL Profile Development</h3> <p>With the unique capability of the WindEEE test chamber, profile measurements were taken while operating various combinations of the ABL and downburst-like flow configurations. The natural occurrence of a downburst in a storm acted as a driver for this segment of profile development.</p> <h3>E4. Downburst with Radial Trip Profile Development</h3> <p>For this test, wooden trips about 15cm tall were evenly placed all around the edge of the turntable. The downburst-like flow was generated similar to the downburst profile development section.</p> <p> </p> <h2>S2. 1-100 Scaled 50m Lattice Tower Model (T50)</h2> <p>This specimen included a triangular lattice tower of 50m built to a scale of 1:100. The model was made from a mixture of stainless-steel tubing for the spines and bracing elements while the joints were made from 3D printed PolyJet material. The models were fastened to a steel base measuring 14 by 14cm that is 1.27cm thick. A gradual ramp that sloped at a 1:12 angle was placed around this base extending 30.48cm. The model was placed on a mobile setup to be placed in experiment specific locations, as described below.</p> <h3>E1. ABL Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 1.</p> <h3>E2. Downburst Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 2.</p> <h3>E3. Combined Downburst and ABL Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 3.</p> <h3>E4. Downburst with Radial Trip Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 4.</p> <p> </p> <h2>S3. 1-100 Scaled 90m Lattice Tower Model (T90)</h2> <p>This specimen included a triangular lattice tower of 50m built to a scale of 1:100. The model was made from a mixture of stainless-steel tubing for the spines and bracing elements while the joints were made from 3D printed PolyJet material. The models were fastened to a steel base measuring 14 by 14cm that is 1.27cm thick. A gradual ramp that sloped at a 1:12 angle was placed around this base extending 30.48cm. The model was placed on a mobile setup to be placed in experiment specific locations, as described below.</p> <h3>E1. ABL Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 1.</p> <h3>E2. Downburst Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 2.</p> <h3>E3. Combined Downburst and ABL Wind Load</h3> <p>The described specimen was tested under wind profiles developed from Specimen 1, Experiment 3.</p> <p> </p> <h2>S4. Aerodynamic lattice tower sectional model</h2> <p>This specimen included a 1 m tall section of the top of the 50 m tower at a scale of 1:10. It is constructed of brass, steel, 3D printed nylon, PolyJet 3-D printed material, and steel screws. The antennas, railing and central ladder are all removable. The model was mounted on a rig made up of a 12.7 cm diameter steel pipe and a wooden base plate. The rig stands 60cm tall so that the model is above the sheared surface flow. The base and top plates of the rig were 90cm in diameter. The experiments were performed with three different configurations of the model.</p> <h3>E1. Aerodynamics of the Bare structure without Top Plate</h3> <p>During this test, the model was measured as a bare structure (no antennas, ladders, or other components). The model was tested under ABL flow to outline the aerodynamic effects of the baseline model.</p> <h3>E2. Aerodynamics of the Structure with Top Plate</h3> <p>During this test, a top plate hovered over the model for the entirety of the test program. This plate encourages 2-D flow properties in ABL flow to mimic aerodynamic properties seen in horizontal testing in traditional wind tunnels.</p> <h3>E3. Aerodynamics of the Structure with Ancillary Components</h3> <p>During this test, ancillary components including ladders, railing, and antenna were attached to the model. These items act to increase the frontal area of the model which are expected to change the aerodynamic properties of the model.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Given the number of data files captured in this program, the files required to be uploaded in compressed '.zip' folders.</p>
Zebra finches increase social behavior in traffic noise: implications for urban songbirds
<p>Statistical code & datasets for "Zebra finches increase social behavior in traffic noise: implications for urban songbirds" manuscript submitted to <em>Acta ethologica. </em>Also includes audio file for traffic noise playback in described experiment. </p>
Social behavior among nocturnally migrating birds revealed by automated moonwatching
<p>Migrating birds often fly in group formations during the daytime; whereas at night, it is generally presumed that they fly singly. However, it is difficult to quantify group behavior during nocturnal migration as there are few means of directly observing interactions among individuals. We employed an automated form of moonwatching to estimate percentages of birds that appear to migrate in groups during the night within the Central Flyway of North America. We compared percentages of birds in groups across the spring and fall and examined overnight temporal patterns of group behavior. We found groups were rare in both seasons, never exceeding 10% of birds observed, and were almost nonexistent during the fall. We also observed an overnight pattern of group behavior in the spring wherein groups were more commonly detected early in the night and again just before migration activity ceased. This finding may be related to changes in species composition of migrants throughout the night, or alternatively it suggests that group formation may be associated with flocking activity on the ground as groups are most prevalent when birds begin and end a night of migration.</p>
Snow flies self-amputate freezing limbs to sustain behavior at sub-zero temperatures
<p><span>All living things are profoundly affected by temperature. In spite of the thermodynamic constraints on biology, some animals have evolved to live and move in extremely cold environments. Here, we investigate behavioral mechanisms of cold tolerance in the snow fly (<em>Chionea</em> spp.), a flightless crane fly that is active throughout the winter in boreal and alpine environments of the northern hemisphere. Using thermal imaging, we show that adult snow flies maintain the ability to walk down to an average body temperature of -7 °C. At this supercooling limit, ice crystallization occurs within the snow fly's hemolymph and rapidly spreads throughout the body, resulting in death. However, we discovered that snow flies frequently survive freezing by rapidly amputating legs before ice crystallization can spread to their vital organs. Self-amputation of freezing limbs is a last-ditch tactic to prolong survival in frigid conditions that few animals can endure. Understanding the extreme physiology and behavior of snow insects is important at this moment when the alpine ecosystems they inhabit are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic climate change.</span></p>
Behavior-relevant top-down cross-modal predictions in mouse neocortex
<p>Simultaneously recorded S1 and PPC neuronal population activity from awake mice during a texture discrimination task. Data acquired with two-photon calcium imaging.</p>
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE (CBQ)
<p>This document is a citizenship behaviour questionnaire. This document consists of citizenship behaviour and the perception about democracy questions. This document was given to University students in Indonesia.</p>
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF NOCTURNAL MAMMALS OF TAITA HILLS, KENYA
<p>Sound samples from PhD dissertation by Hanna Rosti</p><p>These sound samples include calls of following species</p><p>S1 Paragalago rondoensis, Saadani National Park, Tanzania, recorded by C. Hemp</p><p>S2 Paragalago orinus, Pugu Tanzania, recorded by A. Perkin</p><p>S3 Paragalago cocos, Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S4 Paragalago zanzibaricus zanzibaricus, Zanzibar, Jozani, Tanzania, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S5 Paragalago zanzibaricus udzunwensis, Matundu, recorded by P. Honess</p><p>S6 Paragalago granti, Mdimba, Tanzania, recorded by S. Bearder</p><p>S7 Taita dwarf galago from Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S8 Taita dwarf galago from Ngangao forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S9 Paragalago cocos, Diani Beach Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S10 Taita tree hyrax singing, Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S11 Long 22 min recording of Taita tree hyrax singing, Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S12 Rock hyrax song, Israel. Recorded by A. Ilany</p><p>S13 Strangled thwack from Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S14 Dendrohyrax arboreus calls from Nanuyki, Kenia, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S15 Dendrohyrax dorsalis calls from Ostrava Zoo, Czechia, recorded by H. Rosti</p>
Foraging behavior of tagged rock ants (Temnothorax rugatulus)
<p><span>Technological advances continue to push the boundaries of scientific inquiry in animal behavior. One such development is the emergence of automated tracking systems, which enable the collection of high-resolution spatio-temporal information for animals. Although tag-based tracking systems provide valuable insights into animal movement and collective behavior, the attachment of devices can have detrimental effects in some cases. Here, we investigated the effects of recently developed miniature tracking tags using the rock ant, </span><em><span>Temnothorax rugatulus</span></em><span>, as a model system. To do so, we compared the foraging activities of tagged ants and untagged ants (who lost their tags) within initially fully-tagged colonies. Additionally, we compared the foraging activities of these initially fully-tagged colonies with those of no-tag control colonies (no one was tagged). We found that tags did not significantly reduce individual activity, with tagged ants visiting the food source as frequently as untagged ants within initially fully-tagged colonies. However, our analysis revealed a marked difference in recruitment behavior—tagged ants were less likely to participate in tandem runs than untagged ants. Furthermore, the number of tandem runs was higher for the no-tag control colonies than the initially fully-tagged colonies, in which 69–95% of colony members had tags. Our data suggest, for the first time, that tracking tags can negatively impact ant behavior. Although tracking devices are powerful tools for understanding complex behavioral patterns, it is crucial to carefully consider their potential impact on animal behavior to ensure accurate conclusions.</span></p>
Constitutive behavior of olivine gouge across the brittle-ductile transition
<p>The bottom of the lithosphere is characterized by a thermally controlled transition from brittle to ductile deformation. While the mechanical behavior of rocks firmly within the brittle and ductile regimes is relatively well understood, how the transition operates remains elusive. Here, we study the mechanical properties of pure olivine gouge from 100 to 500ºC under 100 MPa pore-fluid pressure in a triaxial deformation apparatus as a proxy for the mechanical properties of the upper mantle across the brittle-ductile transition. We describe the mechanical data with a rate-, state-, and temperature-dependent constitutive law with multiple thermally activated deformation mechanisms. The stress power exponents decrease from 70±10 in the brittle regime to 17±3 and 4±2 in the semi-brittle and ductile regimes, respectively. The mechanical model consistently explains the mechanical behavior of olivine gouge across the brittle-ductile transition, capturing the gradual evolution from cataclasis to crystal plasticity.</p>
Dataset: Behavior of Participants in Hands-on Cybersecurity Training Suitable for Process Mining
<p>This repository contains supplementary materials for the following journal paper:</p> <p>Radek Ošlejšek, Martin Macák, Karolína Dočkalová Burská.<br><em>Hands-on cybersecurity training behavior data for process mining.</em><br>In Elsevier Data in Brief. 2023.<br>Available as open-access article on <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109956">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109956</a></p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>Datasets store event logs of trainees participating in hands-on cybersecurity exercises organized in the <a href="https://www.kypo.cz">KYPO Cyber Range</a>. The data includes training scenarios (expected behavior), raw event logs in the JSON format, and aggregated behavioral data suitable for process mining analysis.</p> <ol> <li><strong>Data1:</strong> A dataset of 52 trainees participating in the <a href="https://gitlab.ics.muni.cz/muni-kypo-trainings/games/locust-3302">Locust 3302</a> exercise adapted an insider attack scenario. No time restrictions were posed on playtime. The data file is structured as follows: <ul> <li>training_definition.json: The exercise content – cybersecurity tasks and hints. The training is based on the <a href="https://gitlab.ics.muni.cz/muni-kypo-trainings/games/locust-3302">Locust 3302</a> game adapted to an insider attack scenario.</li> <li>training_events: Recorded progress of trainees within the exercise, i.e., the status of completing tasks.</li> <li>command_histories: Recorded commands executed on network hosts.</li> <li>process_mining.csv: Complete PM-ready dataset suitable for process discovery or conformance analysis.</li> <li>process_mining_simplified.csv : Reduced PM-ready dataset with semantically identical events being removed.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Data2:</strong> A dataset of 48 trainees participating in the original <a href="https://gitlab.ics.muni.cz/muni-kypo-trainings/games/locust-3302">Locust 3302</a> exercise. Three supervised training sessions were restricted to two hours of playtime. The structure follows the structure of Data1.</li> <li><strong>Tool:</strong> A Java application used to aggregate raw JSON data and transform them into a CSV format suitable for process mining techniques.</li> </ol> <p><strong>How to cite</strong></p> <p>If you use or build upon the materials, please use the BibTeX entry below to cite the original work.</p> <pre><code>@article{Oslejsek2023dataset, author = {Radek O\v{s}lej\v{s}ek and Martin Mac\'{a}k and Karol\'{i}na {Do\v{c}kalov\'{a} Bursk\'{a}}}, title = {Hands-on cybersecurity training behavior data for process mining}, journal = {{Data in Brief}}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2352-3409}, year = {2023}, volume = {52}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2023.109956}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340923009873} }</code></pre>
Anabaena circadian clock behavior under nitrogen-poor conditions from single-cell measurements of fluorescence intensity
<p>Circadian clock arrays in multicellular filaments of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 display remarkable spatio-temporal coherence under nitrogen-replete conditions. To shed light on the interplay between circadian clocks and the formation of developmental patterns, we followed the expression of a clock-controlled gene under nitrogen deprivation, at the level of individual cells. Our experiments showed that differentiation into heterocysts took place preferentially within a limited interval of the circadian clock cycle, that gene expression in different vegetative intervals along a developed filament was discoordinated, and that the circadian clock was active in individual heterocysts. Furthermore, Anabaena mutants lacking the kaiABC genes encoding the circadian clock core components produced heterocysts but failed in diazotrophy. Therefore, genes related to some aspect of nitrogen fixation, rather than early or mid-heterocyst differentiation genes, are likely affected by the absence of the clock. A bioinformatics analysis supports the notion that RpaA may play a role as master regulator of clock outputs in Anabaena, the temporal control of differentiation by the circadian clock and the involvement of the clock in proper diazotrophic growth. Together, these results suggest that under nitrogen-deficient conditions, the clock coherent unit in Anabaena is reduced from a full filament under nitrogen-rich conditions to the vegetative cell interval between heterocysts.</p>
Fig. 2 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)
Fig. 2. Waveforms of two signals of Fidicina mannifera. (A) One complete call; (B) Twelve pulses from a calling song. Total X axis length is 280 ms in (A) and 18 ms in (B).
Fig. 1 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)
Fig. 1. Audiospectrograms of four acoustic displays in the repertoire of Fidicina mannifera. (A) Song; (B) Calls, given in alternation by two males (numbers below the calls identify the caller); (C) Low-amplitude song; (D) Disturbance sound.
Fig. 3 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)
Fig. 3. Proportion of calls vs. songs given by male Fidicina mannifera in relation to nearestneighbor distance. Note that the relationship with distance is not linear (fitted curve is logarithmic).
Supplementary information for Yamada et al. (2023): Natural history notes of the rare enigmatic ant Opamyrma hungvuong: A first glimpse of their preying behavior on centipedes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae)
<p>Supprementary figure and videos (with original unedited source videos of behavior of <i>Opamyrma hungvuong</i>) for: Aiki Yamada, An Van Dang & Katsuyuki Eguchi (2023). Natural history notes of the rare enigmatic ant <i>Opamyrma hungvuong</i>: A first glimpse of their preying behavior on centipedes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Asian Myrmecology 16: e016009</p>
Diving behaviors of juvenile northern and southern elephant seals
<p><span></span>Understanding the ontogeny of diving behavior in marine megafauna is crucial due to its influence on foraging success, energy budgets, and mortality. We compared the ontogeny of diving behavior in two closely related species – northern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga angustirostris</em>, n = 4) and southern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga leonina</em>, n = 9) – to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying migration. Although both species have similar sizes and behaviors as adults, we discovered that juvenile northern elephant seals have superior diving development, reaching 260 meters diving depth in just 30 days, while southern elephant seals require 160 days. Similarly, northern elephant seals achieve dive durations of ~11 minutes on their first day of migration, while southern elephant seals take 125 days. The faster physiological maturation of northern elephant seals could be related to longer offspring dependency and post-weaning fast durations, allowing them to develop their endogenous oxygen stores. Comparison across both species suggests that weaned seal pups face a trade-off between leaving early with higher energy stores but poorer physiological abilities or leaving later with improved physiology but reduced fat stores. This trade-off might be influenced by their evolutionary history, which shapes their migration behaviors in changing environments over time.</p>
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from two selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male- versus female-biased) was recorded at two different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.</p>
Data set for "Distributed and specific encoding of sensory, motor and decision information in the mouse neocortex during goal-directed behavior"
<p>Data set for: Oryshchuk A, Sourmpis C, Weverbergh J, Asri R, Esmaeili V, Modirshanechi A, Gerstner W, Petersen CCH, Crochet S (2024) Distributed and specific encoding of sensory, motor and decision information in the mouse neocortex during goal-directed behavior. Cell Reports 43: 113618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113618</p> <p> </p> <p>There are 2 files in this upload:</p> <p> </p> <p>1. The file named "2024_Oryshchuk_CellReports.pdf" is the Open Access pdf of the online publication in Cell Reports.</p> <p> </p> <p>2. The file named " Oryshchuk _data_code.zip" (~1.8 GB) is a zipped version of a folder "Oryshchuk _data_code" (~2.3 GB), which contains the preprocessed data analyzed in the study along with the Matlab and Python codes used to generate the published figures. To access the data and codes, first unzip the file.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Atlas” contains templates from the Allen Mouse Brain Reference Altas of anatomical brain sections used to map the location of the silicon probes (Supplementary Figure S1).</p> <p>· The subfolder “Clustering-master” contains the Matlab codes used for the clustering on neuronal activity (Figure 1). The output is the data structure ‘Data_Clustering.mat’ file already provided in the folder ‘Data’.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Code” contains the main Matlab codes used to analyze the data and plot the figures. The ouput from the clustering and decoding analyses are provided in the ‘Data’ folder, thus the Matlab codes can be run independently, without running the ‘clustering’ or ‘decoding’ codes first.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Data” contains the Matlab data structures containing the electrophysiological and behavioral data from whisker rewarded (‘DataWR.mat’) and non-rewarded (‘DataWnonR.mat’) mice, the behavioral data for optogenetic inactivation in rewarded mice, the clustering results (‘Data_Clustering.mat’) and a subfolder containing the results from the decoding analyses (“Decoding”).</p> <p>· The subfolder “decoding” contains the Python codes used for the decoding analyses. The required configuration can be found in the file ‘requirements.txt’. To run the codes, follow instructions from the ‘README.md’ file.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Figures” will be populated with figures saved in .png and .eps formats as well as a ‘Methods.txt’ files when running the main Matlab codes.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Functions” contains subfunctions used by the main Matlab codes to analyze the data and plot the figures.</p> <p>· The subfolder “Results” will be populated with Matlab data structures as well as a ‘.xlsx’ files when running the main Matlab codes.</p> <p>When running the code, you need to set the Matlab file path to be "Oryshchuk _data_code". In addition, you should add the folder "Oryshchuk_data_code" with subfolders to the Matlab path. Some parts of the code rely upon previous results, and need to be executed sequentially in the order of the figure panels in the journal publication. Please note that some of the code can take several hours to execute.</p>
The effect of Israeli acute paralysis infection on honey bee brood care behavior
<p>To protect themselves from communicable diseases, social insects utilize social immunity—behavioral, phsyiological, and organizational means to combat disease transmission and severity. Within a honey bee colony, larvae are visited thousands of times by nurse bees, representing a prime environment for pathogen transmission. We investigated a potential social immune response to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection in brood care, testing the hypotheses that bees will respond with behaviors that result in reduced brood care, or that infection results in elevated brood care as a virus-driven mechanism to increase transmission. We tested for group-level effects by comparing three different social environments in which 0%, 50%, or 100% of bees were experimentally infected with IAPV. We investigated individual-level effects by comparing exposed bees to unexposed bees within the mixed-exposure treatment group. We found no evidence for a social immune response at the group level; however, individually, exposed bees interacted with the larva more frequently than their unexposed nestmates. While this could increase virus transmission from adults to larvae, it could also represent a hygienic response to increase grooming when an infection is detected. Together, our findings underline the complexity of disease dynamics in complex social animal systems.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.