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Fig. 63 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 63. Evolution of different types of frugivory inferred from our optimization of the frugivory character of Ferrarezi and Gimenez (1996: table 1; see our table 8) on our strict consensus tree from the character congruence analysis. To prevent an equivocal reconstruction for the base of the clade that includes all phyllostomids except desmodontines, we examined trees in which the position of Brachyphylla was resolved and fixed the node at the base of the clade that includes all phyllostomids except desmodontines with the state that occurred under the two alternative placements for this genus.
Fig. 62 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 62. Evolution of different types of insectivory (see text for description of character states) inferred from our optimization of the insectivory character of Ferrarezi and Gimenez (1996: table 1; see our table 8) on our strict consensus tree from the character congruence analysis. We inferred the state at the root with reference to a phylogeny of Microchiroptera (Simmons, 1998). The equivocal optimizations for Phyllostomidae and Vampyrini are due to differences in interpretation of the character under ACCTRAN or DELTRAN. The ''uncertain'' state for Noctilio is due to taxonomic polymorphism (see table 8).
Fig. 61 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 61. Tree used by Ferrarezi and Gimenez (1996; redrawn from fig. 4) with their feedinghabits character optimized on the topology. This character was ordered such that predominant insectivory evolved from strict insectivory; predominant carnivory, predominant frugivory, or sanguivory evolved from predominant insectivory; and predominant nectarivory or strict frugivory evolved from predominant frugivory.
Fig. 60 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 60. Evolution of the labial horseshoe inferred from optimization of character 25 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The morphology of the thickened labial horseshoe (character 27) is also indicated: asterisks indicate taxa with a Vshaped labial projection; a single cross indicates taxa in which all individuals have a Vshaped notch; a double cross indicates taxa in which some individuals have a Vshaped notch. The state for Centurio is not indicated because we scored this taxon ''?'' for all characters related to the noseleaf (see character 18).
Fig. 59 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 59. Evolution of the lateral horseshoe inferred from optimization of character 24 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction for the evolution of a ''partly free edge'' is due to the missing data for Scleronycteris.
Fig. 58 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 58. Evolution of the internarial structures inferred from optimization of character 24 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction within Hirsutaglossa is due to alternative interpretations under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN. Note that ''polymorphic'' indicates that some individuals in a species have a ridge or papillae, whereas others do not.
Fig. 57 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 57. Evolution of length of the central rib inferred from optimization of character 21 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction for the base of the clade including phyllostomines and nullicaudans is due to alternative interpretations under ACCT RAN and DELTRAN. The reconstruction for Centurio is equivocal due to missing data (see character 18). See text for discussion.
Fig. 56 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 56. Evolution of spear length and spear tip shape inferred from the optimization of characters 19 and 20, respectively, on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. Optimization of spear length A. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda. The equivocal reconstruction beginning with the last common ancestor the clade including Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda is due to alternative optimizations under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN. B. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Phyllostominae and Nullicauda. Optimizations of spear tip shape C. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda, and D. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Phyllostominae and Nullicauda. The equivocal reconstruction beginning with the last common ancestor of Phyllostomidae is due to alternative reconstructions under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN.
Fig. 54 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 54. Evolution of the number of interramal vibrissae inferred from optimization of character 13 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction for Scleronycteris is due to missing data, while in Phyllostomus it is caused by taxonomic polymorphism. The equivocal reconstruction of this character in Vampyrini is due to the occurence of taxonomic polymorphism in Tonatia; there are two possible resolutions of this character in this clade under ACCT
Fig. 53 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 53. Evolution of the number of genal vibrissae inferred from optimization of character 12 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction for the base of Mormoopidae is due to differences in interpretation under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN. The equivocal reconstructions for both Choeroniscus and Carollia are due to the presence of taxonomic polymorphism, and, in the case of Choeroniscus, different resolutions of the clade including this genus Choeronycteris, and Musonycteris. The ''uncertain'' state, which appears for several taxa (e.g., Lonchophylla, Lonchorhina), is due to taxonomic polymorphism (see character 12). To prevent an equivocal reconstruction for the base of Hirsutaglossa, we examined trees in which the position of Brachyphylla was resolved and fixed the node at the base of Hirsutaglossa with the state that occurred under the two alternative placements for this genus.
Fig. 52 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 52. Evolution of superciliary vibrissae inferred from optimization of character 11 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction for the clade including Tonatia, Chrotopterus, and Vampyrum is due to the presence of taxonomic polymorphism in Tonatia and has two possible resolutions. The state for Lonchorhina and Tonatia is ''uncertain'' because of taxonomic polymorphism in these genera (see character 11).
Fig. 55 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 55. Evolution of the lateral vibrissal column inferred from optimization of character 14 on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. The equivocal reconstruction that begins with the last common ancestor of Phyllostominae and Nullicauda is due to differences in interpretation of the character under ACCTRAN or DELTRAN. The three taxa with asterisks after their names have only three vibrissae in each medial vibrissal column (character 15).
Fig. 66 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 66. Strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis with nodes numbered for reference to appendix 4, which presents apomorphies of the clades.
Fig. 51 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 51. Degree of internal uterine fusion (character 132) optimized onto the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. There is a reversal to distinct cornual lumina from reduced cornual lumina (character 132) in some phyllostomines, suggesting that internal uterine fusion is not unidirectional. The equivocal optimization within Phyllostominae is due to missing data in Lonchorhinini. To prevent an equivocal reconstruction for the base of the clade that includes all phyllostomids except desmodontines, we examined trees in which the position of Brachyphylla was resolved and fixed the node at the base of the clade that includes all phyllostomids except desmodontines with the state that occurred under the two alternative placements for this genus.
Fig. 48 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 48. Results of a heuristic search of 12 restriction site characters for 44 taxa. The tree shown here is a strict consensus of 120 most parsimonious trees, each of 17 steps (CI = 0.706, RI = 0.917).
Fig. 49 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 49. Results of a heuristic search using all 150 characters for all 63 taxa. The tree shown here is a strict consensus of 18 most parsimonious trees, each of 613 steps (CI = 0.463; RI = 0.765). Numbers appearing above the lines are decay values, below the lines are bootstrap values.
Fig. 43 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 43. Restriction site map of the transcribed portion of the rDNA complex, including all sites from Van Den Bussche's (1991) original study. Restriction sites variable within noctilionoids and Homo are below the line, invariant (those found in all taxa in the study) are above the line (redrawn from Van Den Bussche, 1991: fig. 2).
Fig. 45 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 45. Results of a heuristic search of 35 craniodental characters for all 63 taxa. The tree shown here is a strict consensus of more than 30,000 most parsimonious trees, each of 119 steps (CI = 0.555, RI = 0.832).
Fig. 47 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 47. Results of a heuristic search of 22 tongue characters for 61 taxa. The tree shown here is a strict consensus of more than 30,000 most parsimonious trees, each of 55 steps (CI = 0.564, RI = 0.876).
Fig. 39 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 39. Semidiagrammatic, frontal sections of the female reproductive tract in three phyllostomids and one outgroup taxon representing the range of variation among noctilionoids (redrawn from Hood and Smith, 1983: figs. 3, 4, 6). A. Noctilio albiventris. B. Macrotus californicus. C. Leptonycteris curasoae. D. Artibeus jamaicensis. Abbreviations: cl: common uterine lumen; iuc: intramural uterine cornua; ov: ovary; ovd: oviduct; utj: uterotubal junction. Abbreviations follow those used by Hood and Smith (1982, 1983).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.