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FIGURES 3A–3C in New species of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae Leptoceridae) from Mekong tributaries, Cambodia

FIGURES 3A–3C. Male genitalia of Leptocerus angkorwatensis n. sp. 3A, dorsal; 3B, left lateral; 3C, ventral. Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Segment IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X, Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Pha = phallus.

FIGURE 3 in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

FIGURE 3. Sams Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Blount County, Tennessee, USA, on 5 June 2020, a representative habitat and collection site of Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp. Inset is a map of North America indicating site position (circle).

FIGURES 2A–2F in New species of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae Leptoceridae) from Mekong tributaries, Cambodia

FIGURES 2A–2F. Male genitalia of Macrostemum siemseapensis n. sp. 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, with apex enlarged in inset, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, ventral; 2F, phallus apex, dorsal. Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X, Inf = inferior appendage (paired).

FIGURE 1. Polycentropus dinkinsorum n in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

FIGURE 1. Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp., male genitalia. 1A, left lateral (with phallus removed). 1B, dorsal. 1C, segment IX and inferior appendages, ventral. 1D, phallus, left lateral. Abbreviations: d.p. = dorsobasal process of a preanal appendage (paired); hl. p. = horn-like apical projection of terga IX+X; inf. app. = inferior appendage (paired); int. app. = intermediate appendage (paired); IX+X = combined terga IX + X; mv. prot. = mesoventral protuberance; ph. sc. = phallic sclerite; pre. app. = preanal appendage (paired); s.IX = sternum IX.

FIGURE 2 in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

FIGURE 2. Current recorded distribution of Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp. The square represents the holotype locality and circles represent other collection sites.

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

FIGURES 1–5. Trichoptera larvae and linear regression. Figure 1, Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton 1873, fifth instar larva with case. Figure 2, Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu 1960 in Tools for instar determination of European caddisfly larvae (Insecta: Trichoptera)

FIGURES 1–5. Trichoptera larvae and linear regression. Figure 1, Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton 1873, fifth instar larva with case. Figure 2, Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu 1960, fifth instar larva, abdominal segments VI–IX (white ovals = pupal gill buds). Figure 3, Athripsodes longispinosus paleochora (Malicky 1972), fifth instar larva, head, right anterolateral (arrow = subocular ecdysial line). Figure 4, Halesus rubricollis (Pictet 1834), first instar larva, pronotum, dorsal (white numerals refer to setal positions; arrows indicate pits). Scale bars: 0.5 mm in Figs. 1 and 3, 1 mm in Fig. 2, 0.1 mm in Fig. 4. Figure 5, linear regression (with 95% confidence bands) of forewing length versus final instar head width, based on pooled data of 451 European Trichoptera species across all families, showing the regression equation, the coefficient of determination, and the probability level for the relationship.

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Data from: Distribution and drift dispersal dynamics of a caddisfly grazer in response to resource abundance and its ontogeny

Stream grazers have a major impact on food web structure and the productivity of stream ecosystems; however, studies on the longitudinal (upstream versus downstream) and temporal changes in their drift dynamics and resulting distributions remain limited. Here, we investigated the longitudinal and temporal distributions and drift propensity of a trichopteran grazer, the caddisfly, Micrasema quadriloba, during its life cycle in a Japanese stream. The distribution of larvae significantly shifted downstream during the fifth instar larval stage during late winter; with periphyton abundance (i.e. their food source) showing similar shifts downstream. Therefore, our results show that the drift dispersal the caddisfly occurs in response to decline in available food resources (i.e. food-resource scarcity) and an increase in food requirements by growing individuals. Furthermore, our results show that this observed longitudinal shift in larval distribution varies through their life cycle, because the drift dispersal of fifth instar larvae was greater than that of immature larvae. The correlation between periphyton abundance and drift propensity of fourth instar larvae was not statistically significant, whereas that of fifth instar larvae was significantly negative. In conclusion, we detected an ontogenetic shift in drift propensity, which might explain the longitudinal and temporal distributions of this species.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Comparative proteomics of stenotopic caddisfly Crunoecia irrorata identifies acclimation strategies to warming

Species' ecological preferences are often deduced from habitat characteristics thought to represent more or less optimal conditions for physiological functioning. Evolution has led to stenotopic and eurytopic species, the former having decreased niche breadths and lower tolerances to environmental variability. Species inhabiting freshwater springs are often described as being stenotopic specialists, adapted to the stable thermal conditions found in these habitats. Whether due to past local adaptation these species have evolved or have lost intra-generational adaptive mechanisms to cope with increasing thermal variability has, to our knowledge, never been investigated. By studying how the proteome of a stenotopic species changes as a result of increasing temperatures we investigate if the absence or attenuation of molecular mechanisms is indicative of local adaptation to freshwater springs. An understanding of compensatory mechanisms is especially relevant as spring-specialists will experience thermal conditions beyond their physiological limits due to climate change. In this study, the stenotopic species Crunoecia irrorata (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae, Curtis 1834) was acclimated to 10, 15 and 20 °C for 168 h. We constructed a homology-based database, and via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based shotgun proteomics identified 1358 proteins. Differentially abundant proteins and protein norms of reaction revealed candidate proteins and molecular mechanisms facilitating compensatory responses such as trehalose metabolism, tracheal system alteration, and heat shock protein regulation. A species-specific understanding of compensatory physiologies challenges the characterization of species as having narrow tolerances to environmental variability if that characterization is based on occurrences and habitat characteristics alone.

opencc-zeroSep 2019View details →

FIGURE 6 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

FIGURE 6. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—lateral; B—head and thorax, dorsal; C—case, lateral.

FIGURE 1 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

FIGURE 1. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Adult head and thorax: A—dorsal; B—lateral; C—frontal; D—tentorium, dorsal; E—fore, mid, and hind legs, lateral.

FIGURE 5 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

FIGURE 5. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Female genitalia: A—lateral; B—dorsal; C—vaginal apparatus, ventral.

FIGURE 7 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

FIGURE 7. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—foreleg, lateral; B—midleg, lateral; C—hind leg, lateral; D—mandible, dorsal; E—anteromesal corner of pronotum, detail of cuticle; F—fore trochantin, lateral; G—abdominal segments IX & X, lateral; H—lateral hump scletire, lateral; I—tergum IX, dorsal.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species and new records of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Far East of Russia

FIGURE 1. Lype lubaretsi, new species, holotype (male genitalia): A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; D. Phallus, distal part, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species and new records of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Far East of Russia

FIGURE 4. Adicella longiramosa Yang and Morse (male genitalia): A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; D. Phallus in lateral view; E. Phallus in dorsal view.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species and new records of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Far East of Russia

FIGURE 3. Molanna byssa, new species, holotype (male genitalia): A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view (right preanal appendage omitted); C. Ventral view; D. Caudal view; E. Phallus in lateral view; F. Phallus in dorsal view.

FIGURE 9 in The Neotropical caddisfly genus To l h u a c a (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)

FIGURE 9. Distribution of Tolhuaca in southern South America. Triangle—Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid; Circle—Tolhuaca brasiliensis, new species.

FIGURE 7 in The Neotropical caddisfly genus To l h u a c a (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)

FIGURE 7. Tolhuaca brasiliensis, new species. Male genitalia: A––lateral; B––dorsal; C––process of sternum VI; D––ventral view of phallobase.

FIGURE 1 in The Neotropical caddisfly genus To l h u a c a (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)

FIGURE 1. Tolhuaca cupulifera. Adult: dorsal view of head and thorax. FIGURE 2. Tolhuaca cupulifera. Adult: A––foretibial spur; B––mesotibial spurs, at same scale for comparison.

FIGURE 5 in The Neotropical caddisfly genus To l h u a c a (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)

FIGURE 5. Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid. Male genitalia: A––lateral; B––dorsal; C––process of sternum VI; D––endotheca fully everted as observed in holotype; E––detail of endothecal thornlike spines; F––ventral view of phallobase.

FIGURE 9 in A new genus of longhorned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

FIGURE 9. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Pupa: A—abdomen, abdominal hook plates, enlarged; B—head, frontal, mandible enlarged; C—anterior silken membrane of pupal case.