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328 results for “cichlid fish”
FIGURE 1 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin
FIGURE 1. First epibranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, (B) R. septentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype, and (C) Satanoperca lilith, MZUSP 8503. Ventral view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin
FIGURE 4. First hypobranchial of (A) Retroculus acherontos, MZUSP 85838, and (B) R. septentrionalis, MZUSP 38947, paratype. Dorsal view, anterior to top. Cartilage black. Scale bar = 1mm.
FIGURE 7 in Retroculus acherontos, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin
FIGURE 7. Retroculus acherontos: (A) holotype, MZUSP 85824, 124.9 mm SL, and (B) paratype MZUSP 85823, 112.5 mm SL.
FIGURES 1–3. Astiotrema turneri n in Astiotrema turneri n. sp. (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) from cichlid fishes (Cichlidae: Perciformes) of Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa
FIGURES 1–3. Astiotrema turneri n. sp. 1. 1. Ventral view of holotype specimen from Pseudotropheus zebra, uterus in bold outline. 2. Ventral view of flattened specimen from Labeotropheus trewavasae, uterus in bold outline. 3. Terminal genitalia of specimen from P. z e b r a. Scale bars 1, 2 = 500 μm, 3 = 100μm.
FIGURE 22 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURE 22. Tree resulting from Bayesian inference analysis of 28 S rDNA data. Nodal support is given as bootstrap / posterior probabilities. Branch length scale bar indicate number of substitutions per site. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. sp. in bold.
FIGURES 1 – 7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 1 – 7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru, line drawings. (1) Scolex, dorsal view. (2) Terminal genitalia, ventral. (3) Gravid proglottid, ventral; note ventral uterine openings. (4) Pregravid proglottid, ventral; the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (5, 6) Eggs. (7) Cross section at level of the cirrus-sac. (1, 2, 4 – 7 = holotype – MHNG-PLAT 63132; 3 = paratype – IPCAS C- 733). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; doc – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; oo – oocapt; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; upo – uterine pore-like opening; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.
FIGURES 17 – 21 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 17 – 21. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces of Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica (17 – 19), and Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru (20, 21).
FIGURES 8 – 16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 8 – 16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica, line drawings. (8) Scolex, dorsal view (paratype 3 – CNHE No. 10044). (9) Frontal sections of scolex, showing the anterior circular musculature of suckers (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (10) Frontal sections of the scolex, showing an apical sucker (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (11, 12) Cross sections at level of the cirrus-sac and ovary, respectively (holotype – IPCAS C- 734). (13) Pregravid proglottid, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085); the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (14, 15) Eggs (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (16) Terminal genitalia, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vd – vitelline duct; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.
Data from: The transcriptomics of crushing jaw convergence in cichlid fishes: comparative gene expression in recent sympatric versus older allopatric trophic adaptations
<p>How gene expression diverges during adaptation might be strongly influenced by the geographic setting and timeframe over which species evolve. To contrast transcriptomic patterns of replicate trophic adaptations that evolved convergently during both allopatric and sympatric contexts, we conducted RNA-seq on the trophically important lower pharyngeal jaws of two sympatrically and four allopatrically diverged species pairs of cichlid fishes. We first show that all of these species pairs have convergently diverged along a crushing trophic axis and that the sympatric pairs are as phenotypically divergent as the allopatric pairs. Then, we found that distinct sets of genes were differentially expressed in the jaws of sympatrically diverging pairs as compared to jaws in older allopatric species pairs. The genes that were differentially expressed in the jaws of allopatric pairs also were more highly expressed on average than in the sympatric pairs. Finally, for genes that were differentially expressed, the magnitude of differences in expression between the jaws were greater for sympatrically diverging species pairs. The particular genes, their expression levels, and the magnitude of expression differences between sympatrically originating adaptations might all play an important role in generating and maintaining boundaries to gene flow during the rapid ecological divergence that often characterizes sympatric speciation.</p>
Data from: Resource heterogeneity but not inbreeding affects growth and grouping behaviour in socially foraging juvenile cichlid fish
<p>1. Spatial food distribution determines resource profitability, defensibility and encounter rate of foragers. Clumped food distribution can promote aggressiveness and resource monopolisation, in turn increasing within-group variation in food intake and growth. However, the effects of food distribution may depend on foraging strategies. Little is known about the impact of spatial food heterogeneity on growth and grouping behaviour in social foragers in the absence of monopolisation.</p> <p>2. Social foraging is present in many fishes, particularly at early juvenile life stages when fish are especially sensitive to environmental variation. Here, a heterogeneous food distribution may impair foraging success and growth and juveniles may increase sociability to attain social information about food resources.</p> <p>3. We examined the impact of the spatial distribution of food as well as inbreeding on growth and social behaviour in juveniles of the cichlid fish <i>Pelvicachromis pulcher. </i>Inbred individuals often show poorer performance than outbred individuals (inbreeding depression), but inbreeding effects can be environment-dependent. In the experiment, in- and outbred fish were reared in a split-clutch design either under homogeneously distributed or spatially clumped food conditions for eight weeks starting one week after juveniles could actively feed. We documented growth and performed a shoaling assay and a sociality test (choice between a large vs. a small shoal) after six weeks.</p> <p>4. Spatial food distribution did not affect within-group body length variation, but individuals reared under clumped food conditions were smaller. Shoals of the different feeding conditions differed in social behaviour. Shoals of the clumped treatment group showed higher variation in inter-individual distances compared to shoals of the homogeneous treatment group. Furthermore, focal fish of the clumped treatment adjusted their association preference to the position of the groups' largest individual. We did not find significant inbreeding or environment-dependent inbreeding effects regarding growth or social behaviour.</p> <p>5. Our study suggests that a clumped food distribution can impede localisation of food resources and thus growth in juvenile social foragers. Accordingly, in heterogeneous environments, the use of social information may be highly relevant to increase individuals' foraging success potentially explaining orientation on successful foragers, i.e. large individuals. Inter-individual variation in juvenile social behaviour may precede variation in food monopolisation capability and in growth emerging at later life stages.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Diversity of Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in Chiapas, Mexico: A practical identification key with updated distribution maps
FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of species cichlids of Chiapas (continuation). The symbols indicate the locations of distribution within Chiapas.
FIGURE 4 in Diversity of Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in Chiapas, Mexico: A practical identification key with updated distribution maps
FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species cichlids of Chiapas. The symbols indicate the locations of distribution within Chiapas.
FIGURE 1 in Diversity of Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in Chiapas, Mexico: A practical identification key with updated distribution maps
FIGURE 1. Main largest basins in Chiapas and main bodies of water in the state (represented with the symbol ♦) and neighboring regions (represented with the symbol ♦). I (Chixoy River), II (Lacantún River), III (Montebello Lagoons), IV (Tzendales River), V (Lacanjá River), VI (Usumacinta River), VII (Catazajá Lagoons), VIII (Tulijá River), IX (Pichucalco River), X (Mezcalapa River), XI (Grande River), XII (La Venta River), XIII (Santo Domingo River), XIV (Zanatenco River), XV (Margaritas River), XVI (Chantuto-Panzacola estuarine lagoon system), and XVII (Suchiate River), XVIII (Coatzacoalcos River), XIX (Tonalá River), XX (Ostuta River), XXI (Candelaria River), XXII (Champotón River), XXIII (Izabal Lake), XXIV (Polochic River) and XXV (Motagua River).
FIGURE 3 in Diversity of Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in Chiapas, Mexico: A practical identification key with updated distribution maps
FIGURE 3. Cichlids that are distributed in Chiapas (continuation). *Non-native species. A. Tthorichthys helleri. B. T. meeki. C. T. pasionis. D. T. salvini. E. Vieja bifasciata. F. V. breidohri. G. V. guttulata. H. V. hartwegi. I. V. melanurus. J. V. zonata. K. Wajpamheros nourissati. *L. Coptodon zillii. *M. Oreochromis aureus. *N. O. mossambicus. *O. O. niloticus. *P. Parachromis managuensis. Photograph of T. socolofi is not included, (there is a photo of specimen in life published in Ceballos et al. (2016)).
FIGURE 2 in Diversity of Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in Chiapas, Mexico: A practical identification key with updated distribution maps
FIGURE 2. Cichlids that are distributed in Chiapas. A. Amphilophus trimaculatus. B. Astatheros macracanthus. C. Chiapaheros grammodes. D. Cincelichthys pearsei. E. Chuco intermedium. F. Cribroheros robertsoni. G. Kihnichthys ufermanni. H. Maskaheros argenteus. I. M. regani. J. Mayaheros urophthalmus. K. Oscura heterospila. L. Parachromis multifasciatus. M. Paraneetroplus gibbiceps. N. Petenia splendida. O. Rheoheros coeruleus. P. R. lentiginosus. Q. Rocio octofasciata. R. Theraps irregularis. Photograph of R. ocotal is not included (there is a photo of the fixed specimen in the original description proposed by Schmitter-Soto (2007a)).
FIGURE 22 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURE 22. Tree resulting from Bayesian inference analysis of 28S rDNA data. Nodal support is given as bootstrap/posterior probabilities. Branch length scale bar indicate number of substitutions per site. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. sp. in bold.
FIGURES 17–21 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 17–21. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces of Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica (17–19), and Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru (20, 21).
FIGURES 1–7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 1–7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru, line drawings. (1) Scolex, dorsal view. (2) Terminal genitalia, ventral. (3) Gravid proglottid, ventral; note ventral uterine openings. (4) Pregravid proglottid, ventral; the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (5, 6) Eggs. (7) Cross section at level of the cirrus-sac. (1, 2, 4–7 = holotype – MHNG-PLAT 63132; 3 = paratype – IPCAS C-733). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; doc – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; oo – oocapt; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; upo – uterine pore-like opening; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.
FIGURES 8–16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics
FIGURES 8–16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica, line drawings. (8) Scolex, dorsal view (paratype 3 – CNHE No. 10044). (9) Frontal sections of scolex, showing the anterior circular musculature of suckers (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (10) Frontal sections of the scolex, showing an apical sucker (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (11, 12) Cross sections at level of the cirrus-sac and ovary, respectively (holotype – IPCAS C-734). (13) Pregravid proglottid, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085); the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (14, 15) Eggs (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (16) Terminal genitalia, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vd – vitelline duct; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.
Data from: Population genomic tests of models of adaptive radiation in Lake Victoria region cichlid fish.
Adaptive radiation is usually thought to be associated with speciation, but the evolution of intraspecific polymorphisms without speciation is also possible. The radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria is perhaps the most impressive example of a recent rapid adaptive radiation, with 600+ very young species. Key questions about its origin remain poorly characterized, such as the importance of speciation versus polymorphism, whether species persist on evolutionary time scales, and if speciation happens more commonly in small isolated or in large connected populations. We used 320 individuals from 105 putative species from Lakes Victoria, Edward, Kivu, Albert, Nabugabo and Saka, in a radiation-wide AFLP genome scan to address some of these questions. We demonstrate pervasive signatures of speciation supporting the classical model of adaptive radiation associated with speciation. A positive relationship between the age of lakes and the average genomic differentiation of their species, and a significant fraction of molecular variance explained by above-species level taxonomy suggest the persistence of species on evolutionary time scales, with radiation through sequential speciation rather than a single starburst. Finally the large gene diversity retained from colonization to individual species in every radiation suggests large effective population sizes and makes speciation in small geographical isolates unlikely.
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